scholarly journals Rhythm Violation Enhances Auditory-Evoked Responses to the Extent of Overriding Sensory Adaptation in Passive Listening

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1654-1671
Author(s):  
Melisa Menceloglu ◽  
Marcia Grabowecky ◽  
Satoru Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Tone Presentation ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Temporal Expectation ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Delay Dependent ◽  
Adaptation Effects

Sensory systems utilize temporal structure in the environment to build expectations about the timing of forthcoming events. We investigated the effects of rhythm-based temporal expectation on auditory responses measured with EEG recorded from the frontocentral sites implicated in auditory processing. By manipulating temporal expectation and the interonset interval (IOI) of tones, we examined how neural responses adapted to auditory rhythm and reacted to stimuli that violated the rhythm. Participants passively listened to the tones while watching a silent nature video. In Experiment 1 ( n = 22), in the long-IOI block, tones were frequently presented (80%) with 1.7-sec IOI and infrequently presented (20%) with 1.2-sec IOI, generating unexpectedly early tones that violated temporal expectation. Conversely, in the short-IOI block, tones were frequently presented with 1.2-sec IOI and infrequently presented with 1.7-sec IOI, generating late tones. We analyzed the tone-evoked N1–P2 amplitude of ERPs and intertrial phase clustering in the theta–alpha band. The results provided evidence of strong delay-dependent adaptation effects (short-term, sensitive to IOI), weak cumulative adaptation effects (long-term, driven by tone repetition over time), and robust temporal-expectation violation effects over and above the adaptation effects. Experiment 2 ( n = 22) repeated Experiment 1 with shorter IOIs of 1.2 and 0.7 sec. Overall, we found evidence of strong delay-dependent adaptation effects, weak cumulative adaptation effects (which may most efficiently accumulate at the tone presentation rate of ∼1 Hz), and robust temporal-expectation violation effects that substantially boost auditory responses to the extent of overriding the delay-dependent adaptation effects likely through mechanisms involved in exogenous attention.

scholarly journals Assessing auditory processing endophenotypes associated with Schizophrenia in individuals with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana A. Francisco ◽  
John J. Foxe ◽  
Douwe J. Horsthuis ◽  
Danielle DeMaio ◽  
Sophie Molholm
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Adaptation Effects

AbstractBackground22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the strongest known molecular risk factor for schizophrenia. Brain responses to auditory stimuli have been studied extensively in schizophrenia and described as potential biomarkers of vulnerability to psychosis. We sought to understand whether these responses might aid in differentiating individuals with 22q11.2DS as a function of psychotic symptoms, and ultimately serve as signals of risk for schizophrenia.MethodsA duration oddball paradigm and high-density electrophysiology were used to test auditory processing in 26 individuals with 22q11.2DS (13-35 years old, 17 females) with varying degrees of psychotic symptomatology and in 26 age- and sex-matched neurotypical controls (NT). Presentation rate varied across three levels, to examine the effect of increasing demands on memory and the integrity of sensory adaptation. We tested whether N1 and mismatch negativity (MMN), typically reduced in schizophrenia, related to clinical/cognitive measures, and how they were affected by presentation rate.ResultsN1 adaptation effects interacted with psychotic symptomatology: Compared to an NT group, individuals with 22q11.2DS but no psychotic symptomatology presented larger adaptation effects, whereas those with psychotic symptomatology presented smaller effects. In contrast, individuals with 22q11.2DS showed increased effects of presentation rate on MMN amplitude, regardless of the presence of symptoms. While IQ and working memory were lower in the 22q11.2DS group, these measures did not correlate with the electrophysiological data.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the presence of two distinct mechanisms: One intrinsic to 22q11.2DS resulting in increased N1 and MMN responses; another related to psychosis leading to a decreased N1 response.

scholarly journals Slow phase-locked endogenous modulations support selective attention to sound

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kachlicka ◽  
Aeron Laffere ◽  
Fred Dick ◽  
Adam Tierney
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Tone Duration ◽  
Attentional Modulation ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Passive Response

