Hirschmanniella kwazuna sp. n. from South Africa with notes on a new record of H. spinicaudata (Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1944) Luc & Goodey, 1964 (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) and on the molecular phylogeny of Hirschmanniella Luc & Goodey, 1964

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Van den Berg ◽  
Sergei A. Subbotin ◽  
Zafar A. Handoo ◽  
Louwrens R. Tiedt
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Its Rrna ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
First Time

Abstract A new species of the genus Hirschmanniella, H. kwazuna sp. n., is described from unidentified grass growing in undisturbed veldt from South Africa. Hirschmanniella kwazuna sp. n. is characterised by having a very irregular heat-relaxed body posture, body 1522-2049 μm long, lip region low and rounded with four or five lip annuli, stylet 18-22.5 μm long, lateral field areolated along entire body, spermatheca filled with sperm, tail with 62-81 ventral annuli narrowing to a tip bearing a ventral mucro, angular crystal-like inclusions within body cavity in most of the specimens and phasmid situated 12-24 annuli or 15-26 μm anterior to tail tip. Males, like females, have crystal-like inclusions with the tail curved strongly dorsad in most specimens. Juveniles are similar to females. Molecular sequence analysis using the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S, partial 18S and ITS rRNA sequences distinguished H. kwazuna sp. n. from H. loofi and other species of the genus. Hirschmanniella spinicaudata is reported from South Africa for the first time and described. Phylogenetic analyses based on analysis of the D2-D3, 18S and ITS rRNA genes are given for eight, ten and five valid and unidentified Hirschmanniella species, respectively.

Molecular phylogeny of several species of Hoplolaimina (Nematoda: Tylenchida) associated with turfgrass in Korea, with comments on their morphology

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Abraham Okki Mwamula ◽  
Gayeong Lee ◽  
Yeong Ho Kim ◽  
Young Ho Kim ◽  
Kwang-Soo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Its Rrna ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pratylenchus Zeae

Summary Seven species belonging to Suborder Hoplolaimina are characterised using integrative taxonomy, considering both morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the 28S-rRNA, ITS-rRNA and COI gene sequences. It is evident that, as more populations of Pratylenchus zeae are continuously characterised, the species continues to display an ever-increasing intraspecific genetic variation within the 28S-rRNA and ITS-rRNA genes. However, the COI gene sequences exhibit minimum intraspecific variation and thus might be the most powerful DNA barcoding marker for the precise identification of P. zeae and should therefore be recommended as a complementary technique in the identification process of the species. Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne graminicola and Heterodera pratensis are characterised herein for the first time in Korea, while the presence in Korea of P. penetrans, P. scribneri, H. avenae, and M. marylandi, is molecularly confirmed.

Characterisation of some Scutellonema species (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae) occurring in Botswana, South Africa, Costa Rica and the USA, with description of S. clavicaudatum sp. n. and a molecular phylogeny of the genus

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Van den Berg ◽  
Louwrens R. Tiedt ◽  
Jason D. Stanley ◽  
Renato N. Inserra ◽  
Sergei A. Subbotin
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Its Rrna ◽  
High Level

The genusScutellonemacontains more than 40 species of spiral nematodes with enlarged phasmids called scutella. In this study, we provide morphological and molecular characterisation ofS. clavicaudatumsp. n.,S. brachyurus,S. bradys,S. cavenessi,S. transvaalense,S. truncatumandScutellonemasp. A. from North and Central America, and Africa. The new species,S. clavicaudatumsp. n., was found on sugarcane in South Africa and is characterised by a lack of lip annuli as inS. africanum,S. siamenseandS. truncatum. The lip region, in both males and females, is conical and marked by six large rectangular blocks separated or fused with the submedian and lateral lip sectors, which surround a round and distinct labial disc. Females of this new species also have large vaginal glands, a functional spermatheca, the lateral field posterior to the scutellum ending in a bluntly pointed shape and a clavate tail. Morphological descriptions, measurements, light and scanning electron microscopic photos and drawings are also given forS. bradys,S. cavenessi,S. transvaalenseandS. truncatum. The study of spiral nematode samples from Florida, USA, confirmed the presence of a morphologically and genetically atypical populations ofS. bradys. The morphology of theS. bradyspopulation from Bermuda grass in pasture land from central Florida fits that of type specimens of this species, but differs in having a truncate tail terminus rather than round and also a prominent spermatheca filled with flagellate spermatozoa. Other FloridaScutellonemasamples analysed in this study belonged toS. cavenessi, a species native to West Africa. This is the first report ofS. cavenessiin Florida, where it parasitises the ornamental plantSansevieria trifasciata. Our study showed a high level of intraspecific variation forScutellonemarRNA and mtDNA genes, which can reach 5.6% for the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, 12.9% for the ITS rRNA genes and 14.4% for theCOIgene. Phylogenetic relationships withinScutellonemaare given as inferred from the analyses of the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA and theCOImtDNA gene sequences.

