Abstract 3702: Anemia as an Independent Predictor of Perioperative and Long Term Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients Scheduled for Elective Vascular Surgery

BACKGROUND: Anemia has been shown to be an independent risk factor for adverse cardiac outcome in various populations. This study evaluated the predictive value of anemia in patients scheduled for elective vascular surgery. METHODS: In total, 1211 patients (76% male, age 68 ± 11 yrs) were enrolled. Anemia was defined as serum hemoglobin < 13 g/dL for men and < 12 g/dL for women, as defined by WHO. Anemia was divided into tertiles to compare mild, moderate and severe anemia with non-anemic patients. Outcome measures were 30-day and 5-year cardiac events (CE) (cardiac death or myocardial infarction). Mean follow up was 3.4 ± 3.2 years. Multivariable linear and Cox regression analysis was used, adjusting for age, sex, type of surgery and baseline characteristics, including angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, diabetes and renal failure. Data are presented as HRs, with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: In total, 74 (6%) patients experienced a 30-day CE and 199 (16%) a 5-year CE. Anemia was present in 399 (33%) patients, of which 133 were mild, 133 moderate, and 133 severe anemia. The presence of anemia was associated with renal failure, diabetes and heart failure. CE free survival at 30 days and 5 years was worse for patients with anemia (Figure ). After adjustment for all clinical risk factors, the 30-day HRs for a CE per anemia group were; mild 1.8, 1.0 – 4.1, moderate 2.9, 1.4 – 6.2, and severe 7.6, 4.1–13.1, and 5-year HRs for CE per anemia group were; mild 2.2, 1.3–3.8, moderate 3.6, 2.4 –5.6, and severe 6.6, 4.6 –9.6. CONCLUSION: The presence and severity of preoperative anemia are significant predictors of 30-day and 5-year cardiac events in patients undergoing elective vascular surgery.

Download Full-text

Abstract 3246: Skeletonization of Internal Thoracic Arteries: Is it Safe in Long-term?

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.116.suppl_16.ii_730-a ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽

Author(s):

Arnaud Mommerot ◽

Raymond Cartier

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Wound Infection Rate ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Term Survival ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Opcab Surgery

Background: Skeletonization of internal thoracic arteries (ITA) is a popular technique in OPCAB surgery to increase length of arterial conduit and feasibility of «No-touch» revascularization. Impact of skeletonized (SK) ITA on long-term survival and cardiac events is not clearly defined. Methods: We reviewed 1000 consecutive patients having undergone OPCAB surgery at the Montreal Heart Institute, between September 1996 and March 2004 that were prospectively recorded in an OPCAB database. Among them, 994 had at least one ITA bypass. Results: Skeletonized ITA was used in 558 patients (56.1%). SK patients were older (p=0.045), had significantly more risk factors [dyslipidemia (p<0.001), hypertension (p<0.001), obesity (p=0.002)]. Preoperative Parsonnet score was not different between SK and non-SK groups. Use of bilateral ITA (p<0.001) and sequential grafting (p<0.001) were more frequent in SK group (36.6% vs 25.7% and 29.9% vs 0.7%, respectively). Operative mortality was similar (SK: 1.8% vs non-SK: 1.6%; p=0.82). Sternal wound infection rate was similar, but dehiscence rate was higher in the PD group (p=0.03). Hospital (p=0.27) and ICU (p=0.09) length of stay were similar in both groups. Overall 7-year survival was 83±2% in SK group and 80±2% in non-SK group (p=0.84). Long-term freedom from major adverse cardiac events was also similar between SK and non-SK groups (83±2% and 82±2%, respectively, p=0.4). Late rate rehospitalization for heart failure or revascularization (CABG or PCI) was similar for both groups. However, 7-year freedom from myocardial infarction was significantly better for non-SK group (p=0.04). By Cox regression analysis, COPD, cardiac heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, emergency and completeness of revascularization were independent predictors of late mortality whereas diabetes, skeletonization and the number of grafts by territory of revascularization were independent predictors of late myocardial infarction. Conclusion: ITA has no influence in long-term survival or major cardiac events in an all comer OPCAB population. However, SK and diabetes were predictors of late incidence of myocardial infarction. Thus, a word of caution should be made about skeletonization of the ITA in diabetic population.