AbstractTo make sense of complex soundscapes, listeners must select and attend to task-relevant streams while ignoring uninformative sounds. One possible neural mechanism underlying this process is alignment of endogenous oscillations with the temporal structure of the target sound stream. Such a mechanism has been suggested to mediate attentional modulation of neural phase-locking to the rhythms of attended sounds. However, such modulations are compatible with an alternate framework, where attention acts as a filter that enhances exogenously-driven neural auditory responses. Here we attempted to adjudicate between theoretical accounts by playing two tone steams varying across condition in tone duration and presentation rate; participants attended to one stream or listened passively. Attentional modulation of the evoked waveform was roughly sinusoidal and scaled with rate, while the passive response did not. This suggests that auditory attentional selection is carried out via phase-locking of slow endogenous neural rhythms.

scholarly journals Early differences in auditory processing relate to Autism Spectrum Disorder traits in infants with Neurofibromatosis Type I

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannath Begum-Ali ◽  
◽  
Anna Kolesnik-Taylor ◽  
Isabel Quiroz ◽  
Luke Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sensory Reactivity ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Repetition Suppression ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Background Sensory modulation difficulties are common in children with conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and could contribute to other social and non-social symptoms. Positing a causal role for sensory processing differences requires observing atypical sensory reactivity prior to the emergence of other symptoms, which can be achieved through prospective studies. Methods In this longitudinal study, we examined auditory repetition suppression and change detection at 5 and 10 months in infants with and without Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), a condition associated with higher likelihood of developing ASD. Results In typically developing infants, suppression to vowel repetition and enhanced responses to vowel/pitch change decreased with age over posterior regions, becoming more frontally specific; age-related change was diminished in the NF1 group. Whilst both groups detected changes in vowel and pitch, the NF1 group were largely slower to show a differentiated neural response. Auditory responses did not relate to later language, but were related to later ASD traits. Conclusions These findings represent the first demonstration of atypical brain responses to sounds in infants with NF1 and suggest they may relate to the likelihood of later ASD.

Auditory Responses

2017 ◽  
pp. 200-213
Author(s):  
Riitta Hari ◽  
Aina Puce
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Auditory Cortices

This chapter briefly describes the various types of evoked and event-related responses that can be recorded in response to auditory stimulation, such as clicks and tones, and speech. Transient auditory-evoked responses are generally grouped into three major categories according to their latencies: (a) brainstem auditory evoked potentials occur within the first 10 ms, typically with 5–7 deflections, (b) middle-latency auditory-evoked potentials occur within 12 to 50 ms, and (c) long-latency auditory-evoked potentials range from about 50 to 250 ms with generators in the supratemporal auditory cortex. Steady-state auditory responses can be elicited by periodic stimuli, They can be used in frequency-tagging experiments, for example in following inputs from the left and right ear to the auditory cortices of both hemispheres.

Auditory Evoked Response Data Reduction by PCA: Development of Variables Sensitive to Reading Disability

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Duffy ◽  
Ignacio Valencia ◽  
Gloria B. McAnulty ◽  
Deborah P. Waber
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Poor Readers ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Good Readers ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Reading Score ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Auditory Evoked Response

Long latency auditory evoked responses (AER) were formed on 232 healthy normal and learning impaired subjects to tone pairs of 50 msec inter-stimulus interval (TALAER) and also to the words “tight” and “tyke” (TTAER). Both evoked potential (EP) types have been used to demonstrate differences between good readers (WIAT Basic Reading score > 115, N=42) and poor readers (Reading score < 85, N=42). A largely automated, hands off approach was used to reduce artifact contamination, to develop canonical measures for discriminating good from poor readers, and to predict reading scores across the entire population including intermediate (average) readers. Eye and muscle artifact were diminished by multiple regression. Substantial EP data reduction was enabled by an unrestricted use of Principal Components Analysis (PCA). For each EP type, 40 factors encompassed 70–80% of initial variance, a meaningful data reduction of about 90:1. Factor interpretation was enhanced by mapping of the factor loadings. By discriminant analysis, resulting factors predicted reading group membership with over 80% jackknifed and also split-half replication accuracy. By multiple regression, they produced a canonical variate correlating significantly (p<0.001) with the Basic Reading score (r=0.39). The TTAER factors were more useful than the TALAER factors. The relevance of rapid auditory processing and phonemic discrimination measurements to dyslexia is discussed.

