scholarly journals Diversity and distribution of odonates in Rani Reserve Forest, Assam, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17487-17503
Author(s):  
Dipti Thakuria ◽  
Jatin Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Running Waters ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Lentic System ◽  
Lotic System ◽  
Reserve Forest ◽  
Baseline Knowledge ◽  
System 2

Odonata are the bioindicators of freshwater ecosystem health and is recognised as an excellent ‘flagship’ group among insects.  Baseline knowledge on the diversity and distribution of odonates over spatiotemporal scale is the key to biodiversity conservation. Rani Reserve Forest of Assam is a mosaic of all the habitat types suitable for odonates.  The present work aims at studying the diversity and distribution of Odonates in Rani Reserve Forest.  The study was carried out from December 2014 to November 2017 by categorising the study area into three major habitat types: 1. lentic system, 2. lotic system and 3. terrestrial woodland.  A total of 67 species belonging to 44 genera, representing 11 families were recorded.  First published records of three species, Onychothemis testacea (Libellulidae), Philoganga montana (Philogangidae) and Indocnemis orang (Platycnemididae) from the state are also provided herewith.  Species richness was the highest in lentic system whereas recorded the lowest in running waters of larger forested streams.  Shannon diversity index also indicated that the lentic system is relatively diverse (2.95) and smaller streams of the lotic system showed the highest species evenness (0.87).  Libellulidae (43%) was found to be the most dominant family belonging to suborder Anisoptera followed by Coenagrionidae (22%) of suborder Zygoptera.  Philogangidae (1%) recorded the lowest number of species.  Taxonomically related species showed distinct ecological segregation within these different habitat types occupying different microhabitats therein.

scholarly journals Scavenging by threatened turtles regulates freshwater ecosystem health during fish kills

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Santori ◽  
Ricky-John Spencer ◽  
Michael B. Thompson ◽  
Camilla M. Whittington ◽  
Thomas H. Burd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Fish Kills ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments

Abstract Humans are increasing the frequency of fish kills by degrading freshwater ecosystems. Simultaneously, scavengers like freshwater turtles are declining globally, including in the Australian Murray–Darling Basin. Reduced scavenging may cause water quality problems impacting both ecosystems and humans. We used field and mesocosm experiments to test whether scavenging by turtles regulates water quality during simulated fish kills. In the field, we found that turtles were important scavengers of fish carrion. In mesocosms, turtles rapidly consumed carrion, and water quality in mesocosms with turtles returned to pre-fish kill levels faster than in turtle-free controls. Our experiments have important ecological implications, as they suggest that turtles are critical scavengers that regulate water quality in freshwater ecosystems. Recovery of turtle populations may be necessary to avoid the worsening of ecosystem health, particularly after fish kills, which would have devastating consequences for many freshwater species.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Study on Freshwater Ecosystem Health of Lancang River Basin in Xishuangbanna of China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuqing Wen ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Tianhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Health Index ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Lancang River ◽  
The Status ◽  
Freshwater Management ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The Lancang-Mekong River significantly affects the livelihood of residents in the basin as well as the lives of people in other regions of the world in terms of great development potential and its economic and ecological values. In the meanwhile, the river attracts the attention of countries in the basin and the international community because it raises potential for international conflicts. The Lancang-Mekong River leaves China from Xishuangbanna and the ecosystem status in Xishuangbanna constitutes one of the top concerns related to the basin. The study comprehensively evaluates the status of freshwater ecosystem health of the Lancang River in Xishuangbanna for the first time, with reference to aspects of ecosystem vitality, ecosystem services, as well as governance and stakeholders, firstly, linking the ecosystem and the benefits it provides as well as human activities as an organic whole. The methodology used, Freshwater Health Index, is newly developed and constitutes revision of the first attempt of its usage. Basically, the freshwater ecosystem in the studied area and period remains healthy according to the research, and the ecosystem is considered to be capable of providing sufficient services and benefits to meet the economic and societal development demands. Recommendations are proposed for more sustainable local freshwater management and utilization accordingly.

Assessing aquatic ecosystem health through the analysis of plankton biodiversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Shao ◽  
S. T. Yang ◽  
Y. Sun ◽  
Y. Gai ◽  
C. S. Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Ecosystem Restoration ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
The City

