Increased Facilitatory Connectivity from the Pre-SMA to the Left Dorsal Premotor Cortex during Pseudoword Repetition

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa Hartwigsen ◽  
Dorothee Saur ◽  
Cathy J. Price ◽  
Annette Baumgaertner ◽  
Stephan Ulmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Causal Modeling ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex ◽  
Functional Connection ◽  
Word Repetition ◽  
Specific Increase ◽  
Premotor Areas

Previous studies have demonstrated that the repetition of pseudowords engages a network of premotor areas for articulatory planning and articulation. However, it remains unclear how these premotor areas interact and drive one another during speech production. We used fMRI with dynamic causal modeling to investigate effective connectivity between premotor areas during overt repetition of words and pseudowords presented in both the auditory and visual modalities. Regions involved in phonological aspects of language production were identified as those where regional increases in the BOLD signal were common to repetition in both modalities. We thus obtained three seed regions: the bilateral pre-SMA, left dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), and left ventral premotor cortex that were used to test 63 different models of effective connectivity in the premotor network for pseudoword relative to word repetition. The optimal model was identified with Bayesian model selection and reflected a network with driving input to pre-SMA and an increase in facilitatory drive from pre-SMA to PMd during repetition of pseudowords. The task-specific increase in effective connectivity from pre-SMA to left PMd suggests that the pre-SMA plays a supervisory role in the generation and subsequent sequencing of motor plans. Diffusion tensor imaging-based fiber tracking in another group of healthy volunteers showed that the functional connection between both regions is underpinned by a direct cortico-cortical anatomical connection.

scholarly journals Predictive coding account of action perception: Evidence from effective connectivity in the Action Observation Network

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu A. Urgen ◽  
Ayse P. Saygin
Keyword(s):  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Causal Modeling ◽  
Action Perception ◽  
Feedback Connection ◽  
Ventral Premotor Cortex ◽  
Action Observation Network ◽  
Observation Network

AbstractVisual perception of actions is supported by a network of brain regions in the occipito-temporal, parietal, and premotor cortex in the primate brain, known as the Action Observation Network (AON). Although there is a growing body of research that characterizes the functional properties of each node of this network, the communication and direction of information flow between the nodes is unclear. According to the predictive coding account of action perception, this network is not a purely feedforward system but has feedback connections through which prediction error signals are communicated between the regions of the AON. In the present study, we investigated the effective connectivity of the AON in an experimental setting where the human subjects’ predictions about the observed agent were violated, using fMRI and Dynamical Causal Modeling (DCM). We specifically examined the influence of the lowest and highest nodes in the AON hierarchy, pSTS and ventral premotor cortex, respectively, on the middle node, inferior parietal cortex during prediction violation. Our DCM results suggest that the influence on the inferior parietal node is through a feedback connection from ventral premotor cortex during perception of actions that violate people’s predictions.

scholarly journals Dissociating Reading Processes on the Basis of Neuronal Interactions

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1753-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Mechelli ◽  
Jennifer T. Crinion ◽  
Steven Long ◽  
Karl J. Friston ◽  
Matthew A. Lambon Ralph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Word Type ◽  
Causal Modeling ◽  
Fusiform Gyrus ◽  
Double Dissociation ◽  
Neuronal Interactions ◽  
Pars Triangularis ◽  
Selective Increase

Previous studies of patients with phonological and surface alexia have demonstrated a double dissociation between the reading of pseudo words and words with atypical spelling-to-sound relationships. A corresponding double dissociation in the neuronal activation patterns for pseudo words and exception words has not, however, been consistently demonstrated in normal subjects. Motivated by the literature on acquired alexia, the present study contrasted pseudo words to exception words and explored how neuronal interactions within the reading system are influenced by word type. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure neuronal responses during reading in 22 healthy volunteers. The direct comparison of reading pseudo words and exception words revealed a double dissociation within the left frontal cortex. Pseudo words preferentially increased left dorsal premotor activation, whereas exception words preferentially increased left pars triangularis activation. Critically, these areas correspond to those previously associated with phonological and semantic processing, respectively. Word-type dependent interactions between brain areas were then investigated using dynamic causal modeling. This revealed that increased activation in the dorsal premotor cortex for pseudo words was associated with a selective increase in effective connectivity from the posterior fusiform gyrus. In contrast, increased activation in the pars triangularis for exception words was associated with a selective increase in effective connectivity from the anterior fusiform gyrus. The present investigation is the first to identify distinct neuronal mechanisms for semantic and phonological contributions to reading.