Auditory Processing in Children's Speech Perception

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan E. Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Selective Adaptation ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Acoustic Processing ◽  
Processing Differences ◽  
Children's Speech ◽  
The Continuum ◽  
Adaptation Effects

Five- to six-year-old children and adults participated in discrimination and selective adaptation speech perception tasks using a synthetic consonant-vowel continuum ranging from [bal to Ida]. In one condition of selective adaptation, attention was focused on the adapting stimulus, the continuum-endpoint ba], with a whispering task. In another condition, attention was focused away from the continuum-endpoint [da] adaptor to contralaterally presented syllables " she " and " see ." Results, compared with two more typical adaptation conditions, indicated that focused attention did not augment selective adaptation effects, particularly for children who showed smaller effects with focused attention on the adaptor. In contrast to adults, children did not significantly change labeling responses after exposure to endpoint-[ba] adaptors, results matching those of Sussman and Carney (1989). However, children did significantly change labeling following exposure to endpoint-[da] adaptors. Discrimination findings with five-formant consonant-vowel and single-formant stimuli supported the importance of acoustic processing for the selective adaptation tasks performed. Together, results support hypotheses of sensory processing differences in younger, normally developing children compared with adults and show that such abilities appear to be related to speech perception skills.

scholarly journals Modulation of auditory responses by visual inputs in the mouse auditory cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudha Sharma ◽  
Hemant Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Sharba Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Layer 2

AbstractSo far, our understanding on the role of the auditory cortex (ACX) in processing visual information has been limited to infragranular layers of the ACX, which have been shown to respond to visual stimulation. Here, we investigate the neurons in supragranular layers of the mouse ACX using 2-photon calcium imaging. Contrary to previous reports, here we show that more than 20% of responding neurons in layer2/3 of the ACX respond to full-field visual stimulation. These responses occur by both excitation and hyperpolarization. The primary ACX (A1) has a greater proportion of visual responses by hyperpolarization compared to excitation likely driven by inhibitory neurons of the infragranular layers of the ACX rather than local layer 2/3 inhibitory neurons. Further, we found that more than 60% of neurons in the layer 2/3 of A1 are multisensory in nature. We also show the presence of multisensory neurons in close proximity to exclusive auditory neurons and that there is a reduction in the noise correlations of the recorded neurons during multisensory presentation. This is evidence in favour of deep and intricate visual influence over auditory processing. The results have strong implications for decoding visual influences over the early auditory cortical regions.Significance statementTo understand, what features of our visual world are processed in the auditory cortex (ACX), understanding response properties of auditory cortical neurons to visual stimuli is important. Here, we show the presence of visual and multisensory responses in the supragranular layers of the ACX. Hyperpolarization to visual stimulation is more commonly observed in the primary ACX. Multisensory stimulation results in suppression of responses compared to unisensory stimulation and an overall decrease in noise correlation in the primary ACX. The close-knit architecture of these neurons with auditory specific neurons suggests the influence of non-auditory stimuli on the auditory processing.

scholarly journals Target of selective auditory attention can be robustly followed with MEG

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dovilė Kurmanavičiūtė ◽  
Antti Rantala ◽  
Mainak Jas ◽  
Anne Välilä ◽  
Lauri Parkkonen
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Source Level ◽  
The Right

