scholarly journals Measuring the Ecological Efficiency of Thermal Power Plants: Evidence from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-184
Author(s):  
Imran Qaiser ◽  
Theocharis Grigoriadis
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Balance Principle ◽  
Residual Fuel Oil

This paper assesses the environmental and economic efficiency of thermal plants operating on fossil fuels in Pakistan using methods based on data envelopment analysis. Using the material balance principle, we find that cost- and carbon-efficient points can only be obtained simultaneously by switching to gas. However, under an assumption of variable returns to scale, these points can still be obtained without this conversion through the application of best practices. Furthermore, about 26% of costs and about 34% of carbon emissions can be reduced without a switch to gas, but instead by using technically efficient inputs; this approach can also lead to a significant reduction in electricity prices and considerable environmental benefits. Power plants operating on residual fuel oil are significantly more technically efficient than plants operating on gas. Nonetheless, both types of plants have an equal share in forming the metafrontier as exhibited by the meta-technology ratio. There is a definite need to make plants more efficient by using the best possible combination of inputs and overhauling. Bootstrap results also suggest that further improvement in efficiency is possible.

On the prospect of introduction of plasma ignition in power boilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
V. Ye. Mikhailov ◽  
S. P. Kolpakov ◽  
L. A. Khomenok ◽  
N. S. Shestakov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Plasma Ignition ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Capital Construction

One of the most important issues for modern domestic power industry is the creation and further widespread introduction of solid propellant energy units for super-critical steam parameters with high efficiency (43–46%) and improved environmental parameters. This will significantly reduce the use of natural gas.At the same time, one of the major drawbacks of the operation of pulverized coal power units is the need to use a significant amount of fuel oil during start-up and shutdown of boilers to stabilize the burning of the coal torch in the variable boiler operating modes.In this regard, solid fuel TPPs need to be provided with fuel oil facilities, with all the associated problems to ensure the performance (heating of fuel oil in winter), reliability and safety. All of the above problems increase both the TPP capital construction costs, and the electricity generating cost.A practical solution to the above problems at present is the use of a plasma technology for coal torch ignition based on thermochemical preparation of fuel for combustion. The materials of the developments of JSC “NPO CKTI” on application of plasmatrons in boilers of thermal power plants at metallurgical complexes of the Russian Federation are also considered.Plasma ignition systems for solid fuels in boilers were developed by Russian specialists and were introduced at a number of coal-fi red power plants in the Russian Federation, Mongolia, North Korea, and Kazakhstan. Plasma ignition of solid fuels is widely used in China for almost 30% of power boilers.The introduction of plasma-energy technologies will improve the energy efficiency of domestic solid-fuel thermal power plants and can be widely implemented in the modernization of boilers.During the construction of new TPPs, the construction of fuel oil facilities can be abandoned altogether, which will reduce the capital costs of the construction of thermal power plants, reduce the construction footprint, and increase the TPP safety.

Consumption of combustible minerals in the context of the targets of sustainable development of Ukraine and global environment changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3-4 (185-186) ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
Myroslav Podolskyy ◽  
Dmytro Bryk ◽  
Lesia Kulchytska-Zhyhailo ◽  
Oleh Gvozdevych
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union

An analysis of Ukraine’s sustainable development targets, in particular in the field of energy, resource management and environmental protection, are presented. It is shown that regional energetic is a determining factor for achieving the aims of sustainable development. Changes in the natural environment in Ukraine due to external (global) and internal (local) factors that are intertwined and overlapped can cause threats to socio-economic development. It is proved that in the areas of mining and industrial activity a multiple increase in emissions of pollutants into the environment are observed. The comparison confirmed the overall compliance of the structure of consumption of primary energy resources (solid fossil fuels, natural gas, nuclear fuel, oil and petroleum products, renewable energy sources) in Ukraine and in the European Union, shows a steaby trend to reduce the share of solid fuels and natural gas and increasing the shares of energy from renewable sources. For example, in Ukraine the shares in the production and cost of electricity in 2018 was: the nuclear power plants – 54.33 % and in the cost – 26.60 %, the thermal power – 35.95 and 59.52 %, the renewable energy sources – 9.6 and 13.88 %. The energy component must be given priority, as it is crucial for achieving of all other goals of sustainable development and harmonization of socio-economic progress. The paper systematizes the indicators of regional energy efficiency and proposes a dynamic model for the transition to sustainable energy development of the region.

scholarly journals Assessment of efficiency and prospects for the use of hybrid thermal low-capacity power plants in the Republic of Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 01040 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Nguen ◽  
D. N. Pham ◽  
G. R. Mingaleeva ◽  
O. V. Afanaseva ◽  
P. Zunino
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Air Heating ◽  
The Republic

The growing demand for energy and fossil fuels creates increased number of difficulties, while renewable energy sources are still rarely used worldwide, particularly in Vietnam. In this article hybrid thermal power plants based on gas turbine plants are discussed, the increased efficiency of which is achieved by air heating after the compressor in solar air heaters. The basic design equations and the results of evaluating the efficiency and fuel consumption are presented for two thermal power plants of 4.6 MW and 11.8 MW. The dependence of the results on the intensity of solar extraction for the climatic conditions of the Ninh Thuan province of the Republic of Vietnam is discussed.

