The Fully Immersive Team Training (FITT) Research System: Design and Implementation

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Lampton ◽  
J. B. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Team Training ◽  
Research System ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Distributed Virtual Environments ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Computer Generated Forces ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Support Research

This paper describes the design and implementation of the Fully Immersive Team Training (FITT) research system. FITT was developed to support research on the use of distributed virtual environments (VEs) for team training. A generic search mission was created and modeled after decision-making and procedural tasks used by military and civilian small teams in conducting missions in emergency situations. The hardware and software functional requirements for the development of FITT were defined by the characteristics of the mission environment to be simulated, the team members' actions and interactions necessary to complete the mission, and instructional features and interventions relevant to training research. These requirements included locomotion, object manipulation and aiming, communication among participants, design of avatars for participants and computer-generated forces, data capture and playback, and a host of networking issues. A brief description of the first experiment conducted with FITT is presented as an example of how the system will be used in VE training research.

Team training research.

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Briggs ◽  
William A. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Team Training ◽  
Training Research

Mitigating Chronic Diseases during Archaeological Fieldwork

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Klehm ◽  
Elisabeth Hildebrand ◽  
Maureen S. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Group Leaders ◽  
Group Awareness ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Preexisting Conditions

ABSTRACTChronic diseases and preexisting conditions shape daily life for many archaeologists both in and out of the field. Chronic issues, however, can be overlooked in safety planning, which more often focuses on emergency situations because they are considered mundane, or they are imperceptible to project directors and crews until a serious problem arises. This article focuses on asthma, diabetes, and depression as common medical conditions that impact otherwise healthy archaeologists during fieldwork, with the goal of raising awareness of these conditions in particular, and the need to be more attentive to chronic diseases in general. Archaeological fieldwork presents novel situations that put those with chronic diseases and preexisting conditions at risk: environmental hazards, remoteness from medical and social resources and networks, lack of group awareness, and varying cultural norms. As a result, if chronic diseases are not attended to properly in the field, they can lead to life-threatening situations. Managing the risk presented by these conditions requires a group culture where team members are aware of issues, as appropriate, and collaborate to mitigate them during fieldwork. Descriptions of how chronic diseases affect archaeologists in the field are followed by “best practice” recommendations for self-management and for group leaders.

scholarly journals Are Multi-Language Design Smells Fault-Prone? An Empirical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-56
Author(s):  
Mouna Abidi ◽  
Md Saidur Rahman ◽  
Moses Openja ◽  
Foutse Khomh
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Language Design ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Code Smells ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Design Smells ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fault Proneness

Nowadays, modern applications are developed using components written in different programming languages and technologies. The cost benefits of reuse and the advantages of each programming language are two main incentives behind the proliferation of such systems. However, as the number of languages increases, so do the challenges related to the development and maintenance of these systems. In such situations, developers may introduce design smells (i.e., anti-patterns and code smells) which are symptoms of poor design and implementation choices. Design smells are defined as poor design and coding choices that can negatively impact the quality of a software program despite satisfying functional requirements. Studies on mono-language systems suggest that the presence of design smells may indicate a higher risk of future bugs and affects code comprehension, thus making systems harder to maintain. However, the impact of multi-language design smells on software quality such as fault-proneness is yet to be investigated. In this article, we present an approach to detect multi-language design smells in the context of JNI systems. We then investigate the prevalence of those design smells and their impacts on fault-proneness. Specifically, we detect 15 design smells in 98 releases of 9 open-source JNI projects. Our results show that the design smells are prevalent in the selected projects and persist throughout the releases of the systems. We observe that, in the analyzed systems, 33.95% of the files involving communications between Java and C/C++ contain occurrences of multi-language design smells. Some kinds of smells are more prevalent than others, e.g., Unused Parameters , Too Much Scattering , and Unused Method Declaration . Our results suggest that files with multi-language design smells can often be more associated with bugs than files without these smells, and that specific smells are more correlated to fault-proneness than others. From analyzing fault-inducing commit messages, we also extracted activities that are more likely to introduce bugs in smelly files. We believe that our findings are important for practitioners as it can help them prioritize design smells during the maintenance of multi-language systems.

A Toolkit to Assist Researchers to More Efficiently Conduct Experiments Assessing Human State

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 2032-2036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany K. Bracken ◽  
Noa Palmon ◽  
David Koelle ◽  
Mike Farry
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Team Member ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Augmentation Strategies ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Multiple Sensor ◽  
Support Research

For teams to perform effectively, individuals must focus on their own tasks, while simultaneously maintaining awareness of other team members. Researchers studying and attempting to optimize performance of teams as well as individual team members use assessments of behavioral, neurophysiological, and physiological signals that correlate with individual and team performance. However, synchronizing data from multiple sensor devices can be difficult, and building and using models to assess human states of interest can be time-consuming and non-intuitive. To assist researchers, we built an Adaptable Toolkit for the Assessment and Augmentation of Performance by Teams in Real Time (ADAPTER), which provides a framework that flexibly integrates sensors and fuses sensor data to assess performance. ADAPTER flexibly integrates current and emerging sensors; assists researchers in creating and implementing models that support research on performance and the development of augmentation strategies; and enables comprehensive and holistic characterization of team member performance during real-time experimental protocols.

