scholarly journals Does the size of the butterfly enhance detection? Factors influencing butterfly detection in species inventory surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 17950-17962
Author(s):  
Anju Velayudhan ◽  
Mohanarangan Ashokkumar ◽  
George Chandy ◽  
Biju Sreedharan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundance Estimation ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Species Inventory ◽  
Factors Influencing

Butterfly species’ abundance and factors influencing butterfly detection in Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala was studied from April to June 2018.  The survey was carried out on 15 tracks of 2-km lengths surveyed two times resulting in the sampling effort of 60km.  A total of 141 species of butterflies belonging to two orders, six families and 103 genera were observed during the study, of which 15 species were recorded as endemic.  The majority of butterfly species belonged to the families Nymphalidae and Lycanidae.  The size of butterflies varies significantly among families with the largest butterflies recorded in Papilionidae and Nymphalidae and the smallest butterflies from Hesperidae and Lycanidae.  The factors that determine butterfly detection during the count was determined using multiple regression.  The number of detections had a linear relation with abundance, size, and activities of the butterflies.  The model was highly significant and explained 86.9% of the variation in the detection of butterflies (F=407.8; df=3; p<0.000).  Abundance had a primary influence on detection followed by the size and activities of the butterflies.  Further studies on relative detectability of different species of butterflies in the diversity and abundance estimation would help in refining methods of assessment of butterflies.

scholarly journals Estimation accuracy of species abundance based on environmental DNA with relation to its production source, state, and assay methodology suggested by meta-analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Jo ◽  
Hiroki Yamanaka
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Efficient Estimation ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Abundance Estimation ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Promising Tool

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a promising tool for non-disruptive and cost-efficient estimation of species abundance. However, its practical applicability in natural environments is limited because it is unclear whether eDNA concentrations actually represent species abundance in the field. Although the importance of accounting for eDNA dynamics, such as transport and degradation, has been discussed, the influences of eDNA characteristics, including production source and state, and methodology, including collection and quantification strategy and abundance metrics, on the accuracy of eDNA-based abundance estimation were entirely overlooked. We conducted a meta-analysis using 56 previous eDNA literature and investigated the relationships between the accuracy (R2) of eDNA-based abundance estimation and eDNA characteristics and methodology. Our meta-regression analysis found that R2 values were significantly lower for crustaceans than fish, suggesting that less frequent eDNA production owing to their external morphology and physiology may impede accurate estimation of their abundance via eDNA. Moreover, R2 values were positively associated with filter pore size, indicating that selective collection of larger-sized eDNA, which is typically fresher, could improve the estimation accuracy of species abundance. Furthermore, R2 values were significantly lower for natural than laboratory conditions, while there was no difference in the estimation accuracy among natural environments. Our findings shed a new light on the importance of what characteristics of eDNA should be targeted for more accurate estimation of species abundance. Further empirical studies are required to validate our findings and fully elucidate the relationship between eDNA characteristics and eDNA-based abundance estimation.

scholarly journals The effects of acoustic misclassification on cetacean species abundance estimation

2013 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 2469-2476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolaine Caillat ◽  
Len Thomas ◽  
Douglas Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundance Estimation ◽  
Cetacean Species

The Influence of the Entrepreneur's Open Innovation Strategy on Firm Performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 522-546
Author(s):  
Samwel Macharia Chege ◽  
Daoping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Internal Capabilities ◽  
Main Factors

This article helps identify the main factors influencing the performance of small and medium agribusiness enterprises in Kenya. The study proposes five research hypotheses, each tested on a sample of 150 agribusiness enterprises using multiple regression analysis. The results show that the use of external partners, such as scientific research establishments and commercial consultants, influences the firm's performance. This influence is moderated by factors like internal capabilities and the firm's degree of openness to innovation.

scholarly journals Ecological studies of mayflies (Insecta, Ephemeroptera): Can sampling effort be reduced without losing essential taxonomic and ecological information?