Description of Ditylenchus acantholimonis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Anguinidae) from Iran, a morphological and molecular phylogenetic study

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Samira Aliverdi ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Majid Pedram
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Pharyngeal Bulb ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
Tail Tip

Summary Ditylenchus acantholimonis n. sp. is described based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characters. It was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Acantholimon sp. in Golestan province, Iran, and is mainly characterised by having four lines in the lateral field, a pyriform to bottle-shaped offset pharyngeal bulb, post-vulval uterine sac 36.6-56.1% of the vulva to anus distance long, and a subcylindrical to conical tail with widely rounded tip. It is further characterised by short to medium-sized females, 480-617 μm long, with a fine stylet having small rounded knobs, V = 80.8-83.6, c = 11.0-13.8, c′ = 3.3-4.6, and males with 16.0-17.0 μm long spicules. The new species was morphologically compared with six species having four lines in their lateral field, rounded tail tip and comparable morphometric data namely: D. dipsacoideus, D. emus, D. exilis, D. paraparvus, D. sturhani, and D. solani. It was also compared with two species, D. ferepolitor and D. angustus, forming a maximally supported clade in the 18S tree. The phylogenetic analyses using the maximal number of Anguinidae and several Sphaerularioidea genera based upon partial 18S and 28S rDNA D2-D3 sequences revealed that Ditylenchus is polyphyletic. In the 18S tree, the new species formed a clade with D. ferepolitor (KJ636374) and D. angustus (AJ966483); in the 28S tree it formed a poorly supported clade with D. phyllobios (KT192618) and Ditylenchus sp. (MG865719).

Redescription of Ektaphelenchoides compsi Baujard, 1984 (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) isolated from Pinus massoniana in Fujian Province, China

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hongmei Li ◽  
Jianfeng Gu ◽  
Yiwu Fang ◽  
Xinxin Ma ◽  
Maria Munawar
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Female Gonad ◽  
Fujian Province ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Female Tail

Summary Ektaphelenchoides compsi is redescribed morphologically with new molecular characterisation. It was isolated from a dead Pinus massoniana tree in Ningde City, Fujian Province, China. Detailed morphology of the spicule, female gonad, hemizonid position, arrangement of male caudal papillae and female tail terminus shape are documented. It is characterised by a lateral field with three lines (forming two bands), tripartite stylet 17.8 (17.0-19.4) μm long without basal thickenings, metacorpus rectangular with anterior 40% granular and posterior part weakly muscular, metacorpal valve slightly posterior to middle of metacorpus, excretory pore at level of nerve ring, vagina with thickened walls and strongly developed muscular bundles, vulval lips slightly protuberant, vulval flap absent, distal region of post-vulval uterine sac appearing as a weakly developed oogonia, anus and rectum indistinct, female posterior part (‘tail’) dorsally convex, conical, terminal region contracted into a bluntly pointed tip. The spicules are arcuate, 15.6 (14.3-16.3) μm along the chord, lamina smoothly curved to distal end, capitulum slightly concave, condylus well-developed with broadly rounded tip and slightly depressed at dorsal end, rostrum triangular with finely rounded tip, cucullus absent, and with seven caudal papillae present. The near full length 18S and 28S D2-D3 regions of rRNA genes sequences were characterised. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that the Fujian population of E. compsi grouped with the Zhejiang population of E. compsi, both being morphologically identical.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Distolabrellus veechi (Rhabditida: Mesorhabditidae) from India

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman ◽  
Aashaq Hussain Bhat ◽  
Aasha ◽  
Ashok Kumar Chaubey ◽  
Joaquín Abolafia
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Soil Baiting ◽  
Its Rrna ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rrna Sequences

Summary A redescription of Distolabrellus veechi (Rhabditida: Mesorhabditidae) from agricultural soils in Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh, India, is provided. Specimens were extracted from soil using the Galleria soil baiting technique, with two strains of nematodes named JP1 and JP2 being obtained. Morphological and morphometric studies on the species agree well with previous records. Molecular analyses are provided using 18S, 28S and ITS rRNA sequences, the ITS sequences being obtained for the first time in this species. These analyses show that the material examined agrees well with previously studied populations. Phylogenetic analyses showed Distolabrellus to be the sister group of Crustorhabditis and Teratorhabditis, all having the male spicules fused for more than 50% of their length. Illustrations and phylogenetic trees based on 18S, 28S and ITS rRNA sequences are provided.

