Visual Processing of Faces in Temporal Cortex: Physiological Evidence for a Modular Organization and Possible Anatomical Correlates

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Harries ◽  
D. I. Perrett
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Superior Temporal Sulcus ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Spatial Awareness ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobe

Physiological recordings along the length of the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) revealed cells each of which was selectively responsive to a particular view of the head and body. Such cells were grouped in large patches 3-4 mm across. The patches were separated by regions of cortex containing cells responsive to other stimuli. The distribution of cells projecting from temporal cortex to the posterior regions of the inferior parietal lobe was studied with retrogradely transported fluorescent dyes. A strong temporoparietal projection was found originating from the upper bank of the STS. Cells projecting to the parietal cortex occurred in large patches or bands. The size and periodicity of modules defined through anatomical connections matched the functional subdivisions of the STS cortex involved in face processing evident in physiological recordings. It is speculated that the temporoparietal projections could provide a route through which temporal lobe analysis of facial signals about the direction of others' attention can be passed to parietal systems concerned with spatial awareness.

Comparison of subcortical connections of inferior temporal and posterior parietal cortex in monkeys

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan S. Baizer ◽  
Robert Desimone ◽  
Leslie G. Ungerleider
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Vision ◽  
Nucleus Basalis ◽  
Basal Nuclei ◽  
Processing Pathways ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Area Te

AbstractTo investigate the subcortical connections of the object vision and spatial vision cortical processing pathways, we injected the inferior temporal and posterior parietal cortex of six Rhesus monkeys with retrograde or anterograde tracers. The temporal injections included area TE on the lateral surface of the hemisphere and adjacent portions of area TEO. The parietal injections covered the posterior bank of the intraparietal sulcus, including areas VIP and LIP. Our results indicate that several structures project to both the temporal and parietal cortex, including the medial and lateral pulvinar, claustrum, and nucleus basalis. However, the cells in both the pulvinar and claustrum that project to the two systems are mainly located in different parts of those structures, as are the terminals which arise from the temporal and parietal cortex. Likewise, the projections from the temporal and parietal cortex to the caudate nucleus and putamen are largely segregated. Finally, we found projections to the pons and superior colliculus from parietal but not temporal cortex, whereas we found the lateral basal and medial basal nuclei of the amygdala to be reciprocally connected with temporal but not parietal cortex. Thus, the results show that, like the cortical connections of the two visual processing systems, the subcortical connections are remarkably segregated.

Early Face Processing Specificity: It's in the Eyes!

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1815-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxane J. Itier ◽  
Claude Alain ◽  
Katherine Sedore ◽  
Anthony R. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Superior Temporal Sulcus ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Configural Processing ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
N170 Amplitude ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
The Face

Unlike most other objects that are processed analytically, faces are processed configurally. This configural processing is reflected early in visual processing following face inversion and contrast reversal, as an increase in the N170 amplitude, a scalp-recorded event-related potential. Here, we show that these face-specific effects are mediated by the eye region. That is, they occurred only when the eyes were present, but not when eyes were removed from the face. The N170 recorded to inverted and negative faces likely reflects the processing of the eyes. We propose a neural model of face processing in which face- and eye-selective neurons situated in the superior temporal sulcus region of the human brain respond differently to the face configuration and to the eyes depending on the face context. This dynamic response modulation accounts for the N170 variations reported in the literature. The eyes may be central to what makes faces so special.