CFD Based Ash Deposition Prediction in a BFB Firing Mixtures of Peat and Forest Residue

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Mueller ◽  
Dan Lundmark ◽  
Bengt-Johan Skrifvars ◽  
Rainer Backman ◽  
Maria Zevenhoven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Forest Residue ◽  
Bubbling Fluidized Bed

Fuels currently used for energy production in thermal power plants are characterized by their huge variety ranging from fossil fuels to biomass and waste. This multitude of fuels offers opportunities to the energy industry and nowadays many power plants do not fire either of these fuels but mixtures of them are burnt. While this procedure may lead to overall economic and environmental advantages it is very demanding for the boiler operators to still meet expectations concerning boiler performance, boiler availability and emission regulations. In the course of this latest trend in boiler operation, ash related operational problems such as slagging, fouling and corrosion are ranking very high on the list of reasons leading to significant reduction of boiler availability. Ash related problems strongly dependent on fuel specific aspects, such as the mineral matter distribution in the fuel, aspects specific to the used combustion technique as well as design aspects unique for the combustion chamber of any operating power plant. The overall goal in combustion related research is therefore the prediction of potential operational problems originating from fuel streams entering the combustion chamber as well as those originating from the design of individual furnaces. In our earlier work we have strongly focused on developing an advanced ash behavior prediction tool for biomass combustion combining computational fluid dynamic calculations (CFD) and advanced fuel analysis. In this paper the tool is applied to analyze the slagging and fouling tendency in a 295 MW bubbling fluidized bed boiler fired with mixtures of peat and forest residue. In addition to the overall deposition prediction this work focuses on details of the models used in the computational fluid dynamic calculations. These include a study on the importance of the accurate description of the fuel feeding system and related to this aspect the advanced description of the bubbling bed with regard to release of primary gas and ash particles from its surface to the freeboard. Evaluation of the predictions comparing simulation results with deposits on the furnace walls show good agreement.

MODELING THE TECHNOGENIC IMPACT OF CHPS ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Алла Звягинцева ◽  
Alla Zvyaginceva ◽  
Светлана Сазонова ◽  
Svetlana Sazonova ◽  
В. Кульнева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Technogenic Impact ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Fuel Source

The waste generated during the operation of the thermal electric central, an energy facility, is considered. The analysis of atmospheric pollution by emissions of the Voronezh TPP-1, which uses coal as the main fuel, is carried out. A comparison is made with a thermal power plant using gas as a fuel source. The maximum allowable emission standards for pollutants generated during the use of coal are established and the excess of the MPC value by various types of emissions is shown: dioxide and nitric oxide; fuel oil and NO2 + SO2 ash; sulphurous anhydride and carbon monoxide; soot and coal ash. The size of the Sanitary Protection Zone of TPP-1 was determined. Measures aimed at reducing the negative environmental impact of such energy facilities as combined heat and power plants are proposed

scholarly journals On the issue of fire hazard the fuel oil facilities of thermal power plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 01038
Author(s):  
Arkadiy V. Zakharevich ◽  
Dmitriy N. Tsymbalov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Thermal Power Plants

scholarly journals Editorial

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 02
Author(s):  
Diogo Berta Pitz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Residential Use ◽  
Engineering Projects

Since the Industrial Revolution mankind has been interested in obtaining energy from various sources in order to fulfill its ever-increasing energy demands for industrial, commercial and residential use. Fortunately, we have been able to produce energy in quantities that permit technological innovations and the spread of existing technologies around the world. Such success is due not only to the search for alternatives to fossil fuels, but also to the development of devices that allow fuels to be used in rational, efficient ways. The refinement of equipment that improve our lives – from refrigeration devices used in residential applications to steam generators and gas turbines employed to generate electricity in thermal power plants – is only possible due to physical understanding of processes such as heat transfer, combustion, fluid flow dynamics and thermodynamic systems. Physical modeling of such phenomena provides tools for optimization of engineering projects, which ultimately results in an efficient use of the energy resources available. In an era where the computing power available allows us to analyze models that are ever more faithful to the physical behavior of real processes, we have the ability to push existing technologies to ever-increasing limits of energy efficiency and to explore the viability of new processes.

Life Cycle Assessment of Modern Wind Power Plants

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes M. Hapke ◽  
Karl R. Haapala ◽  
Zhaohui Wu ◽  
Ted K. A. Brekken
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Wind Power Plants

Power generation for the existing electrical grid is largely based on the combustion of fossil fuels. Global concerns have been raised regarding the environmental sustainability of the system due to life cycle impacts, including land losses from fuel extraction and impacts of combustion emissions. An approach to reduce carbon emissions of fossil fuel-based energy employs the conversion of wind energy to electrical energy. The work presented describes modern wind power plants and provides an environmental assessment of a representative wind park from a life cycle perspective. The empirical analysis uses commercially available data, as well as information from an existing wind power plant. The life cycle assessment (LCA) study for a modern wind farm in the northwestern U.S. found that environmental benefits of avoiding typical electricity production greatly outweigh the impacts due to wind turbine construction and maintenance. Effects of component reliability, varying capacity factors, and energy portfolio are explored.

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