Description of two new species, Aphanolaimus strilliae n. sp. (Nematoda:Aphanolaimidae) and Makatinus africanus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aporcelaimidae), and SEM observations on three known species from freshwater sources in the Telperion Nature Reserve (Mpumalanga, South Africa)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4651 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-234
Author(s):  
CHANTELLE GIRGAN ◽  
MARIETTE MARAIS ◽  
HENDRIKA FOURIE ◽  
LOURENS TIEDT ◽  
ANTOINETTE SWART
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
New Species ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Long Tail ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Lateral Body ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aphanolaimus strilliae n. sp. and Makatinus africanus n. sp. are described from freshwater sources in the Telperion Nature Reserve, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Aphanolaimus strilliae n. sp. is characterised by a body length of 1240–1613 μm, more than 800 body annules, lateral field originating between the first and second lateral body pore at the 34th–46th annule, first lateral body pore located at the 25th–35th annule, vagina V-shaped and bent anteriorly, 142–195 µm long uterus and 165–207 µm long tail with spinneret offset. This species is ovoviviparous and no males were found. Makatinus africanus n. sp. is characterised by a large, thick body (3228–4128 μm long, a = 30–39 wide), slightly set off lip region with amalgamated lips; 31–34 μm long odontostyle; long tongue-shaped cardia, and stout, short tail (30–43 μm long) with a small peg / digitate extension and male absent. Populations of three known species, Chronogaster africana, Eutobrilus annetteae and Neotobrilus ampiei, from fresh water at the Telperion Nature Reserve are described and scanning electron microscope graphs of these species published for the first time. 

scholarly journals Diversity of Diatrypaceae Species Associated with Dieback of Grapevines in South Africa, with the Description of Eutypa cremea sp. nov.

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Providence Moyo ◽  
Lizel Mostert ◽  
Christoffel F.J. Spies ◽  
Ulrike Damm ◽  
Francois Halleen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Canker Pathogen ◽  
Grapevine Canker ◽  
First Time

Recent studies in grape-growing areas including Australia, California, and Spain have revealed an extensive diversity of Diatrypaceae species on grapevines showing dieback symptoms and cankers. However, in South Africa, little is known regarding the diversity of these species in vineyards. The aim of this study was, therefore, to identify and characterize Diatrypaceae species associated with dieback symptoms of grapevine in South Africa. Isolates were collected from dying spurs of grapevines aged 4 to 8 years old, grapevine wood showing wedge-shaped necrosis when cut in cross section as well as from perithecia on dead grapevine wood. The collected isolates were identified based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and β-tubulin gene. Seven Diatrypaceae species were identified on grapevine, namely Cryptovalsa ampelina, C. rabenhorstii, Eutypa consobrina, E. lata, E. cremea sp. nov., Eutypella citricola, and E. microtheca. The dying spurs yielded the highest diversity of species when compared with the wedge-shaped necrosis and/or perithecia. C. ampelina was the dominant species in the dying spurs, followed by E. citricola, whereas E. lata was the dominant species isolated from the wedge-shaped necroses and perithecia. These results confirm E. lata as an important grapevine canker pathogen in South Africa, but the frequent association of C. ampelina with spur dieback suggests that this pathogen plays a more prominent role in dieback than previously assumed. In some cases, more than one species were isolated from a single symptom, which suggests that interactions may be occurring leading to decline of grapevines. C. rabenhorstii, E. consobrina, E. citricola, E. microtheca, and E. cremea are reported for the first time on grapevine in South Africa.

Morphological and molecular characterization of cucullanid nematodes including Cucullanus opisthoporus n. sp. in freshwater fish from the Brazilian Amazon

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. Pereira ◽  
J.L. Luque
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
First Time