Abstract 15595: Improved Clinical Performance and Teamwork of Pediatric Interprofessional Resuscitation Teams With a Simulation-Based Educational Intervention

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Gilfoyle ◽  
Deanna Koot ◽  
John Annear ◽  
Farhan Bhanji ◽  
Adam Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Team Training ◽  
Chest Compressions ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Pediatric Resuscitation ◽  
Time To Initiation ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Resuscitation Team

Introduction: Human errors occur during resuscitation despite individual knowledge of resuscitation guidelines. Poor teamwork has been implicated as a major source of such error; therefore interprofessional resuscitation teamwork training is essential. Hypothesis: A one-day team training course for pediatric interprofessional resuscitation team members improves adherence to PALS guidelines, team efficiency and teamwork in a simulated clinical environment. Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted at 4 children’s hospitals in Canada with pediatric resuscitation team members (n=300, 51 teams). Educational intervention was a one-day simulation-based team training course involving interactive lecture, group discussions and 4 simulated resuscitation scenarios followed by debriefing. First scenario of the day was conducted prior to any training. Final scenario of the day was the same scenario, with modified patient history. Scenarios included standardized distractors designed to elicit and challenge specific teamwork behaviors. Primary outcome measure was change (before and after training) in adherence to PALS guidelines, as measured by the Clinical Performance Tool (CPT). Secondary outcome measures: change in times to initiation of chest compressions and defibrillation; and teamwork performance, as measured by the Clinical Teamwork Scale (CTS). Correlation between CPT and CTS scores was analyzed. Results: Teams significantly improved CPT scores (67.3% to 79.6%, P< 0.0001), time to initiation of chest compressions (60.8 sec to 27.1 sec, P<0.0001), time to defibrillation (164.8 sec to 122.0 sec, P<0.0001) and CTS scores (56.0% to 71.8%, P<0.0001). Significantly more teams defibrillated under AHA target of 2 minutes (10 vs. 27, P<0.01). A strong correlation was found between CPT and CTS (r=0.530, P<0.0001). Conclusions: Participation in a simulation-based team training educational intervention significantly improved surrogate measures of clinical performance, time to initiation of key clinical tasks, and teamwork during simulated pediatric resuscitation. A strong correlation between clinical and teamwork performance suggests that effective teamwork optimizes clinical performance of resuscitation teams.

Argus, a System for Varying Cognitive Workload

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (16) ◽  
pp. 1147-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Schoelles ◽  
Wayne D. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Cognitive Workload ◽  
Team Members ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Support Team ◽  
Multiple Display ◽  
Support Research

Argus is a system developed to support research to understand and measure cognitive workload. It consists of a single-subject and a team version. Research with the single-subject version is concerned with cognitive workload from a dynamic micro-strategy perspective; the team version seeks to identify communication protocols and decision aids that support team performance under high workload conditions. Workload is varied by the experimenter through a set of authoring tools. In the single-subject version, multiple tasks, a decision task and/or a tracking task, multiple display interfaces and input modes further enhance the variability of task workload. In the team version, communication between team members is accomplished through text and data messages sent between workstations.

Implementation of team training in outpatient breast oncology.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (34_suppl) ◽  
pp. 83-83
Author(s):  
Craig A. Bunnell ◽  
Anne Gross ◽  
Michael Kalfin ◽  
Ann H. Partridge ◽  
Sharon Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Coordination ◽  
Team Training ◽  
Adverse Event Reporting ◽  
Change Orders ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Train The Trainer ◽  
Task Coordination ◽  
Communication Task ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinical Breast

83 Background: Team Training (TT) principles, used in high-risk industries to reduce errors and improve communication and task coordination, have been applied in several areas of medicine, but not in outpatient oncology. We piloted a TT program in a large, academic, clinical breast cancer program. Methods: Observations, interviews, and anonymous adverse event reporting systems were used to identify areas of vulnerability for intervention: Communication of changes in same-day chemotherapy orders (“change orders”); Missing treatment orders on days patients were not also scheduled with physician (“unlinked” visits); Follow-up and communication to other team members on important patient issues (e.g., pending test results or changes in patient status); Conflict resolution between providers and staff. Agreements about roles, responsibilities, and behaviors were made to address vulnerabilities. Using a train-the-trainer model, clinical leaders trained all providers and staff in TT principles, behavioral agreements, and the tools to support them. Results: The program was assessed six months after implementation. There was insufficient power to detect a significant difference in communication of change orders because of infrequency of events (< 2% pre- and post-training). However, 100% of providers reported it was easier to communicate change orders and 87% of infusion nurses reported a decrease in non-communicated changes. The incidence of missing orders for unlinked visits decreased from 38%to 2%. Press-Ganey patient satisfaction scores highlighted improvements in perception of care coordination. Providers, infusion nurses, and support staff all reported strongly positive perceptions of improvement in the efficiency (75%, 86%, 90%), quality (82%, 93%, 93%) and safety (92%, 92%, 90%) of patient care. Similarly, all groups reported improved relationships and more respectful behavior among team members (91%, 85%, 93%). Conclusions: Team Training improved communication, task coordination and perceptions of efficiency, quality, safety, and interactions among team members and patients’ perceptions of care coordination. Widespread implementation of TT across the entire Adult Service is ongoing at our institution.

Hybrid Team Training Testbed for Awacs Aircraft Controllers

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (25) ◽  
pp. 2030-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick J. Diedrich ◽  
Bruce Roberts ◽  
David E. Diller ◽  
Jean MacMillan ◽  
Stephen Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Team Training ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Control Team ◽  
Computer Generated Forces ◽  
Military Teams

Simulation-based team training has become an important component of preparation and readiness for a variety of military teams. However, despite extensive resource allocation to simulation-based training environments, and to computer generated forces that can act in those environments, there is relatively little research on how synthetic entities can best be designed and used to achieve team training objectives. In this paper, we outline the development of a research program that seeks to define principles of effective team training with synthetic entities. We describe our domain of application (Air Force AWACS Weapons Directors and the pilots they control), team training objectives, the components and capabilities of the simulation, and our plan for using the simulation to evaluate the effectiveness of hybrid team training. Ultimately, this work will result in a series of principles of effective team training with agents that can facilitate the development of hybrid training environments.

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