scholarly journals The Neural Bases of Drawing. A Meta-analysis and a Systematic Literature Review of Neurofunctional Studies in Healthy Individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Raimo ◽  
Gabriella Santangelo ◽  
Luigi Trojano
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Extrastriate Cortex ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobe ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractDrawing is a multi-component process requiring a wide range of cognitive abilities. Several studies on patients with focal brain lesions and functional neuroimaging studies on healthy individuals demonstrated that drawing is associated with a wide brain network. However, the neural structures specifically related to drawing remain to be better comprehended. We conducted a systematic review complemented by a meta-analytic approach to identify the core neural underpinnings related to drawing in healthy individuals. In analysing the selected studies, we took into account the type of the control task employed (i.e. motor or non-motor) and the type of drawn stimulus (i.e. geometric, figurative, or nonsense). The results showed that a fronto-parietal network, particularly on the left side of the brain, was involved in drawing when compared with other motor activities. Drawing figurative images additionally activated the inferior frontal gyrus and the inferior temporal cortex, brain areas involved in selection of semantic features of objects and in visual semantic processing. Moreover, copying more than drawing from memory was associated with the activation of extrastriate cortex (BA 18, 19). The activation likelihood estimation coordinate-based meta-analysis revealed a core neural network specifically associated with drawing which included the premotor area (BA 6) and the inferior parietal lobe (BA 40) bilaterally, and the left precuneus (BA 7).These results showed that a fronto-parietal network is specifically involved in drawing and suggested that a crucial role is played by the (left) inferior parietal lobe, consistent with classical literature on constructional apraxia.

What is “Odd” in Posner's Location-cueing Paradigm? Neural Responses to Unexpected Location and Feature Changes Compared

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Vossel ◽  
Ralph Weidner ◽  
Christiane M. Thiel ◽  
Gereon R. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Distraction Effect ◽  
Distractor Processing ◽  
The Right

Within the parietal cortex, the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) seem to be involved in both spatial and nonspatial functions: Both areas are activated when misleading information is provided by invalid spatial cues in Posner's location-cueing paradigm, but also when infrequent deviant stimuli are presented within a series of standard events. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the distinct and shared brain responses to (i) invalidly cued targets requiring attentional reorienting, and (ii) to target stimuli deviating in color and orientation leading to an oddball-like distraction effect. Both unexpected location and feature changes were accompanied by a significant slowing of manual reaction times. Bilateral TPJ and right superior parietal lobe (SPL) activation was observed in response to invalidly as compared to validly cued targets. In contrast, the bilateral inferior occipito-temporal cortex, the left inferior parietal cortex, right frontal areas, and the cerebellum showed stronger activation in response to deviant than to standard targets. Common activations were observed in the right angular gyrus along the IPS and in the right inferior frontal gyrus. We conclude that the superior parietal and temporo-parietal activations observed here as well as previously in location-cueing paradigms do not merely reflect the detection and processing of unexpected stimuli. Furthermore, our data suggest that the right IPS and the inferior frontal gyrus are involved in attentional selection and distractor processing of both spatial and nonspatial features.

Cortical thickness, neuron density and size in the inferior parietal lobe in schizophrenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 136 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Smiley ◽  
Kira Konnova ◽  
Cynthia Bleiwas
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobe ◽  
Neuron Density

scholarly journals Inferior Parietal Lobe Activity in Visuo-Motor Integration during the Robot Hand Illusion

Psychology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (15) ◽  
pp. 2996-3006
Author(s):  
Mohamad Arif Fahmi Bin Ismail ◽  
Sotaro Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Robot Hand ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobe

scholarly journals Polarity-specific transcranial direct current stimulation effects on object-selective neural responses in the inferior parietal lobe

Cortex ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Almeida ◽  
Ana R. Martins ◽  
Fredrik Bergström ◽  
Lénia Amaral ◽  
Andreia Freixo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobe ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation

Involvement of the Left Supramarginal Gyrus in Manipulation Judgment Tasks: Contributions to Theories of Tool Use

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Lesourd ◽  
François Osiurak ◽  
Jordan Navarro ◽  
Emanuelle Reynaud
Keyword(s):  
Tool Use ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Cortical Network ◽  
Functional Area ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobe ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Technical Reasoning