Download Full-text

Predicting long-term cardiovascular outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction using soluble ST2

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci-2019-0062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Mustafa Umut Somuncu ◽

Belma Kalayci ◽

Ahmet Avci ◽

Tunahan Akgun ◽

Huseyin Karakurt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Cox Regression ◽

High Serum ◽

Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽

Lower Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Killip Class ◽

Target Vessel Revascularization

AbstractBackgroundThe increase in soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) both in the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure is well established; however, existing data regarding sST2 values as the prognostic marker after myocardial infarction (MI) are limited and have been conflicting. This study aimed to assess the clinical significance of sST2 in predicting 1-year adverse cardiovascular (CV) events in MI patients.Materials and methodsIn this prospective study, 380 MI patients were included. Participants were grouped into low sST2 (n = 264, mean age: 60.0 ± 12.1 years) and high sST2 groups (n = 116, mean age: 60.5 ± 11.6 years), and all study populations were followed up for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) which are composed of CV mortality, target vessel revascularization (TVR), non-fatal reinfarction, stroke and heart failure.ResultsDuring a 12-month follow-up, 68 (17.8%) patients had MACE. CV mortality and heart failure were significantly higher in the high sST2 group compared to the low sST2 group (15.5% vs. 4.9%, p = 0.001 and 8.6% vs. 3.4% p = 0.032, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis concluded that high serum sST2 independently predicted 1-year CV mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 2.263, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.124–4.557, p = 0.022)]. Besides, older age, Killip class >1, left anterior descending (LAD) as the culprit artery and lower systolic blood pressure were the other independent risk factors for 1-year CV mortality.ConclusionsHigh sST2 levels are an important predictor of MACE, including CV mortality and heart failure in a 1-year follow-up period in MI patients.

Download Full-text

566 Myocardial left ventricular mechanical uniformity and adverse cardiac events following myocardial infarction

European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging ◽

10.1093/ehjci/jez319.296 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

T Stiermaier ◽

S J Backhaus ◽

T Lange ◽

A Koschalka ◽

J L Navarra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Ejection ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Prognostic Information ◽

Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Multicenter Observational Study ◽

Adverse Cardiac Events

Abstract Background Despite limitations as a standalone parameter, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the preferred measure of myocardial function and marker for post-infarction risk stratification. LV myocardial uniformity may provide superior prognostic information after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which was subject of this study. Methods and Results: Consecutive patients with AMI (n = 1082; median age 63 years; 75% male) undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in median 3 days after infarction were included in this multicenter, observational study. Circumferential and radial uniformity ratio estimates (CURE and RURE) were derived from CMR feature-tracking as markers of mechanical uniformity (values between 0 and 1 with 1 reflecting perfect uniformity). The clinical endpoint was the 12-month rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), consisting of all-cause death, re-infarction, and new congestive heart failure. Patients with MACE (n = 73) had significantly impaired CURE [0.76 (IQR 0.67-0.86) versus 0.84 (IQR 0.76-0.89); p < 0.001] and RURE [0.69 (IQR 0.60-0.79) versus 0.76 (IQR 0.67-0.83); p < 0.001] compared to patients without events. While uniformity estimates did not provide independent prognostic information in the overall cohort, CURE below the median of 0.84 emerged as an independent predictor of outcome in post-infarction patients with LVEF >35% (n = 959) even after adjustment for established prognostic markers (hazard ratio 1.99; 95% confidence interval 1.06-3.74; p = 0.033 in stepwise multivariable Cox regression analysis). In contrast, LVEF was not associated with adverse events in this subgroup of AMI patients. Conclusions CMR-derived estimates of mechanical uniformity are novel markers for risk assessment after AMI and CURE provides independent prognostic information in patients with preserved or only moderately reduced LVEF.