AbstractSelective auditory attention enables filtering relevant from irrelevant acoustic information. Specific auditory responses, measurable by electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG), are known to be modulated by attention to the evoking stimuli. However, these attention effects are typically demonstrated in averaged responses and their robustness in single trials is not studied extensively.We applied decoding algorithms to MEG to investigate how well the target of auditory attention could be determined from single responses and which spatial and temporal aspects of the responses carry most of the information regarding the target of attention. To this end, we recorded brain responses of 15 healthy subjects with MEG when they selectively attended to one of the simultaneously presented auditory streams of words “Yes” and “No”. A support vector machine was trained on the MEG data both at the sensor and source level to predict at every trial which stream was attended.Sensor-level decoding of the attended stream using the entire 2-s epoch resulted in a mean accuracy of 93%±1% (range 83–99% across subjects). Time-resolved decoding revealed that the highest accuracies were obtained 200–350 ms after the stimulus onset. Spatially-resolved source-level decoding indicated that the cortical sources most informative of the attended stream were located primarily in the auditory cortex, especially in the right hemi-sphere.Our result corroborates attentional modulation of auditory evoked responses also to naturalistic stimuli. The achieved high decoding accuracy could enable the use of our experimental paradigm and classification method in a brain–computer interface.

scholarly journals Analysis methods for measuring fNIRS responses generated by a block-design paradigm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Luke ◽  
Eric Larson ◽  
Maureen J Shader ◽  
Hamish Innes-Brown ◽  
Lindsey Van Yper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Systemic Hemodynamic ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Design Paradigm ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

OverviewSignificancefNIRS is an increasingly popular tool in auditory research, but the range of analysis procedures employed across studies complicates interpretation of data.AimTo assess the impact of different analysis procedures on the morphology, detection, and lateralization of auditory responses in fNIRS. Specifically, whether averaging or GLM-based analyses generate different experimental conclusions, when applied to a block-protocol design. The impact of parameter selection of GLMs on detecting auditory-evoked responses was also quantified.Approach17 listeners were exposed to three commonly employed auditory stimuli: noise, speech, and silence. A block design was employed, comprising sounds of 5-s duration, and 10–20 s silent intervals.ResultsBoth analysis procedures generated similar response morphologies and amplitude estimates, and both also indicated responses to speech to be significantly greater than to noise and silence. Neither approach indicated a significant effect of brain hemisphere on responses to speech. Methods to correct for systemic hemodynamic responses using short channels improved detection at the individual level.ConclusionsConsistent with theoretical considerations, simulations, and other experimental domains, GLM and averaging analyses generate the same group-level experimental conclusions. We release this dataset publicly for use in future development and optimization of algorithms.

Vestibular Evoked Potentials in Response to Direct Unilateral Mechanical Stimulation

1989 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin S. Coale ◽  
Edward J. Walsh ◽  
JoAnn McGee ◽  
Horst R. Konrad
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Horizontal Semicircular Canal ◽  
Horizontal Canal ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Potentials

Evoked potentials produced by direct unilateral mechanical stimuiation of the cannulated horizontal semicircular canal were investigated parametrically in anesthetized adult cats (40 mg/kg pentobarbital). Stimuli were fluid pressure pulses in a closed hydraulic system (no net flow), which was coupled to the lateral semicircular canal near the ampulla. Hydraulic waveform output and fluid pressure was monitored In situ via a parallel hydraulic circuit during experiments. Maximum fluid displacement at the level of the horizontal canal was 0.025 microliters. The intensity, duration, and presentation rate of the stimulus were varied during experiments. Field potentials were recorded differentially using subdermal electrodes, with the active lead in the region of the mastoid referenced to a distant nasal site. A total of 256 trials was accumulated for each run using an averaging computer. Evoked responses were physiologically vulnerable and reproducible, with little variance among animals. Response amplitude Increased monotonically until saturation was noted and responses followed the temporal structure of the pressure wave. Polarity reversal with differir electrode placement suggests that the generator site lies within the mastoid. Buhner, intense broadband acoustic stimuli and eighth nerve sectioning did not affect the vestibular evoked potentials, but could be shown to abolish the auditory evoked potentials. Results of these experiments support the notion that vestibular evoked potentials are related to the first derivative of the pressure pulse waveforms. Future experiments will be directed toward the assessment of vestibular physiology and pharmacology with this evoked response method.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document