AbstractMolecular and morphological characterization of two species of Cucullanidae from freshwater fish in Brazil are provided, one of which represented an undescribed taxon. Cucullanus opisthoporus n. sp. was collected in Cichla melaniae from River Xingu, State of Pará, and in C. pinima from River Jamarí, State of Rondônia. Nematodes referable to Cucullanus grandistomis were collected in Oxydoras niger from River Xingu. The new species has an appendage in the tail tip, ventrally covered by small spines, which is an exclusive feature of Cucullanus tucunarensis. However, C. tucunarensis differs from C. opisthoporus n. sp. based upon the relative position of deirids and the excretory pore, which are more posterior from the oesophageal end in the new species. Observations of C. tucunarensis type specimens also revealed features that were wrongly or not reported in the original description. Type specimens of C. grandistomis were observed, although they were poorly preserved. After evaluation of newly collected specimens of C. grandistomis, features unreported in the original description were observed for the first time, including the presence of an intestinal caecum. Thus, C. grandistomis was transferred to Dichelyne. Sequences of the 18S and 28S rRNA genes revealed high genetic similarity between the specimens of C. opisthoporus n. sp. from the two different hosts as well as their genetic distance from Dichelyne grandistomis n. comb. Phylogenetic reconstructions using representatives of Cucullanidae suggested the artificiality of the current morphological system adopted to separate the genera, since most genera were not monophyletic, although the availability of genetic data is still fragmented.

Redescriptions of three trachelocercid ciliates (Protista, Ciliophora, Karyorelictea), with notes on their phylogeny based on small subunit rRNA gene sequences

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_9) ◽  
pp. 3506-3514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yan ◽  
Yuan Xu ◽  
Zhenzhen Yi ◽  
Alan Warren
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
First Time

Three trachelocercid ciliates, Kovalevaia sulcata (Kovaleva, 1966) Foissner, 1997, Trachelocerca sagitta (Müller, 1786) Ehrenberg, 1840 and Trachelocerca ditis (Wright, 1982) Foissner, 1996, isolated from two coastal habitats at Qingdao, China, were investigated using live observation and silver impregnation methods. Data on their infraciliature and morphology are supplied. The small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) genes of K. sulcata and Trachelocerca sagitta were sequenced for the first time. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA gene sequence data indicate that both organisms, and the previously sequenced Trachelocerca ditis, are located within the trachelocercid assemblage and that K. sulcata is sister to an unidentified taxon forming a clade that is basal to the core trachelocercids.

Anguina woodi sp. n. (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) from dune grass, Ehrharta villosa, in South Africa

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette Swart ◽  
Sergei Subbotin ◽  
Louwrens Tiedt ◽  
Ian Riley
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Methods ◽  
High Bootstrap ◽  
C Value ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dune Grass

Abstract Anguina woodi sp. n. was found in galls on dune grass, Ehrharta villosa var. villosa, on Milnerton Beach, South Africa. Mature galls varied in colour from purplish to brown and formed elongated to round elevations on the stems, leaf sheaths and, occasionally, the leaf blades. The adult females of Anguina woodi sp. n. are 1.6-2.7 mm long and coiled into a circle or spiral. Adult males were 1.4-2.1 mm long, straight or slightly curved ventrad or dorsad. Second-stage juveniles (J2) were more or less straight with a prominent mucro on the tail. A few larger juveniles, probably J3 and J4, with developing gonads were also found. Morphological, morphometric and molecular analyses showed that Anguina woodi sp. n. is closely related to A. australis Steiner, 1940 and, to a lesser extent, to A. microlaenae (Fawcett, 1938) Steiner, 1940. From A. australis it differs mainly in a slightly longer female stylet (9.5-15.5 vs 8.0-11.1 μm) and wider female head (8.6-11 vs 7.4 μm); a slightly longer male stylet (10.5-12.0 vs 10-11 μm) and longer spicule (33-36 vs 26.5-35.3 μm), and a longer tail (72-96 vs 49-68 μm) and slightly higher c-value (7.3-12 vs 6.1-8.1) in the J2. The mucro on the tail tip of the J2 of A. woodi sp. n. is also more prominent and, on average, longer than the mucro in A. australis (3.3 vs 1.5 μm). Anguina woodi sp. n. differs from A. microlaenae mainly in the appearance of the galls incited (roundish elevations attached to the substrate by a flattened base vs pedunculate galls attached to the substrate by a narrow base), a longer stylet in both females and males (8-9 μm long in females and males of A. microlaenae), body of male curved ventrad or dorsad in A. woodi sp. n. (dorsad in males of A. microlaenae) and female tail in A. woodi sp. n. tapering gradually to a sub-acute tip vs a prominent peg-like process in A. microlaenae. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS1 sequences of 19 anguinid populations and species using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods revealed that A. woodi sp. n. clustered with high bootstrap support with A. australis. The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 fragment sequence differed between these species by 20 nucleotides (2.6%). The J2 of A. australis is herein described for the first time and is compared with the J2 of A. woodi sp. n. Phylogenetic relationships of A. woodi sp. n. with other anguinids parasitising grasses are presented.

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