Healthy plankton communities are the foundation of many freshwater food webs. Their biodiversity is often used to directly reflect the health of the rivers. Globally, river ecosystem restoration is a critical issue and many freshwater ecosystems, especially in cities, are degraded because of intensive human activities. This is true for Jinan, China’s first pilot city for the Water Ecological Civilisation Project. The outcomes of aquatic ecosystem restoration in the city will directly affect the success or failure of the construction of aquatic ecological civilisations across the entire country; therefore, there is an urgent need for research on the assessment of river health in Jinan based on plankton biodiversity. As such, this study gathered data on the distribution of plankton (phytoplankton and zooplankton) in Jinan by collecting three sets of samples from 59 aquatic ecosystem monitoring stations in spring, summer and autumn of 2015. In all, 104 species of phytoplankton and 56 species of zooplankton were identified. Diatoms, Chlorophyta, and Cyanophyta accounted for 50, 31 and 15% respectively of phytoplankton, and rotifers, Protozoa and cladocerans accounted for 39, 31 and 17% respectively of zooplankton. We constructed a plankton health assessment model based on the Shannon–Wiener diversity index for analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution. According to the overall health distribution diagram, spatially health status was significantly better in north and south Jinan than in the city centre; temporally, spring water ecosystem health was better than in summer and autumn. These conclusions provide a theoretical basis and direction for the restoration of aquatic ecosystems in Jinan, and the methods used in this study can serve as a reference for aquatic ecosystem evaluation in developing countries.

scholarly journals Small Things Matter: The Value of Rapid Biodiversity Surveys to Understanding Local Bird Diversity Patterns in Southcentral Mindanao, Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 194008291986948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krizler Cejuela Tanalgo ◽  
Marion John Michael M. Achondo ◽  
Alice C. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Indicators ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Small Things ◽  
Regional Conservation

Rapid assessment biodiversity surveys are usually employed when resources or time is limited. In terrestrial ecosystems, birds are important ecological indicators of ecosystem health. Our study used rapid inventories to show that species differ across habitat types; species richness and rarity were higher in pristine habitats (native and restored areas) while nonprotected habitats (e.g., plantations and orchards) mainly had common and nonendemic species. Our findings demonstrate the importance of collective local biodiversity studies in elucidating species diversity patterns, though is equally important to bolster regional conservation prioritization. We hope that our findings will benefit future decision-making for sustainable development and conservation planning.

scholarly journals Ragam Liken Berdasarkan Ketinggian Dataran sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Ekosistem di Cagar Alam Rawa Danau Serang Banten

Biota ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Rida Oktorida Khastini
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Environmental Alteration ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Bio Monitoring ◽  
Habitat Variables

Lichen is a symbiotic organism, made up of two or more different organisms living together. Lichen biodiversity may provide an excellent system in bio-monitoring of the ecosystem health of nature reserve areas such as Rawa Danau in Banten Province, Indonesia.   The study on lichen diversity was conducted on Rawa Danau based on altitude using transect based plot in three main habitats based on altitude e.g. 90 mbsl, 100-130 mbsl, 130-160 mbsl, 160-187 mbsl.  A total 63 specimens were collected from these four areas which resulted in the occurrence of 19 species  of lichens belonging to 17 genera and 13 families. Shannon–Winner’s diversity index from 1.494 to 2.6678. The variation in species composition was related to the environmental habitat variables and lichens demonstrated a condition of environmental alteration.  

scholarly journals Butterfly diversity of Putalibazar Municipality, Syangja District, Gandaki Province, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 18827-18845
Author(s):  
Kismat Neupane ◽  
Mahamad Sayab Miya
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

A study was carried out to find the butterfly species diversity and abundance in Putalibazar Municipality, Syangja, Gandaki, Nepal, from June 2019 to July 2020. Pollard walk method was used for data collection in three different habitat types: forest, agricultural land, and settlement area. The study was performed in all seasons: pre-monsoon, monsoon, post monsoon and winter. A total of 180 butterfly species from 108 genera and six families were recorded. The overall Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) was 4.48. The highest diversity was represented by the Nymphalidae with 67 species (H= 3.79). Butterfly diversity and species abundance was highest in the forest area (147 species, 1199 individuals; H= 4.47). The highest species richness (109 species) was observed in the monsoon season.

scholarly journals Bird Species Abundance and Diversity in Montane Forest Research Station, Jos, Plateau State

2021 ◽  
pp. 4014-4027
Author(s):  
Kambai Collina ◽  
Akwashiki Ombugadu ◽  
Apervega Paul Tersoo ◽  
Nanlir Janfa ◽  
Francis Mundi Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Forest Research ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Plateau State

