Abstract 665: Cryofluorescence 3D Imaging Shows Mutation of p67phox Improves Metabolic Function and Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Renal Medulla of the Dahl Salt-sensitive Rat

Hypertension ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen W Cowley ◽  
Fahimeh Salehpour ◽  
Chun Yang ◽  
Theresa Kurth ◽  
Mahsa Ranji
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Electron Transport Chain ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat exhibits increased renal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) especially in the renal outer medulla (OM) which is known to contribute importantly to the salt-induced hypertension. We have identified increased expression of the p67 phox cytosolic subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase and enhanced enzyme activity in the OM of Dahl salt-sensitive (SS). We found that ZFN knock down of the NADPH-oxidase cytosolic subunit p67 phox in SS rats (SS p67phox-/- ) resulted in a 40% reduction of hypertension and a substantial reduction of renal injury. To determine whether these protective effects were associated with alterations of regional metabolism and oxidative stress, a custom designed cryoimager was used to acquire multi-channel fluorescent images of sequential serial sections with a z-resolution of 30 μm yielding 400 slices per kidney. Computer reconstruction of the stacked sections provided a 3D image of regional changes of metabolic function and oxidative stress within the kidney. Kidneys obtained from SS and SS p67phox-/- rats fed a high salt diet (4% NaCl) for 21 days were flash frozen in liquid N 2 and fluorescent images of the mitochondrial electron transport chain carriers NADH and FAD were acquired. The naturally fluorescent NADH and FAD levels were acquired to provide a 3D representation of the metabolic state of the tissue and oxidative stress. The mean NADH redox ratio (NADH/FAD RR) was significantly higher in kidneys of SS p67phox-/- rats (1.46 ± 0.11 NADH/FAD RR; n=7) compared to SS kidneys (1.00 ± 0.07 NADH/FAD RR; n=4). This represents an average 46% increase in the electron transport chain metabolic activity and a reduction of oxidative stress in kidneys of SS p67phox-/- rats compared to the SS kidneys. Importantly, this was observed only in the region of the renal medulla as revealed by the 3D images of these kidneys. We conclude that p67(phox) is critically involved in cell energetics and ROS production in the renal medulla.

Alterations of mitochondrial electron transport chain and oxidative stress induced by alkaloid-like α-aminonitriles on Aedes aegypti larvae

2018 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra A. Borrero Landazabal ◽  
Aurora L. Carreño Otero ◽  
Vladimir V. Kouznetsov ◽  
Jonny E. Duque Luna ◽  
Stelia C. Mendez-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Electron Transport Chain ◽  
Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Effects of Propranolol on Growth, Lipids and Energy Metabolism and Oxidative Stress Response of Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Bernardo Duarte ◽  
Eduardo Feijão ◽  
Ricardo Cruz de Carvalho ◽  
Irina A. Duarte ◽  
Marisa Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Electron Transport Chain ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Oxygen Production ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Adrenoceptor Blocker ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Present demographic trends suggest a rise in the contributions of human pharmaceuticals into coastal ecosystems, underpinning an increasing demand to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects and implications of drug residues in marine risk assessments. Propranolol, a non-selective β-adrenoceptor blocker, is used worldwide to treat high blood pressure conditions and other related cardiovascular conditions. Although diatoms lack β-adrenoceptors, this microalgal group presents receptor-like kinases and proteins with a functional analogy to the animal receptors and that can be targeted by propranolol. In the present work, the authors evaluated the effect of this non-selective β-adrenoceptor blocker in diatom cells using P. tricornutum as a model organism, to evaluate the potential effect of this compound in cell physiology (growth, lipids and energy metabolism and oxidative stress) and its potential relevance for marine ecosystems. Propranolol exposure leads to a significant reduction in diatom cell growth, more evident in the highest concentrations tested. This is likely due to the observed impairment of the main primary photochemistry processes and the enhancement of the mitochondrial respiratory activity. More specifically, propranolol decreased the energy transduction from photosystem II (PSII) to the electron transport chain, leading to an increase in oxidative stress levels. Cells exposed to propranolol also exhibited high-dissipated energy flux, indicating that this excessive energy is efficiently diverted, to some extent, from the photosystems, acting to prevent irreversible photoinhibition. As energy production is impaired at the PSII donor side, preventing energy production through the electron transport chain, diatoms appear to be consuming storage lipids as an energy backup system, to maintain essential cellular functions. This consumption will be attained by an increase in respiratory activity. Considering the primary oxygen production and consumption pathways, propranolol showed a significant reduction of the autotrophic O2 production and an increase in the heterotrophic mitochondrial respiration. Both mechanisms can have negative effects on marine trophic webs, due to a decrease in the energetic input from marine primary producers and a simultaneous oxygen production decrease for heterotrophic species. In ecotoxicological terms, bio-optical and fatty acid data appear as highly efficient tools for ecotoxicity assessment, with an overall high degree of classification when these traits are used to build a toxicological profile, instead of individually assessed.

Protective effects of dietary avocado oil on impaired electron transport chain function and exacerbated oxidative stress in liver mitochondria from diabetic rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Ortiz-Avila ◽  
Marco Alonso Gallegos-Corona ◽  
Luis Alberto Sánchez-Briones ◽  
Elizabeth Calderón-Cortés ◽  
Rocío Montoya-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Electron Transport Chain ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Avocado Oil ◽  
Transport Chain

scholarly journals Heme Oxygenase-1 Supports Mitochondrial Energy Production and Electron Transport Chain Activity in Cultured Lung Epithelial Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6941
Author(s):  
Jennifer F. Carr ◽  
David Garcia ◽  
Alejandro Scaffa ◽  
Abigail L. Peterson ◽  
Andrew J. Ghio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Electron Transport Chain ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Heme Iron ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Transport Chain

Heme oxygenase-1 is induced by many cellular stressors and catalyzes the breakdown of heme to generate carbon monoxide and bilirubin, which confer cytoprotection. The role of HO-1 likely extends beyond the simple production of antioxidants, for example HO-1 activity has also been implicated in metabolism, but this function remains unclear. Here we used an HO-1 knockout lung cell line to further define the contribution of HO-1 to cellular metabolism. We found that knockout cells exhibit reduced growth and mitochondrial respiration, measured by oxygen consumption rate. Specifically, we found that HO-1 contributed to electron transport chain activity and utilization of certain mitochondrial fuels. Loss of HO-1 had no effect on intracellular non-heme iron concentration or on proteins whose levels and activities depend on available iron. We show that HO-1 supports essential functions of mitochondria, which highlights the protective effects of HO-1 in diverse pathologies and tissue types. Our results suggest that regulation of heme may be an equally significant role of HO-1.

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