AbstractObjectives: Two theories of tool use, namely the gesture engram and the technical reasoning theories, make distinct predictions about the involvement of the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) in manipulation judgement tasks. The objective here is to test these alternative predictions based on previous studies on manipulation judgment tasks using transcranial magnetic stimulations (TMS) targeting the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG). Methods: We review recent TMS studies on manipulation judgement tasks and confront these data with predictions made by both tool use theories. Results: The left SMG is a highly intertwined region, organized following several functionally distinct areas and TMS may have disrupted a cortical network involved in the ability to use tools rather than only one functional area supporting manipulation knowledge. Moreover, manipulation judgement tasks may be impaired following virtual lesions outside the IPL. Conclusions: These data are more in line with the technical reasoning hypothesis, which assumes that the left IPL does not store manipulation knowledge per se. (JINS, 2017, 23, 685–691)

scholarly journals Brain Mechanisms of Arithmetic: A Crucial Role for Ventral Temporal Cortex

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1757-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Pinheiro-Chagas ◽  
Amy Daitch ◽  
Josef Parvizi ◽  
Stanislas Dehaene
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Cognition ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Classical Problem ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Inferior Temporal Cortex ◽  
Problem Size ◽  
Ventral Temporal Cortex ◽  
Intracranial Electroencephalography ◽  
Problem Size Effect

Elementary arithmetic requires a complex interplay between several brain regions. The classical view, arising from fMRI, is that the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the superior parietal lobe (SPL) are the main hubs for arithmetic calculations. However, recent studies using intracranial electroencephalography have discovered a specific site, within the posterior inferior temporal cortex (pITG), that activates during visual perception of numerals, with widespread adjacent responses when numerals are used in calculation. Here, we reexamined the contribution of the IPS, SPL, and pITG to arithmetic by recording intracranial electroencephalography signals while participants solved addition problems. Behavioral results showed a classical problem size effect: RTs increased with the size of the operands. We then examined how high-frequency broadband (HFB) activity is modulated by problem size. As expected from previous fMRI findings, we showed that the total HFB activity in IPS and SPL sites increased with problem size. More surprisingly, pITG sites showed an initial burst of HFB activity that decreased as the operands got larger, yet with a constant integral over the whole trial, thus making these signals invisible to slow fMRI. Although parietal sites appear to have a more sustained function in arithmetic computations, the pITG may have a role of early identification of the problem difficulty, beyond merely digit recognition. Our results ask for a reevaluation of the current models of numerical cognition and reveal that the ventral temporal cortex contains regions specifically engaged in mathematical processing.

scholarly journals Cortical Tracking of Global and Local Variations of Speech Rhythm during Connected Natural Speech Perception

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1704-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Alexandrou ◽  
Timo Saarinen ◽  
Jan Kujala ◽  
Riitta Salmelin
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Natural Speech ◽  
Speech Signals ◽  
Speech Rhythm ◽  
Linguistic Information ◽  
Evolutionary Tuning

During natural speech perception, listeners must track the global speaking rate, that is, the overall rate of incoming linguistic information, as well as transient, local speaking rate variations occurring within the global speaking rate. Here, we address the hypothesis that this tracking mechanism is achieved through coupling of cortical signals to the amplitude envelope of the perceived acoustic speech signals. Cortical signals were recorded with magnetoencephalography (MEG) while participants perceived spontaneously produced speech stimuli at three global speaking rates (slow, normal/habitual, and fast). Inherently to spontaneously produced speech, these stimuli also featured local variations in speaking rate. The coupling between cortical and acoustic speech signals was evaluated using audio–MEG coherence. Modulations in audio–MEG coherence spatially differentiated between tracking of global speaking rate, highlighting the temporal cortex bilaterally and the right parietal cortex, and sensitivity to local speaking rate variations, emphasizing the left parietal cortex. Cortical tuning to the temporal structure of natural connected speech thus seems to require the joint contribution of both auditory and parietal regions. These findings suggest that cortical tuning to speech rhythm operates on two functionally distinct levels: one encoding the global rhythmic structure of speech and the other associated with online, rapidly evolving temporal predictions. Thus, it may be proposed that speech perception is shaped by evolutionary tuning, a preference for certain speaking rates, and predictive tuning, associated with cortical tracking of the constantly changing-rate of linguistic information in a speech stream.

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