scholarly journals Altered Airway Microbiota Composition in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1589-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenting Zhang ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Wenju Lu ◽  
Xin Duan ◽  
Xiaoyun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Linear Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pharyngeal Swab ◽  
Linear Discriminant

Alteration in microbiota composition of respiratory tract has been reported in the progression of many chronic lung diseases, yet, the correlation and causal link between respiratory tract microbiota and the disease development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) remain largely unknown. This study aims to define and compare the respiratory microbiota composition in pharyngeal swab samples between patients with PH and reference subjects. A total of 118 patients with PH and 79 reference subjects were recruited, and the pharyngeal swab samples were collected to sequence the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) V3-V4 region of respiratory microbiome. The relative abundances in patients with PH were profoundly different from reference subjects. The Ace and Sobs indexes indicated that the microbiota richness of pharynx value is significantly higher; while the community diversity value is markedly lower in patients with PH, comparing to those of the reference subjects. The microbiota on pharynx showed a different profile between the 2 groups by principal component analysis. The linear discriminant analysis effect size also revealed a significantly higher proportion of Streptococcus , Lautropia , and Ralstonia in patients with PH than reference subjects. The linear discriminant analysis effect size output, which represents the microbial gene functions, suggest genes related to bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, bacterial toxins were enhanced, while genes related to energy metabolism, protein digestion and absorption, and cell division pathways were attenuated in patients with PH versus reference subjects. In summary, our study reports the first systematic definition and divergent profile of the upper respiratory tract microbiota between patients with PH and reference subjects.

scholarly journals Increased Fecal Lactobacillus Is Associated With a Positive Glucose Hydrogen Breath Test in Bangladeshi Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R Donowitz ◽  
Hardik I Parikh ◽  
Mami Taniuchi ◽  
Carol A Gilchrist ◽  
Rashidul Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Linear Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Breath Test ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Hydrogen Breath Test ◽  
Noninvasive Test ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Breath Testing

Abstract Background Glucose hydrogen breath testing is a noninvasive test for small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). A positive glucose hydrogen breath test is common in children from low-income countries and has been found to be associated with malnutrition as measured by stunted growth. The microbiome associated with positive breath testing is relatively unstudied. Methods We performed 16 S V4 rDNA microbiome analysis on the stool of 90 Bangladeshi children aged 2 years from an impoverished neighborhood who were tested at the same time for SIBO by glucose hydrogen breath testing. Data were analyzed by linear discriminant analysis effect size with SIBO as the outcome. Any selected genera were tested individually by Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test to ensure that linear discriminant analysis effect size results were not outlier-skewed. Results Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis identified Lactobacillus (linear discriminate analysis score, 4.59; P = .03) as over-represented in 15 out of the 90 children who were SIBO positive. Conclusions These results suggest that glucose hydrogen breath test positivity in children from low-income settings may be due to an upper intestinal Lactobacillus bloom, potentially explaining the association of SIBO with the gut damage and inflammation that leads to malnutrition.

scholarly journals Tumor microbial diversity and compositional differences among women in Botswana with high-grade cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1151-1156
Author(s):  
Travis T Sims ◽  
Greyson W G Biegert ◽  
Doreen Ramogola-Masire ◽  
Kebatshabile Ngoni ◽  
Travis Solley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Linear Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Linear Discriminant

IntroductionWe characterized the cervical 16S rDNA microbiome of patients in Botswana with high-grade cervical dysplasia and locally advanced cervical cancer.MethodsThis prospective study included 31 patients: 21 with dysplasia and 10 with cancer. The Shannon diversity index was used to evaluate alpha (intra-sample) diversity, while the UniFrac (weighted and unweighted) and Bray–Curtis distances were employed to evaluate beta (inter-sample) diversity. The relative abundance of microbial taxa was compared among samples using linear discriminant analysis effect size.ResultsAlpha diversity was significantly higher in patients with cervical cancer than in patients with cervical dysplasia (P<0.05). Beta diversity also differed significantly (weighted UniFrac Bray–Curtis, P<0.01). Neither alpha diversity (P=0.8) nor beta diversity (P=0.19) varied by HIV status. The results of linear discriminant analysis effect size demonstrated that multiple taxa differed significantly between patients with cervical dysplasia vs cancer. Lachnospira bacteria (in the Clostridia class) were particularly enriched among cervical dysplasia patients, while Proteobacteria (members of the Firmicutes phyla and the Comamonadaceae family) were enriched in patients with cervical cancer.DiscussionThe results of our study suggest that differences exist in the diversity and composition of the cervical microbiota between patients with cervical dysplasia and patients with cervical cancer in Botswana. Additional studies are warranted to validate these findings and elucidate their clinical significance among women living in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as other regions of the world.

Effect of Topography on Maize Grains Elemental Profile: A Chemometric Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1079-1087
Author(s):  
Jorgelina Z. Heredia ◽  
Carlos A. Moldes ◽  
Raúl A. Gil ◽  
José M. Camiña
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Linear Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Elemental Profile ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Topographic Characteristics

Background: The elemental composition of maize grains depends on the soil, land and environment characteristics where the crop grows. These effects are important to evaluate the availability of nutrients with complex dynamics, such as the concentration of macro and micronutrients in soils, which can vary according to different topographies. There is available scarce information about the influence of topographic characteristics (upland and lowland) where culture is developed with the mineral composition of crop products, in the present case, maize seeds. On the other hand, the study of the topographic effect on crops using multivariate analysis tools has not been reported. Objective: This paper assesses the effect of topographic conditions on plants, analyzing the mineral profiles in maize seeds obtained in two land conditions: uplands and lowlands. Materials and Methods: The mineral profile was studied by microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Samples were collected from lowlands and uplands of cultivable lands of the north-east of La Pampa province, Argentina. Results: Differentiation of maize seeds collected from both topographical areas was achieved by principal components analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). PCA model based on mineral profile allowed to differentiate seeds from upland and lowlands by the influence of Cr and Mg variables. A significant accumulation of Cr and Mg in seeds from lowlands was observed. Cluster analysis confirmed such grouping but also, linear discriminant analysis achieved a correct classification of both the crops, showing the effect of topography on elemental profile. Conclusions: Multi-elemental analysis combined with chemometric tools proved useful to assess the effect of topographic characteristics on crops.

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