Download Full-text

Plasma IL-37 Elevated in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Predicted Major Adverse Cardiac Events: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2017/9134079 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xiling Shou ◽

Jing Lin ◽

Cui Xie ◽

Yi Wang ◽

Chaofeng Sun

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Chronic Heart Failure ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Major Adverse Cardiac Events ◽

Left Ventricular Ejection ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Adverse Cardiac Events

A great number of basic and clinical studies have demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the development and progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). However, there is limited information about the role of novel cytokine interleukin-37 (IL-37) in heart failure. We measured plasma IL-37 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 158 patients with chronic heart failure and 30 control subjects. Our results showed that plasma IL-37 levels were significantly elevated in patients with CHF compared with healthy controls (143.73 ± 26.83 pg/ml versus 45.2 ± 11.56 pg/ml,P<0.001). Furthermore, plasma IL-37 levels were positively correlated with hs-CRP, hs-TnT, and NT-proBNP and negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection function (LVEF). 11 patients died of cardiovascular cause, and 27 HF patients were rehospitalized for worsening HF within 12 months. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that plasma IL-37 is an independent predictor of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Furthermore, CHF patients with >99 pg/ml plasma IL-37 had significantly higher incidences of MACE within 12 months. Our data suggest that plasma IL-37 may play a role in the pathogenesis of CHF and may be a novel predictor of poor prognosis in HF patients.

Download Full-text

Usefulness of NT-proBNP in the Follow-Up of Patients after Myocardial Infarction

Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/jomb-2016-0003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 158-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mina Radosavljevic-Radovanovic ◽

Nebojsa Radovanovic ◽

Zorana Vasiljevic ◽

Jelena Marinkovic ◽

Predrag Mitrovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Clinical Chemistry ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Cut Points ◽

One Year

SummaryBackground:Since serial analyses of NT-proBNP in patients with acute coronary syndromes have shown that levels measured during a chronic, later phase are a better predictor of prognosis and indicator of left ventricular function than the levels measured during an acute phase, we sought to assess the association of NT-proBNP, measured 6 months after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with traditional risk factors, characteristics of in-hospital and early postinfarction course, as well as its prognostic value and optimal cut-points in the ensuing 1-year follow-up.Methods:Fasting venous blood samples were drawn from 100 ambulatory patients and NT-proBNP concentrations in lithium-heparin plasma were determined using a one-step enzyme immunoassay based on the »sandwich« principle on a Dimension RxL clinical chemistry system (DADE Behring-Siemens). Patients were followed-up for the next 1 year, for the occurrence of new cardiac events.Results:Median (IQR) level of NT-proBNP was 521 (335–1095) pg/mL. Highest values were mostly associated with cardiac events during the first 6 months after AMI. Negative association with reperfusion therapy for index infarction confirmed its long-term beneficial effect. In the next one-year follow-up of stable patients, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed the independent prognostic value of NT-proBNP for new-onset heart failure prediction (p=0.014), as well as for new coronary events prediction (p=0.035). Calculation of the AUCs revealed the optimal NT-proBNP cut-points of 800 pg/mL and 516 pg/mL, respectively.Conclusions:NT-proBNP values 6 months after AMI are mainly associated with the characteristics of early infarction and postinfarction course and can predict new cardiac events in the next one-year follow-up.

Download Full-text

Influence of Waist-to-Hip Ratio on the Prognosis of Heart Failure Patients With Revascularized Coronary Heart Disease

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.3389/fcvm.2021.732200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yingyue Zhang ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