Fronto-thalamic dysconnectivity and cognitive control in schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S34-S34
Author(s):  
G. Wagner ◽  
F. De la Cruz ◽  
D. Güllmar ◽  
C.C. Schultz ◽  
K. Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Causal Modeling ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
System Level ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Bold Signal ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

IntroductionSeveral lines of evidence suggest that cognitive deficits represent a core feature of schizophrenia.ObjectivesThe concept of “cognitive dysmetria” has been introduced to characterize disintegration at the system level of frontal-thalamic-cerebellar circuitry which has been regarded as a key network for a wide range of neuropsychological symptoms in schizophrenia.AimsThe present multimodal study aimed at investigating effective and structural connectivity of the frontal-thalamic circuitry in schizophrenia.MethodsUnivariate fMRI data analysis and effective connectivity analysis using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) were combined to examine cognitive control processes in 40 patients with schizophrenia and 40 matched healthy controls. BOLD signal and parameters of effective connectivity were related to parameters of corresponding white matter integrity assessed with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).ResultsIn the DTI analysis, significantly decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) was detected in patients in the right anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), the right thalamus and the right corpus callosum. During Stroop task performance patients demonstrated significantly lower activation relative to healthy controls in a predominantly right lateralized frontal-thalamic-cerebellar network. An abnormal effective connectivity was observed in the right lateralized connections between thalamus, anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. FA in the right ALIC was significantly correlated with the fronto-thalamic BOLD signal, effective connectivity and cognitive performance in patients.ConclusionsPresent data provide evidence for the notion of a structural and functional defect in the prefrontal-thalamic-cerebellar circuitry, which seems to be the basis of the cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Ageing and the ipsilateral M1 BOLD response: a connectivity study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yae Won Tak ◽  
Ethan Knights ◽  
Richard Henson ◽  
Peter Zeidman
Keyword(s):  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Vascular Health ◽  
Bold Response ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex ◽  
Haemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Negative Bold

Young people exhibit a negative BOLD response in ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) when making unilateral movements, such as button presses. This negative BOLD response becomes more positive as people age. Here we investigated why this occurs, in terms of the underlying effective connectivity and haemodynamics. We applied dynamic causal modelling (DCM) to task fMRI data from 635 participants aged 18-88 from the Cam-CAN dataset, who performed a cued button pressing task with their right hand. We found that connectivity from contralateral supplementary motor area (SMA) and dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) to ipsilateral M1 became more positive with age, explaining 44% of the variability across people in ipsilateral M1 responses. Neurovascular and haemodynamic parameters in the model were not able to explain the age-related shift to positive BOLD. Our results add to a body of evidence implicating neural, rather than vascular factors as the predominant cause of negative BOLD - while emphasising the importance of inter-hemispheric connectivity. This study provides a foundation for investigating the clinical and lifestyle factors that determine the sign and amplitude of the M1 BOLD response, which could serve as a proxy for neural and vascular health, via the underlying neurovascular mechanisms.

scholarly journals Ageing and the Ipsilateral M1 BOLD Response: A Connectivity Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1130
Author(s):  
Yae Won Tak ◽  
Ethan Knights ◽  
Richard Henson ◽  
Peter Zeidman
Keyword(s):  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Causal Modeling ◽  
Vascular Health ◽  
Bold Response ◽  
Haemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Negative Bold

Young people exhibit a negative BOLD response in ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) when making unilateral movements, such as button presses. This negative BOLD response becomes more positive as people age. In this study, we investigated why this occurs, in terms of the underlying effective connectivity and haemodynamics. We applied dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to task fMRI data from 635 participants aged 18–88 from the Cam-CAN dataset, who performed a cued button pressing task with their right hand. We found that connectivity from contralateral supplementary motor area (SMA) and dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) to ipsilateral M1 became more positive with age, explaining 44% of the variability across people in ipsilateral M1 responses. In contrast, connectivity from contralateral M1 to ipsilateral M1 was weaker and did not correlate with individual differences in rM1 BOLD. Neurovascular and haemodynamic parameters in the model were not able to explain the age-related shift to positive BOLD. Our results add to a body of evidence implicating neural, rather than vascular factors as the predominant cause of negative BOLD—while emphasising the importance of inter-hemispheric connectivity. This study provides a foundation for investigating the clinical and lifestyle factors that determine the sign and amplitude of the M1 BOLD response in ageing, which could serve as a proxy for neural and vascular health, via the underlying neurovascular mechanisms.

scholarly journals Effective connectivity differences in motor network during passive movement of paretic and non-paretic ankles in subacute stroke patients

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8942
Author(s):  
Marianna Nagy ◽  
Csaba Aranyi ◽  
Gábor Opposits ◽  
Tamás Papp ◽  
Levente Lánczi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
Causal Modeling ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Subacute Stroke ◽  
Motor Network