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulie SHIMANO ◽  
Mylena CARDOSO ◽  
Leandro JUEN
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Group A ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Laboratory Time

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the potential for the reduction of sampling effort in studies of ephemeropteran nymphs in Brazilian Amazon streams, Pará State, Brazil, without the loss of ecological information (species composition, abundance, and richness), and the congruence of different levels of taxonomic resolution (morphospecies, genus, family and functional group). Test groups of 15, 10 and five subsamples were selected from the 20 subsamples collected per stream (40 streams sampled), and were compared in terms of their species richness and abundance (ANOVA), and composition (Procrustes). Taxonomic resolution was also analyzed in Procrustes. Species abundance (F(3, 156) = 25.426; p < 0.001) and richness (F(3, 156) = 13.866, p < 0.001) varied significantly among sample groups, while the results of the 15-S group were statistically similar, in both cases, to those of the 20-S group. A similar pattern was found for species composition. The genus-level taxonomic resolution produced results 99% similar to those found for the species-level data. The results indicate that the reduction in sampling effort from 20 to 15 subsamples per site and a genus-level taxonomic resolution would not affect the reliability of analyses significantly. A reduction of five samples per site would result in a decrease of effort in the field and the amount of material to be processed, reducing laboratory time. In addition to a reduction in the time and resources needed to identify specimens, the adoption of a genus-level taxonomic resolution could help minimize errors of under- or over-estimation in the processing of the results.

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH BEHAVIORS OF KOREAN OLDER ADULTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S843-S843
Author(s):  
So Young Shin ◽  
Ji Mi Mun
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medication Intake ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of disease-related knowledge, depression, and family support on health behaviors of older patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: The subjects were 139 older patients with coronary artery disease who had visited the internal medicine outpatient clinic at one general hospital located in metropolitan city B, Korea. A set of self-reported questionnaire was administered to assess general characteristics, disease-related knowledge, depression, family support, and health behaviors of the subjects. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the subjects was 70.86 (±4.70) years. Health behaviors of the subjects had significant negative correlations with disease-related knowledge (r=-.17, p=.050) and depression (r=-.32, p&lt;.001) while having a significant positive correlation with family support (r=.67, p&lt;.001). In the final multiple regression analysis, factors influencing health behaviors of subjects were medication intake status (β=-.17, p=.009), depression (β=-.15, p=.017) and family support (β=.61, p&lt;.001). The explanatory power of the subjects’ medication intake status, disease-related knowledge, depression and family support on health behaviors was 48.9% (F=33.97, p&lt;.001). Conclusion: Medication intake status, depression, and family support had significant influences on health behaviors of older patients with coronary artery disease. Improvements in medication intake, depression, and family support for older patients with coronary artery disease may be beneficial for their health behaviors, and ultimately, have a positive effect on their recovery from the disease and well-being.

Factors influencing detection probabilities of frogs in the monsoonal tropics of northern Australia: implications for the design of monitoring studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Dostine ◽  
S. J. Reynolds ◽  
A. D. Griffiths ◽  
G. R. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Detection Probability ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Detection Probabilities ◽  
High Detection ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
A Site

Context Failure to acknowledge potential bias from imperfect detection of cryptic organisms such as frogs may compromise survey and monitoring programmes targeting these species. Aims The aims of the present study were to identify proximate factors influencing detection probabilities of a range of frog species in monsoonal northern Australia, and to estimate the number of repeat censuses required at a site to have confidence that non-detected species are absent. Methods Data on detection or non-detection of frog species based on calling individuals were recorded during 10 wet-season censuses of 29 survey sites in the Darwin region. Factors influencing detection probabilities were identified using occupancy models; model selection was based on the Akaike information criterion. Sampling effort for individual species was calculated using model predictions at different stages of the wet season. Key results The covariate water temperature featured in the best-supported models for 7 of the 14 frog species. Six of these species were more likely to be detected when water temperatures were below 30°C. Detection probabilities were also correlated with the number of days since the commencement of the wet season, time since last significant rainfall, air temperature and time after sunset. Required sampling effort for individual species varied throughout the wet season. For example, a minimum of two repeat censuses was required for detection of Litoria caerulea in the early wet season, but this number increased to 13 in the middle stage of the wet season. Conclusions Variability in environmental conditions throughout the wet season leads to variability in detection probabilities of frog species in northern Australia. Lower water temperatures, mediated by rainfall immediately before or during surveys, enhances detectability of a range of species. For most species, three repeat surveys under conditions resulting in a high detection probability are sufficient to determine presence at a site. Implications Survey and monitoring programmes for frogs in tropical northern Australia will benefit from the results of the present study by allowing targeting of conditions of high detection probability for individual species, and by incorporating sufficient repeat censuses to provide accurate assessment of the status of individual species at a site.

Factors influencing the infant mortality rate in Sri Lanka

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallas F. S. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Female Employees

SummaryThis study examines by multiple regression analysis the factors influencing district variation in infant mortality rate in Sri Lanka in a given year (1971). It shows that 83% of the district variation is explained by differences in the proportion of the population that is Indian Tamil, the proportion of female employees, and the proportion of females aged 15–19 with at least 5 years of education.

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