A multivariate analysis of geographic variation in the Trapelus agilis complex (Sauria: Agamidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Iranian Plateau ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Southwestern Iran ◽  
Primary Groups ◽  
Former Ussr

AbstractThe "Trapelus agilis complex" encompasses three conventional taxa: T. a. agilis (Olivier), T. a. isolepis (Boulenger), and T. a. sanguinolentus (= T. sanguinolentus) (Pallas). In previous studies the author revised this complex, synonymized T. a. isolepis with T. a. agilis, and recognized four distinct subspecies within the complex: T. a. agilis from central Iranian Plateau, southern Afghanistan, and southwestern Pakistan; T. a. sanguinolentus from northeastern Iran, northern Afghanistan, and the Central Asian Republics of the former USSR as well as Daghestan; T. a. khuzistanensis from the lowland southwestern Iran; and T. a. pakistanensis from southeastern Pakistan as well as adjoining northwestern India. In order to re-evaluate this judgment and to resolve the patterns of geographic variation within and among the mentioned four taxa, cluster analysis, principal components analysis, and canonical variate analysis were employed using 18 most informative morphological characters recorded for 522 undamaged and fully-grown specimens belonging to 19 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) throughout the range. The principal components as well as canonical variate analyses identified four primary groups of individuals corresponding to the four taxa recognized by the previous studies.

Geographic variation in morphology of the genus Agamura Blanford, 1874 in Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani ◽  
Mansour Aliabadian ◽  
Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani ◽  
Jamshid Darvish
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Iranian Plateau ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Head Height ◽  
Two Populations

The genusAgamurawas previously known from four species occurring on the Iranian Plateau, but was recently revised as a monotypic genus that excluded three species. In the present study, we examined different populations ofAgamura persicamorphologically. We found thatA. persicashows geographic variation with respect to two groups, with the eastern population considered asA. cruralisandA. persicaproposed for the western population. Separation between the two populations ofA. persicawas verified based upon ANOVA results for many morphological characters, including Head Height (HH), Interorbital distance (IO), Forelimb length (FLL), Number of scales across widest part of abdomen (NSA), Loreal scales (LOS), and Number of scales that separate two adjacent tubercles (NTV). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) based on metric and meristic characters confirmed the revision of the genusAgamura. Multivariate analysis indicated that all studied OTUs were assigned to the correct classification and have significantly different morphological characters.

Integrative taxonomic and geographic variation analyses in Cyrtodactylus aequalis (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from southern Myanmar (Burma): one species, two different stories

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 151-179
Author(s):  
L. Lee Grismer ◽  
L. Wood Perry ◽  
Marta S. Grismer ◽  
Evan S.H. Quah ◽  
Myint Kyaw Thura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Inference ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Compelling Argument ◽  
Historical Accuracy ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The historical accuracy of building taxonomies is improved when they are based on phylogenetic inference (i.e., the resultant classifications are less apt to misrepresent evolutionary history). In fact, taxonomies inferred from statistically significant diagnostic morphological characters in the absence of phylogenetic considerations, can contain non-monophyletic lineages. This is especially true at the species level where small amounts of gene flow may not preclude the evolution of localized adaptions in different geographic areas while underpinning the paraphyletic nature of each population with respect to the other. We illustrate this point by examining genetic and morphological variation among three putatively allopatric populations of the granite-dwelling Bent-toed Gecko Cyrtodactylus aequalis from hilly regions in southeastern Myanmar. In the absence of molecular phylogenetic inference, a compelling argument for three morphologically diagnosable species could be marshaled. However, when basing the morphological analyses of geographic variation on a molecular phylogeny, there is a more compelling argument that only one species should be recognized. We are cognizant of the fact however, that when dealing with rare species or specimens for which no molecular data are possible, judicious morphological analyses are the only option—and the desired option given the current worldwide biodiversity crisis.

scholarly journals New distribution record of Phrynocephalus mystaceus Pallas 1776 (Sauria: Agamidae) from Iran

Check List ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahnaz Molavi ◽  
Tooba Mohammadian-kalat ◽  
Bahram Hasanzade Kiabi ◽  
Haji Gholi Kami ◽  
Morteza Yazdanpanahi
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Iranian Plateau ◽  
Distribution Record ◽  
New Distribution

The Toad-headed agama, Phrynocephalus mystaceus Pallas 1776, was described in 1999 from eastern Khorasan by Anderson. Seven specimen of The Toad-headed agama were collected in Khar Turan National Park during fieldwork from June 2008 to June 2009. The new locality of the species is situated about 900 km west of the type locality. This record indicates a wider distribution of Phrynocephalus mystaceus on the Iranian plateau than previously thought. Information on morphological characters and habitat is presented.

