scholarly journals Maternal Angiotensin Increases Placental Leptin in Early Gestation via an Alternative Renin-Angiotensin System Pathway

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1723-1736
Author(s):  
Olivia Nonn ◽  
Cornelius Fischer ◽  
Sabrina Geisberger ◽  
Amin El-Heliebi ◽  
Thomas Kroneis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Ras Signaling ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders In Pregnancy ◽  
Ang Iv ◽  
In Pregnancy

Various studies found an association of different renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components with gestational duration and preterm birth, as well as with preeclampsia. Approximately 25% of first-time pregnant women develop a mild to severe hypertension in pregnancy or even preeclampsia. Based on recently published single-cell RNA-sequencing, we hypothesized an alternative RAS function in placenta and furthermore, an implication in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Placental RAS expression and localization was analyzed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction and in situ mRNA padlock probes. Tissue was collected from first-trimester elective termination (n=198), from healthy third-trimester controls (n=54), from early-onset preeclamptic (n=54) and age-matched controls (n=29), as well as first-trimester placentae from women with a high uterine artery resistance index (high-risk for preeclampsia, n=9) and controls (n=8). Serum levels of Ang (angiotensin) I to IV from women before and after conception were measured via mass spectrometry (n=10). Placental explants were cultured in 2.5% oxygen with Ang II, candesartan, and leptin. Seahorse XF96 MitoStress assays assessed trophoblast metabolism. Here, we show that maternal angiotensin acts on placental LNPEP (leucine aminopeptidase), that is, angiotensin IV-receptor and fetal angiotensin on placental AGTR1 (angiotensin II receptor type 1). Maternal circulating RAS shifts towards Ang IV in pregnancy. Ang IV decreases trophoblastic mitochondrial respiration and increases placental leptin via placental LNPEP. Lower placental LNPEP in preeclampsia and in first-trimester patients at high-risk for preeclampsia suggests a new alternative route in maternal RAS signaling and may contribute to hypertension and disease in pregnancy. The study shows how hypertensive disorders in pregnancy may be connected metabolic alterations that finally seem to contribute to the multifactorial disease in pregnancy, preeclampsia.

The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the Angiotensin Pathway as a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Ameliorating Post-Surgical Adhesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha ◽  
Nima Khalili-Tanha ◽  
Seyedeh Elnaz Nazari ◽  
Negin Chaeichi-Tehrani ◽  
Majid Khazaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Ras Signaling ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Surgical Adhesions

Background: Post-surgical adhesion is a common complication after abdominal or pelvic surgeries. Despite improvements in surgical techniques or the application of physical barriers, little improvements have been achieved. It causes bowel obstruction, pelvic pain, and infertility in women and has an adverse effect on the quality of life. Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is traditionally considered as a blood pressure regulator. However, recent studies also indicate that the RAS plays a vital role in other processes, including oxidative stress, fibrosis, proliferation, inflammation, and the wound healing process. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main upstream effector of the RAS that can bind to the AT1 receptor (ATIR). A growing body of evidence has revealed that targeting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs), Angiotensin II type 1 Receptor Blockers (ARBs), and Direct Renin Inhibitors (DRIs) can prevent post-surgical adhesions. Here we provide an overview of the therapeutic effect of RAS antagonists for adhesion. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were reviewed to identify potential agents targeting the RAS system as a potential approach for post-surgical adhesion. Results: Available evidence suggests the involvement of the RAS signaling pathway in inflammation, proliferation, and fibrosis pathways as well as in post-surgical adhesions. Several FDA-approved drugs are being used for targeting the RAS system. Some of them are being tested in different models to reduce fibrosis and improve adhesion after surgery, including Telmisartan, valsartan, and enalapril. Conclusion: Identification of the pathological causes of post-surgical adhesion and the potential role of targeting Renin–Angiotensin System may help prevent this problem. Based on the pathological function of RAS signaling after surgeries, the administration of ARBs may be considered as a novel and efficient approach to prevent postsurgical adhesions. Pre-clinical and clinical studies should be carried out to have better information on the clinical significance of this therapy against post-surgical adhesion formation.

scholarly journals The Biochemical Effects of Angiotensin-(1-7) on the Oxidative Stress Metabolism and Their Specific Parameters from the Temporal Lobe

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 307-311
Author(s):  
Sorin Ungurianu ◽  
Constantin Trus ◽  
Roxana-Rosmary Enciu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Angiotensin Peptides ◽  
Vascular Area ◽  
Ang Iv ◽  
The One

