Abstract 046: Longitudinal Associations of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Plasma Phospholipid Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids With Dementia in Older Adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia C de Oliveira Otto ◽  
Jason H Wu ◽  
Evan L Thacker ◽  
Heidi Lai ◽  
Rozenn N Lemaitre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Longitudinal Associations

scholarly journals Circulating Omega‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Subclinical Brain Abnormalities on MRI in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyrki K. Virtanen ◽  
David S. Siscovick ◽  
Rozenn N. Lemaitre ◽  
William T. Longstreth ◽  
Donna Spiegelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Brain Abnormalities

Abstract P145: Circulating and Dietary Trans-Fatty Acids and Incident Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianyi Wang ◽  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
Wenjie Ma ◽  
Rozenn N Lemaitre ◽  
Irena B King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study

Background: While trans-fatty acids (TFA) influence CHD, their effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are not established, with mixed findings of experimental, short-term intervention, and observational studies. Effects may vary depending on specific TFA subtype or method of assessment (circulating biomarkers vs. diet). Objectives: To examine prospective associations of circulating and estimated dietary TFA with risk of incident DM in older adults. Methods: Plasma phospholipid trans-(t-)16:1n9, total t-18:1, and cis/trans-(c/t-), t/c- and t/t-18:2(n6,9) were measured in blood stored among 3,076 adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), aged 74±5y and free of prevalent DM in 1992. Dietary TFA was estimated among 4,246 adults free of prevalent DM when dietary questionnaires were initially administered in 1989 (n=3,917) or in 1996 (n=329). Incident DM up to 2009 was defined as new use of insulin or hypoglycemic drugs, fasting glucose≥126 mg/dL, nonfasting glucose≥200 mg/dL, or 2-hour post-challenge glucose≥200 mg/dL. The relative risk of incident DM associated with each TFA subtype was assessed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Levels of each circulating TFA subtype varied from 2.00±0.73 (% of fatty acids) for t-18:1 to 0.05±0.02 for t/t-18:2. TFA subtypes were moderately to highly intercorrelated (r=0.4 to 0.8), except for t/t-18:2 which weakly correlated with all other TFAs (r<0.1). During 30,927 person-years, 364 DM cases occurred among participants with plasma phospholipid TFA measures. Adjusting for demographics, lifestyle factors, and medical history, lower DM risk was associated with higher levels of t-16:1n9 (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1 HR=0.76, p trend=0.03), total t-18:1 (HR=0.71, p trend=0.02) and t/t-18:2 (HR=0.73, p trend=0.04). However, further mutual adjustment for the different TFA subtypes attenuated these inverse associations, and none of the 5 circulating TFA biomarkers were independently related to incident DM (p trend≥0.14 for all). During 50,508 person-years in the dietary analyses, 453 DM cases occurred. Adjusting for demographics, lifestyle, medical history, and other dietary habits, increased DM risk was observed among participants with higher consumption of total TFA (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1 HR=1.40, p trend=0.04) and t-18:2 (HR=1.49, p trend=0.006), and t-18:1 consumption (HR=1.32, p trend=0.08), although the latter was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Plasma phospholipid TFA subtypes were not associated, whereas dietary total TFA and t-18:2 were positively associated, with incident DM among older adults. These findings highlight the need to understand how dietary TFA may influence DM and why associations may differ for circulating versus dietary TFAs.

scholarly journals n-3 Fatty acids and risk for fatal coronary disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Harris ◽  
Francis B. Zotor
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Omega 3

The purpose of this review is to consider the effects of the long-chain n-3 fatty acids found in marine foods, EPA and DHA, on risk for CVD, particularly fatal outcomes. It will examine both epidemiological and randomised controlled trial findings. The former studies usually examine associations between the dietary intake or the blood levels of EPA + DHA and CVD outcomes or, on occasion, total mortality. For example, our studies in the Framingham Heart Study and in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study have demonstrated significant inverse relations between erythrocyte EPA + DHA levels (i.e. the Omega-3 Index) and total mortality. Recent data from the Cardiovascular Health Study reported the same relations between plasma phospholipid n-3 levels and overall healthy ageing. As regards randomised trials, studies in the 1990s and early 2000s were generally supportive of a cardiovascular benefit for fish oils (which contain EPA + DHA), but later trials were generally not able to duplicate these findings, at least for total CVD events. However, when restricted to effects on risk for fatal events, meta-analyses have shown consistent benefits for n-3 treatment. Taken together, the evidence is strong for a cardioprotective effect of EPA + DHA, especially when consumed in sufficient amounts to raise blood levels into healthy ranges. Establishing target EPA + DHA intakes to reduce risk for cardiovascular death is a high priority.

Abstract 20: Circulating Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality: the Cardiovascular Health Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason H Wu ◽  
Rozenn Lemaitre ◽  
Irena King ◽  
Xiaoling Song ◽  
David Siscovick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Omega 6

Background: While omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) have been recommended to reduce CHD, controversy remains about benefits vs. harms, including depending on types of n-6 PUFA and diseases examined. Aims: To assess associations of circulating n-6 PUFA including linoleic acid (LA, the major dietary PUFA), Γ-linoleic acid (GLA), dihomo-Γ-linoleic acid (DGLA), and arachidonic acid (AA),with incident total and cause-specific mortality in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), a community-based US cohort. Methods: Among 2,692 participants age≥65y and free of CVD at baseline, plasma phospholipid n-6 PUFA were measured at baseline using standardized methods. All-cause and cause-specific mortality, and total (fatal or nonfatal) incident CHD and stroke, were assessed and adjudicated centrally. Associations of PUFA biomarkers with risk were assessed by multivariable Cox regression. Results: During 33,091 person-years of follow-up (1992-2010), 1920 deaths occurred (including 660 cardiovascular deaths), as well as 414 fatal and 410 nonfatal CHD events, and 150 fatal and 384 nonfatal strokes. In multivariable models, higher LA was associated with lower risk of total mortality, with extreme quintile HR 0.84 (95% CI 0.71-0.98, P- trend 0.002). Lower death was largely attributable to CVD rather than non-CVD causes, especially nonarhythmic CHD mortality (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.31-0.80, P- trend 0.001). Phospholipid GLA, DGLA, and AA levels were not associated with total or cause-specific mortality; e.g., for AA and CHD death, the extreme quintile HR was 0.98 (95% CI 0.71-1.37, P- trend 0.72). Evaluated semi-parametrically, LA showed graded (monotonic) inverse associations with total mortality ( Figure 1A ). There was little evidence that associations of n-6 PUFA with total mortality varied by age, sex, race, or plasma n-3 PUFA (Bonferroni corrected P =NS, Figure 1B ). Conclusion: Higher circulating LA, but not other n-6 PUFA, is inversely associated with total and CHD mortality in older adults.

scholarly journals Plasma phospholipid very-long-chain saturated fatty acids and incident diabetes in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 1047-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozenn N Lemaitre ◽  
Amanda M Fretts ◽  
Colleen M Sitlani ◽  
Mary L Biggs ◽  
Kenneth Mukamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Long Chain
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