THE ROLE OF TECHNOGENIC IMPACT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DANGEROUS GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE MOUNTAIN REGIONS OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS

The article presents an assessment of technogenic impact on the development of hazardous geological processes in the mountainous regions of the Northern Caucasus in the current century. Technogenic impact is determined by the stability of rock formations that make up the Krasnodar Territory, Kabardino-Balkaria, and North Ossetia relative to the impacts of other forces. It is also noted that the activity of hazardous geological processes is largely determined by the interaction of climatic conditions, which determine their speed, and technogenesis. Examples of problematic territories of the North Caucasus are given. To assess climatic changes and major catastrophes, a typology of atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere was developed under the leadership of B.L. Dzerdzeevsky. Typification materials from the period between 1899 and 2018 are posted in the public domain, at www.atmospheric-circulation.ru. The largest catastrophes, in which landslides and mudflows became more active, and the interaction of natural and man-made factors in these disasters are considered.Hazardous geological processes can disrupt the sustainable development of individual regions with their negative impact on the environment. The assessment of their danger is therefore of special current relevance. The article considers the possibility of predicting catastrophes associated with these processes. Long-term forecasts of landslides, mudflows and other processes continue to be important. The methodology of such forecasting was previously developed in sufficient detail. The greatest importance is assigned to operational forecasts that will make it possible to warn of possible danger hours or even days ahead.

Monitoring the Level of the Air Contamination by Chemical Elements Impoundment in the Snow Melt of the Snow Blanket

The research on the snow blanket pollution in Chita and its environs has been conducted to determine 29 chemical elements in the snow melt. It has been revealed that there is a direct causality between the pollution degree of the snow aqueous phase and the level of air pollution in the technogenesis environment. While comparing some indicators of chemical elements content and their compounds in snow melt, a critical concentration in the reference sites has been identified. It has been noted that the standard ratios compliance for this phase in the conjoint backgrounds is not always realistic, requires the MPC indicators development for the snow under technogenic impact and consideration of natural geochemical conditions and climatic factors.

On the reasons for the complication of field preparation hard-to-recover oils during technogenic impact on the formation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the field preparation of hard-to-recover oils on the example of a field in Kazakhstan. On the basis of laboratory and field studies, the physicochemical properties of oil emulsions were studied, the characters of the emulsion were identified by the type of natural stabilizers, the group composition, their aggregate stability, as well as rheological features were determined. In the article the main reasons that complicate the processes of field preparation of hard-to-recover, rheologically complex oils were analyzed and identified. Some ways of improving the efficiency of field treatment of high-viscosity oils in the presence of intensive technogenic impact on the formation in order to increase the oil recovery factor are also indicated. Keywords: oil-water emulsion; hydrogen sulfide; mechanical impurities; intermediate layer; sulfate-reducing bacteria; thionic bacteria; dispersed composition; aggregate stability; iron sulfide; demulsifier; stabilizer.

Composition of chemical elements in the biosubstrate (hair) of children of the Karaganda region

In the article we studied chemical elements in the hair of children as a form of environmental monitoring of metals in a given area, since one of the objective indicators of the ecological and hygienic well-being of a territory is the status of trace elements as the most sensitive part of the population, especially children. Many foreign scientific studies have shown that a hair sample is a good indicator of a negative technogenic impact on humans, and it is known that the unfavorable state of children characterizes the ecogeochemical features of the area, so we took into account the accumulation of trace elements in the hair. The study showed an increase in lead and cadmium and a decrease in zinc, copper and chromium.

WITH REGARD TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL BARRIERS IN AREAS WITH MAN-MADE INFLUENCE

One of the ways to improve the environmental situation in various regions of the world has become the improvement of technologies for protection against hazardous pollution in soil, atmosphere, groundwater. The article is devoted to the analysis of the conceptual proposal within the framework of participation in the competition “Students reinventing cities. The promising methods of elimination and localization of environmental pollution using geochemical barriers are outlined. Examples of natural and artificial geochemical barriers are considered. Attention is drawn to the possibility of using anti-filtration screens as artificial barriers in areas with passive technogenic impact. The potential of using artificial barriers for the safe cultivation of plant crops at the former Payatas controlled waste disposal facility in Quezon City, Philippines is being identified. The importance of creating green spaces in the territory with limited opportunities for economic use is justified.

HYDROCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SURFACE WATER BODIES IN THE AREA OF IMPACT OF THE NORILSK INDUSTRIAL REGION

The article shows the results of the analysis of surface water reservoirs and streams in the zone of influence of the Norilsk industrial region. Comparison of data on territories heavily exposed to technogenic impact and conditionally background areas. Comparisons of the obtained values with published scientific information on the studied region are made.