Background A better understanding of the neural changes associated with paresis in stroke patients could have important implications for therapeutic approaches. Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is commonly used for analyzing effective connectivity patterns of brain networks due to its significant property of modeling neural states behind fMRI signals. We applied this technique to analyze the differences between motor networks (MNW) activated by continuous passive movement (CPM) of paretic and non-paretic ankles in subacute stroke patients. This study aimed to identify CPM induced connectivity characteristics of the primary sensory area (S1) and the differences in extrinsic directed connections of the MNW and to explain the hemodynamic differences of brain regions of MNW. Methods For the network analysis, we used ten stroke patients’ task fMRI data collected under CPMs of both ankles. Regions for the MNW, the primary motor cortex (M1), the premotor cortex (PM), the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the S1 were defined in a data-driven way, by independent component analysis. For the network analysis of both CPMs, we compared twelve models organized into two model-families, depending on the S1 connections and input stimulus modeling. Using DCM, we evaluated the extrinsic connectivity strengths and hemodynamic parameters of both stimulations of all patients. Results After a statistical comparison of the extrinsic connections and their modulations of the “best model”, we concluded that three contralateral self-inhibitions (cM1, cS1 and cSMA), one contralateral inter-regional connection (cSMA→cM1), and one interhemispheric connection (cM1→iM1) were significantly different. Our research shows that hemodynamic parameters can be estimated with the Balloon model using DCM but the parameters do not change with stroke. Conclusions Our results confirm that the DCM-based connectivity analyses combined with Bayesian model selection may be a useful technique for quantifying the alteration or differences in the characteristics of the motor network in subacute stage stroke patients and in determining the degree of MNW changes.

scholarly journals Neural Network Underlying Recovery from Disowned Bodily States Induced by the Rubber Hand Illusion

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Seon Lee ◽  
Younbyoung Chae
Keyword(s):  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Causal Modeling ◽  
Rubber Hand Illusion ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Bodily States

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate how causal influences between brain regions during the rubber hand illusion (RHI) are modulated by tactile and visual stimuli. We applied needle rotations during the RHI in two different ways: one was with the real hand (reinstantiation by tactile stimuli, R-TS) and the other was with the rubber hand (reinstantiation by visual stimuli, R-VS). We used dynamic causal modeling to investigate interactions among four relevant brain regions: the ventral premotor cortex (PMv), the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), and the lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOC). The tactile aspects of needle rotations changed the effective connectivity by directly influencing activity in the SII, whereas visual aspects of needle rotation changed the effective connectivity by influencing both the SII and the LOC. The endogenous connectivity parameters between the IPS and the PMv were reduced significantly in the R-TS condition. The modulatory parameters between the IPS and the PMv were enhanced significantly in the R-TS condition. The connectivity patterns driven by disowned bodily states could be differentially modulated by tactile and visual afferent inputs. Effective connectivity between the parietal and frontal multimodal areas may play important roles in the reinstantiation of body ownership.

scholarly journals Interactions between pairs of transcranial magnetic stimuli over the human left dorsal premotor cortex differ from those seen in primary motor cortex

2007 ◽  
Vol 578 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Koch ◽  
Michele Franca ◽  
Hitoshi Mochizuki ◽  
Barbara Marconi ◽  
Carlo Caltagirone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex

Modest Gaze-Related Discharge Modulation in Monkey Dorsal Premotor Cortex During a Reaching Task Performed With Free Fixation

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 1064-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cisek ◽  
John F. Kalaska
Keyword(s):  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Reaching Task ◽  
Oculomotor Behavior ◽  
Arm Reaching ◽  
Gaze Angle

Recent studies have shown that gaze angle modulates reach-related neural activity in many cortical areas, including the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), when gaze direction is experimentally controlled by lengthy periods of imposed fixation. We looked for gaze-related modulation in PMd during the brief fixations that occur when a monkey is allowed to look around freely without experimentally imposed gaze control while performing a center-out delayed arm-reaching task. During the course of the instructed-delay period, we found significant effects of gaze angle in 27–51% of PMd cells. However, for 90–95% of cells, these effects accounted for <20% of the observed discharge variance. The effect of gaze was significantly weaker than the effect of reach-related variables. In particular, cell activity during the delay period was more strongly related to the intended movement expressed in arm-related coordinates than in gaze-related coordinates. Under the same experimental conditions, many cells in medial parietal cortex exhibited much stronger gaze-related modulation and expressed intended movement in gaze-related coordinates. In summary, gaze direction-related modulation of cell activity is indeed expressed in PMd during the brief fixations that occur in natural oculomotor behavior, but its overall effect on cell activity is modest.

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