It is already known from a variety of previous reports that an independent brain renin�angiotensin system (RAS) exists, completely separated from the one in the periphery. This independent brain RAS has all the precursors and the enzymatic structures necessary for the generation of the angiotensin peptides. Thus, in the last few years various groups started focusing on the more central effects of less known angiotensins (e.g in comparison with Angiotensin (Ang) II), namely Ang III, Ang IV, Ang-(1�7) or Ang 5-8. One of these newly emerging angiotensins which has become an increased center of interest in many studies is Ang-(1-7), which is a heptapeptide previously described especially for its opposite effects to Ang II, in the peripheral vascular area, but also described for some opposite central functions vs. Ang II. These aspects are completed with the fact that it was recently suggested that the renin�angiotensin system could modulate the oxidative stress metabolism, and also it seems that the manifestations of Angiotensin-(1-7) on the basal oxidative stress status are contradictory, with a variety of reports describing controversial (e.g. both pro-oxidant and antioxidant actions) effects for this heptapeptide. Our results presented here are confirming a possible antioxidant effect of Ang-(1�7) administration on rat, as shown by the increased levels of antioxidant enzymes from the temporal lobe (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and decreased levels of malondialdehyde, as an important lipid peroxidation parameter.

scholarly journals Galectin-7 Impairs Placentation and Causes Preeclampsia Features in Mice

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1185-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Menkhorst ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Leilani L. Santos ◽  
Sarah Delforce ◽  
Teresa So ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
System Components ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
New Treatment

Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy-induced disorder unique to humans. The etiology of preeclampsia is poorly understood; however, poor placental formation is thought causal. Galectin-7 is produced by trophoblast and is elevated in first-trimester serum of women who subsequently develop preeclampsia. We hypothesized that elevated placental galectin-7 may be causative of preeclampsia. Here, we demonstrated increased galectin-7 production in chorionic villous samples from women who subsequently develop preterm preeclampsia compared with uncomplicated pregnancies. In vitro, galectin-7 impaired human first-trimester trophoblast outgrowth, increased placental production of the antiangiogenic sFlt-1 splice variant, sFlt-1-e15a , and reduced placental production and secretion of ADAM12 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase12) and angiotensinogen. In vivo, galectin-7 administration (E8–E12) to pregnant mice caused elevated systolic blood pressure, albuminuria, impaired placentation (reduced labyrinth vascular branching, impaired decidual spiral artery remodeling, and a proinflammatory placental state demonstrated by elevated IL1β, IL6 and reduced IL10), and dysregulated expression of renin-angiotensin system components in the placenta, decidua, and kidney, including angiotensinogen, prorenin, and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Collectively, this study demonstrates that elevated galectin-7 during placental formation contributes to abnormal placentation and suggests that it leads to the development of preeclampsia via altering placental production of sFlt-1 and renin-angiotensin system components. Targeting galectin-7 may be a new treatment option for preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Maternal Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy and Postpartum Plasma B Vitamin and Homocysteine Profiles in a High-Risk Multiethnic U.S., Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1520-1529
Author(s):  
Bolanle Olapeju ◽  
Saifuddin Ahmed ◽  
Xiumei Hong ◽  
Guoying Wang ◽  
Amber Summers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders In Pregnancy ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
In Pregnancy

Salt, Aldosterone, and the Renin–Angiotensin System in Pregnancy

2022 ◽  
pp. 335-353
Author(s):  
Ralf Dechend ◽  
Babbette Lamarca ◽  
Sandra T. Davidge
Keyword(s):  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals RAS in Pregnancy and Preeclampsia and Eclampsia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rodriguez ◽  
J. Moreno ◽  
J. Hasbun
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Multisystem Involvement ◽  
The Brain ◽  
In Pregnancy

Preeclampsia is a common disease of pregnancy characterized by the presence of hypertension and commitment of many organs, including the brain, secondary to generalized endothelial dysfunction. Its etiology is not known precisely, but it involved several factors, highlighting the renin angiotensin system (RAS), which would have an important role in the origin of multisystem involvement. This paper reviews the evidence supporting the involvement of RAS in triggering the disease, in addition to the components of this system that would be involved and how it eventually produces brain engagement.

Single and dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in high-risk patients without heart failure: Lessons from ONTARGET

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-419
Author(s):  
Paolo Verdecchia ◽  
Fabio Angeli ◽  
Giovanni Mazzotta ◽  
Chiara Dembech ◽  
Gianpaolo Reboldi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Dual Blockade
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