scholarly journals Household Debt and Delinquency over the Life Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-92
Author(s):  
Sommarat Chantarat ◽  
Atchana Lamsam ◽  
Krislert Samphantharak ◽  
Bhumjai Tangsawasdirat
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Household Debt ◽  
Extensive And Intensive Margins ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Life Cycle Pattern

This paper uses loan-level data from Thailand's National Credit Bureau to study household debt over the life cycle of borrowers. We decompose two aggregate and commonly used measures of debt—debt per capita and delinquency rate—into components that unveil the extensive and intensive margins of household indebtedness. We find a striking inverted-U life-cycle pattern of indebtedness as predicted by economic theories. However, peaks are reached at different ages for different loan products and different lenders. We also find that debt has expanded over time for all age groups. Younger cohorts seem to originate debt earlier in their lives than older generations. Meanwhile, older borrowers remain indebted well past their retirement age. Finally, we find a downward pattern of delinquency over the life cycle. Our findings have important policy implications on financial access and distress of households as well as on economic development and financial stability of the economy.

scholarly journals Retirement Age Farmers’ Exit and Disinvestment from Farming

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bretford Griffin ◽  
Valentina Hartarska ◽  
Denis Nadolnyak
Keyword(s):  
Market Price ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Income Volatility ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Level Data

The aging of farmers in the US today coincides with fluctuating incomes resulting from recent market price volatility and policy changes. We evaluate how farmers’ retirement or exit, as well as their disinvestment from farming in preparation for retirement, are affected by economic and demographic factors. Exit and disinvestment are modeled as the outcome of intertemporal utility maximization, and farm-level data from the Census of Agriculture are used to estimate the probability of retirement-age farmers’ exit and disinvestment for the 1992-2012 period. The results show that farm size matters the most, with larger farms less likely to exit but more likely to disinvest and scale back, presumably to a new optimal size. Demographic factors such as gender, race, and age have statistically significant but relatively small impacts. Regional differences, the size of the non-farm economy, and opportunities to diversify income also affect exit. However, flow economic variables, such as current year return-on-assets and agricultural support payments, are not associated with exit and disinvestment. Given that US farmers are now facing significant income volatility, the findings point to a level of resilience. The results suggesting that current and recent income fluctuations are less likely to drive the exit of retirement age farmers have important policy implications.

scholarly journals Wealth Effects on Consumption in Malta: Evidence from Household Level Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ilias Georgakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wealth Effect ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Wealth Effects ◽  
Housing Wealth ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Financial Wealth ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Life Cycle Pattern

This paper attempts to examine for the first time the effects of household wealth on consumption in Malta, based on household level data from the 2017 Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS). The estimation of the log-log consumption function is performed using OLS regression, after taking into account the survey design. The results provide evidence in support of the existence of a wealth effect on consumption, stemming from housing and financial wealth. In particular, the housing wealth effect on consumption is positive and higher than the financial wealth effect for the whole sample size, especially for homeowners. In addition, comparisons in the differences in wealth effects across age groups confirm the existence of a life-cycle pattern in consumption.

Haemophilia Registry of the Medical Committee of the Swiss Haemophilia Society

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S16-S18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Brand ◽  
N. von der Weid
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mutation Analysis ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Global Survey ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

SummaryThe Swiss Haemophilia Registry of the Medical Committee of the Swiss Haemophilia Society was established in 2000. Primarily it bears epidemiological and basic clinical data (incidence, type and severity of the disease, age groups, centres, mortality). Two thirds of the questions of the WFH Global Survey can be answered, especially those concerning use of concentrates (global, per capita) and treatment modalities (on-demand versus prophylactic regimens). Moreover, the registry is an important tool for quality control of the haemophilia treatment centres.There are no informations about infectious diseases like hepatitis or HIV, due to non-anonymisation of the data. We plan to incorporate the results of the mutation analysis in the future.

The Problem of Agricultural Taxation in West Pakistan and an Alternative Solution: A Comment (Notes & Comments)

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Khan Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Water Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

In the Summer 1973 issue of the Pakistan Development Review, Mr. Mohammad Ghaffar Chaudhry [1] has dealt with two very important issues relating to the intersectoral tax equity and the intrasectoral tax equity within the agricultural sector in Pakistan. Using a simple criterion for vertical tax equity that implies that the tax rate rises with per capita income such that the ratio of revenue to income rises at the same percentage rate as per capita income, Mr. Chaudhry found that the agricultural sector is overtaxed in Pakistan. Mr. Chaudhry further found that the land tax is a regressive levy with respect to the farm size. Both findings, if valid, have important policy implications. In this note we argue that the validity of the findings on intersectoral tax equity depends on the treatment of water rate as tax rather than the price of a service provided by the Government and on the shifting assumptions regard¬ing the indirect taxes on imports and domestic production levied by the Central Government. The relevance of the findings on the intrasectoral tax burden would have been more obvious if the tax liability was related to income from land per capita.

Review of the Micronutrient Situation in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-154
Author(s):  
Joanne E. Arsenault ◽  
Deanna K. Olney
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Context Specific

Background: Rwanda’s commitment to reducing malnutrition is evident in their multisectoral nutrition policy and wide array of nutrition partners. However, the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and the suitability of current strategies to address existing deficiencies is unclear. Objective: To review the available evidence related to the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies across the life cycle and strategies in place to address them. Methods: We reviewed scientific and grey literature on nutritional problems in Rwanda, emphasizing micronutrient deficiencies and anemia, and current strategies to address micronutrient malnutrition. Results: Overall, there is scant evidence related to the types and prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among populations across the life cycle in Rwanda. Existing evidence is primarily limited to outdated or small regional surveys focusing on iron or vitamin A among women and young children. Surveys have assessed the prevalence of anemia and indicate that anemia is very high among young children and moderately high among other age-groups. However, there are limited data on the context-specific causes of anemia in Rwanda across population groups. Current nutrition strategies mainly target women and young children and are primarily designed to reduce vitamin A deficiency and/or anemia caused by micronutrient deficiencies. Conclusions: Rwanda has many nutrition programs in place that address micronutrient deficiencies in young children and a few for women of reproductive age. However, gaps exist in knowledge of the extent of different types of micronutrient deficiencies among all populations across the life cycle and whether the delivery of nutrients through current programs is meeting actual needs.

Identification of excessive Russia's household debt burden

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-207
Author(s):  
Galina Gospodarchuk ◽  
Ekaterina Suchkova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Household Debt ◽  
Calculation Algorithm ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Household Sector

Modern trends characterized by increasing Russian household debt against the stagnation of real income of the population demonstrate the importance of analytical tools within the regulator. It helps identify the level of debt burden in household sector and to develop an analytical toolkit that makes it possible to reveal debt burden. The paper uses the methods of statistic and graphical analysis as well as comparative and GAP-analysis. The empirical analysis is based on data of the Federal State Statics Service and Bank of Russia over a period of 1.01.2007–1.01.2019. The study develops the methodology to create an indicator for household sector debt burden both on macro- and micro-level. Based on the methodology, we develop a new financial stability index of household sector and its calculation algorithm. We offer the evaluation method of threshold value of this index and determine its quantitative value. The findings concerning debt burden level in Russia’s household sector drawn on the basis of this indicator confirm its suitability for using as an additional diagnostic tool of Russia’s financial stability.

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