Yajun Shi ◽

Wei Dong ◽

Yang Mu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Waist To Hip Ratio

Background: Heart failure (HF) is considered one of the most common complications of coronary heart disease (CHD), with a higher incidence of readmission and mortality. Thus, exploring the risk factors related to the prognosis is necessary. Moreover, the effect of the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) on HF patients with revascularized CHD is still unclear. Thus, we aimed to assess the influence of WHR on the prognosis of HF patients with revascularized CHD.Methods: We collected data of HF patients with revascularized CHD who were referred to the Cardiac Rehabilitation Clinic of PLA Hospital from June 30, 2015, to June 30, 2019. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between WHR and prognosis of HF patients with revascularized CHD. Patients were divided into higher and lower WHR groups based on the cutoff WHR value calculated by the X-tile software. Cox regression analysis was used to analysis the two groups. We drew the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of WHR and analyzed the differences between the two groups. Endpoints were defined as major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (including all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, unscheduled revascularization, and stroke).Results: During the median follow-up of 39 months and maximum follow-up of 54 months, 109 patients were enrolled, of which 91.7% were males, and the mean age was 56.0 ± 10.4 years. WHR was associated with the incidence of MACE in the Cox regression analysis (p = 0.001); an increase in WHR of 0.01 unit had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.134 (95%CI: 1.057–1.216). The WHR cutoff value was 0.93. Patients in the higher WHR group had a significantly higher risk of MACE than those in the lower WHR group (HR = 7.037, 95%CI: 1.758–28.168). The ROC area under the curve was 0.733 at 4 years. Patients in the higher WHR group had a higher body mass index (BMI; 26.7 ± 3.5 vs. 25.4 ± 2.4, P = 0.033) than patients in the lower WHR group.Conclusions: WHR is an independent risk factor of the long-term prognosis of Chinese HF patients with revascularized CHD. Patients with WHR ≥ 0.93 require intensified treatment. Higher WHR is related to higher BMI and ΔVO2/ΔWR.

Download Full-text

The association between plasma furin and cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41696/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhi-wei Liu ◽

Qiang Ma ◽

Jie Liu ◽

Jing-Wei Li ◽

Yun-Dai Chen

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Critical Role ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Atheromatous Plaques ◽

Key Enzyme

Abstract Background: Furin is the key enzyme to cleave pro-BNP and plays a critical role in the cardiovascular system through its involvement in the lipid metabolism, blood pressure and formation of atheromatous plaques. NT-proBNP and recently corin, which is also a key enzyme to cleave pro-BNP, have been approved as predictors of prognosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We here conducted this cohort study to investigate the relationship between plasma furin and the prognosis outcome in patients after AMI. Methods: We enrolled 1100 AMI patients and measured their plasma furin concentration. The primary endpoint was the major adverse cardiac events (MACE), a composite of cardiovascular (CV) death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke. The association of plasma furin concentration with AMI outcomes was explored by using Kaplan–Meier curve and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: Our results showed that slight increase of mean cTNT in patients with higher furin concentration (P=0.016). Over a median follow-up of 31 months, multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that plasma furin was not associated with MACE (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.93-1.06; P=0.807) after adjustment for potential conventional risk factors. However, plasma furin was associated with non-fatal MI (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.17; P=0.022) after fully adjustment. Subgroup analysis indicated no relationship between plasma furin and MACE in different subgroup populations.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that plasma furin was not associated with risk of MACE and may not be used as a predictor of poor prognosis after AMI. But higher levels of plasma furin may be associated with higher risk of non-fatal MI.

Download Full-text

The association between plasma furin and cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-021-02029-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhi-Wei Liu ◽

Qiang Ma ◽

Jie Liu ◽

Jing-Wei Li ◽

Yun-Dai Chen

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Critical Role ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Atheromatous Plaques ◽

Key Enzyme

Abstract Background Furin is the key enzyme involved in the cleavage of pro-BNP and plays a critical role in the cardiovascular system through its involvement in lipid metabolism, blood pressure regulation and the formation of atheromatous plaques. NT-proBNP and recently, corin, also a key enzyme in the cleavage of pro-BNP, have been accepted as predictors of prognosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This cohort study was conducted to investigate the relationship between plasma furin and the prognostic outcomes of AMI patients. Methods In total, 1100 AMI patients were enrolled in the study and their plasma furin concentrations were measured. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), a composite of cardiovascular (CV) death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and non-fatal stroke. The associations between plasma furin concentration and AMI outcomes were explored using Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results The results showed a slight increase in mean cTNT in patients with higher furin concentrations (P = 0.016). Over a median follow-up of 31 months, multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that plasma furin was not significantly associated with MACE (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.93–1.06; P = 0.807) after adjustment for potential conventional risk factors. However, plasma furin was associated with non-fatal MI (HR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01–1.17; P = 0.022) in the fully adjusted model. Subgroup analyses indicated no relationship between plasma furin and MACE in different subgroups. Conclusions This study found no association between plasma furin and risk of MACE. Thus, plasma furin may not be a useful predictor of poor prognosis after AMI. However, higher levels of plasma furin may be associated with a higher risk of recurrent non-fatal MI.