Forest is the most significant habitat for birds by supporting around 75% of all bird species while only 45% of all bird species have adapted to humans modified habitats. The research was conducted in the Montane Forest Research Station, Jos, Plateau State, in other to determine the abundance, diversity and effect of habitat types on bird’s species diversity. Fifteen transects of 200m were laid in the three habitat types (riparian forest, farmland and residential area) using stratified random sampling method. The data collected were analysed using R console. Shannon Weiner diversity index was used to analyse species diversity while generalized linear model was used to determine the effect of the habitat variables on bird species diversity. The result showed a total number of 1466 individual birds belonging to 17 families and 60 bird species were sighted. The abundance of birds was highest in riparian forest (2252), farmland (1732) and Residential area (1094) with no significance difference (p=0.177). Species richness was higher in the riparian forest (57), farmland (49), and the residential area (44). It also revealed that bird diversity index was highly significant. Riparian forest had the highest diversity (4.77), and the species were more evenly distributed (0.6) as compared to the other habitat types. The higher the number of trees and canopy cover the higher the diversity of species as was observed in the riparian forest where forest species that weren’t seen in the other habitats were found. The farmland and residential areas also hold a considerable number of some generalist bird species due to some patches of vegetation found in the habitat. Therefore, conservation efforts should be directed towards keeping vegetation intact in human dominated areas, as it serves as repository for bird species which are ecologically important. Hence, planting trees (economic, fruit and ornamental) should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Distribution of Aquatic Diptera larvae of Yeşilırmak River (Turkey) and ecological characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-407
Author(s):  
Ozge Basoren ◽  
Nilgün Kazancı
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Running Waters ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Ecological Characteristics ◽  
Physicochemical Variables ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Yeşilırmak River is one of the most important running waters of Turkey, but the water quality of this river has been affected by agricultural and domestic pollution. Dams and hydroelectric power plants also threaten the habitat quality and biodiversity of the river. This research contains investigation of Diptera fauna in Yeşilırmak River and tributaries, determination ecological characteristics of the collecting sites according to System A and System B Classification of Water Framework Directive (WFD), assessment of water quality of the studied sites by measuring the physicochemical variables (water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, NO2-N, NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P) and using some metrics (abundance, number of taxa, Simpson Diversity Index, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, Margalef Diversity Index, Evenness). Thirty-three (33) sites were sampled from Yeşilırmak River and its tributaries in June 2010. Diptera individuals were detected in 20 of them. Two thousand four hundred forty-five (2445) individuals belonging to 12 families and 16 taxa were identified in 20 sampling sites. The water quality classes of the studied sites were Class III (moderate pollution) and Class IV (heavily pollution) according to values of physicochemical variables.

scholarly journals Response of Understory Bird Feeding Groups to Deforestation Gradient in a Tropical Rainforest of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 194008292090697
Author(s):  
Mélanie A. Tchoumbou ◽  
Elikwo F. N. Malange ◽  
Claire T. Tiku ◽  
Brice Tibab ◽  
Jerome Fru-Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Birds are crucial in maintaining the balance of many ecosystems and provide various ecological services. Understanding their sensitivity to human disturbances should be prioritized in understudy areas for effective conservation practices. Using mist nets, this study characterized mostly understory bird communities (insectivorous, frugivorous, granivorous, and nectarivorous birds) in three habitat types (pristine forest, selectively logged forest, and young oil palm plantation) in the Talangaye rainforest, Southwest Cameroon. A total of 845 birds belonging to 27 families and 85 species were recorded in the three habitats after 294 h of mist netting. Overall, the mist-netted community was largely dominated by insectivores, followed by frugivores, nectarivores, granivores, and carnivores. Although mean species richness, abundance, and Simpson diversity index did not vary significantly among habitat types, mean species abundance and diversity index decreased in selectively logged forest and young oil palm plantation and species richness increased in both habitats. The species richness, abundance, and diversity index for insectivorous and frugivorous birds were lowest in the young oil palm plantations. For granivores, species richness and abundance increased following selective logging and the establishment of oil palm plantation. The highest mean species richness and diversity index in nectarivores were recorded in the young oil palm plantations. The study showed that selective logging and establishment of oil palm plantation had variable effects on the bird communities in the Talangaye rainforest. Also, the frugivorous birds appeared to be more sensitive to both types of disturbances, while the insectivores were more sensitive to habitat loss/conversion.

scholarly journals Effects of Habitat Types on Macroinvertebrates Assemblages Structure: Case Study of Sun Island Bund Wetland

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagam Khudhair ◽  
Cai Yan ◽  
Manhong Liu ◽  
Hongxian Yu
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Type Water ◽  
Richness Index

Sun Island Bund Wetland (SIBW) is a river floodplain wetland located at the south part of Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China. An investigation of the influence of habitat type on macroinvertebrates assemblages structure was conducted in July 2016. Nine (9) sampling sites were selected based on sediment type, water condition, and aquatic vegetation type. Macroinvertebrates attributes including density, biomass, and four diversity indices (Simpson diversity index, Margalef richness index, Shannon-Weiner index, and Pielou evenness index) were assessed. A total of 53 taxa were collected during the study period, with the highest density dominated being from aquatic insects and gastropods.Bellamya purificataandExopalaemon annandaleiwere the most dominant among all the species. The results showed that the assemblages structure of macroinvertebrates in different habitats was significantly different. Also, the results with PCA showed that the higher values of invertebrates density, biomass, diversity indices, and species richness had a greater association with the habitat types of silt-humus sediment, closed lentic area, and submerged-flouting-emergent vegetation.

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