Download Full-text

Higher risk of major adverse cardiac events after acute myocardial infarction in patients with schizophrenia

Open Heart ◽

10.1136/openhrt-2020-001286 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. e001286

Author(s):

Rubina Attar ◽

Axel Wester ◽

Sasha Koul ◽

Svend Eggert ◽

Christoffer Polcwiartek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Major Adverse Cardiac Events ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

High Risk Population ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Adverse Cardiac Events ◽

All Cause Mortality

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia are a high-risk population due to higher prevalences of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities that contribute to shorter life expectancy.PurposeTo investigate patients with and without schizophrenia experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in relation to guideline recommended in-hospital management, discharge medications and 5-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE: composite of all-cause mortality, rehospitalisation for reinfarction, stroke or heart failure).MethodsAll patients with schizophrenia who experienced AMI during 2000–2018 were identified (n=1008) from the nationwide Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies registry and compared with AMI patients without schizophrenia (n=2 85 325). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariable Cox regression models were used to compare the populations.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia presented with AMI approximately 10 years earlier (median age 64 vs 73 years), and had higher prevalences of diabetes, heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. They were less likely to be invasively investigated or discharged with aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitors, ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-blockers and statins (all p<0.005). AMI patients with schizophrenia had higher adjusted risk of MACE (aHR=2.05, 95% CI 1.63 to 2.58), mortality (aHR=2.38, 95% CI 1.84 to 3.09) and hospitalisation for heart failure (aHR=1.39, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.86) compared with AMI patients without schizophrenia.ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia experienced an AMI almost 10 years earlier than patients without schizophrenia. They less often underwent invasive procedures and were less likely to be treated with guideline recommended medications at discharge, and had more than doubled risk of MACE and all-cause mortality. Improved primary and secondary preventive measures, including adherence to guideline recommendations, are warranted and may improve outcome.

Download Full-text

The Association Between Plasma Furin and Cardiovascular Events After Acute Myocardial Infarction

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41696/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhi-wei Liu ◽

Qiang Ma ◽

Jie Liu ◽

Jing-Wei Li ◽

Yun-Dai Chen

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Critical Role ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Atheromatous Plaques ◽

Key Enzyme

Abstract Background: Furin is the key enzyme to cleave pro-BNP, and plays a critical role in the cardiovascular system through its involvement in the lipid metabolism, blood pressure and formation of atheromatous plaques. NT-proBNP and recently corin, which is also a key enzyme to cleave pro-BNP, have been approved as predictors of prognosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We here conducted this prospective cohort study to investigate the relationship between plasma furin and the prognosis outcome in patients after AMI. Methods: We enrolled 1100 AMI patients and measured their plasma furin concentration. The primary endpoint was the major adverse cardiac events (MACE), a composite of cardiovascular (CV) death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke. The association of plasma furin concentration with AMI outcomes was explored by using Kaplan–Meier curve and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: Our results showed that slight increase of mean cTNT in patients with higher furin concentration (P=0.016). Over a median follow-up of 31 months, multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that plasma furin was not associated with MACE (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.93-1.06; P=0.807) after adjustment for potential conventional risk factors. However, plasma furin was associated with non-fatal MI (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.17; P=0.022) after fully adjustment. Subgroup analysis indicated no relationship between plasma furin and MACE in different subgroup populations.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that plasma furin was not associated with risk of MACE and may not be used as a predictor of poor prognosis after AMI. But higher levels of plasma furin may be associated with higher risk of non-fatal MI, future studies are needed to verify this.

Download Full-text