Intraspecific variability of morphological characters in the species-rich deep-sea genus Acantholaimus Allgén, 1933 (Nematoda: Chromadoridae)

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry M. Miljutin ◽  
Maria A. Miljutina
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
General Arrangement ◽  
Taxonomic Approach

Acantholaimusis a species-rich genus of deep-sea nematodes, often with dozens of species found at the same locality but each represented by single or few individuals. Species discrimination by morphological characters in this genus is therefore often difficult due to transitional forms that may be referred to several species because of lack of data on intraspecific variability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intraspecific variability of morphological characters that are most often used inAcantholaimustaxonomy, in order to distinguish those which are most informative for species differentiation. A reverse taxonomic approach was applied for initial species discrimination. Two loci, one each from small and large subunits of rRNA, were sequenced for 59Acantholaimusspecimens from two deep-sea locations. Twenty-seven Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTU) were identified, of which 12 were represented by more than one individual. These were then analysed for intraspecific variability in morphological characters. Some of the examined characters showed high intraspecific variability; specifically: length of cephalic setae; distance from anterior end to amphid; shape of anterior setae; position and arrangement of cervical setae. In the absence of genetic data, these characters should be used with caution for differential diagnoses or species discrimination. Other characters were more conservative within the same MOTU: body proportions; length of outer labial setae; amphidial diam.; appearance of lateral field; general arrangement of cervical setae; and shape of tail. These characters may be successfully used for species discrimination in the absence of molecular data.

Money attitudes survey of business students in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-246
Author(s):  
Urmatbek M. Tynaliev ◽  
Carolyn Erdener
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
English Language ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Money Attitudes ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Love Of Money ◽  
Former Ussr

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the money attitudes among students at English-language business schools in the transitioning Central Asian nations of the former USSR, namely, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. Design/methodology/approach The survey was carried out in 2017, using previously established measures of Love of Money survey questionnaire. Over 300 undergraduate students in English-language business degree programs in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan participated in the survey. A few hypotheses were tested using three-way MANOVA to test the influence of three factors (country, gender and student years). In addition, post hoc analysis, and one- and two-way ANOVA methods were used for multiple comparisons. Findings The results showed evidence of increasing convergence among students who are farther along in the program. Some statistically significant differences were also found, mainly in regard to gender differences in money attitudes across countries and student levels. The results of statistical analysis suggest a need for further research on attitudes and values related to money in the modern nation states of Central Asia. Originality/value This study is one of first attempts to study the values and attitudes regarding money among the first generation of business students who were born and grew up after their respective countries gained independence. The findings imply the development of a relatively homogeneous labor pool for business organizations across regions that are characterized by increasing differentiation among countries within the region.

Clinal Variation in Electrophoretic and Morphological Characters between Two Nominal Species of the Genus Pseudomugil (Pisces : Atheriniformes : Pseudomugilidae)

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Hadfield ◽  
V Ivantsoff ◽  
PG Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
Eastern Australia

Electrophoretic and morphological comparisons were made between 14 populations representing the major part of the known range of the nominal fish species, Pseudomugil signifer Kner and Pseudomugil signatus (Gunther), described from the fresh and brackish waters of eastern Australia. Analysis by principal components was used to assess the morphological data. .Clinal variation revealed in 10 morphological characters and at two enzyme loci was found to bridge most of the previously described differences between species. The type material of P. signatus afinis from the Low Isles, Queensland, was re-examined and did not appear to differ morphologically from the coastal species. It is therefore suggested that the populations studied represent a single species Pseudomugil signifer Kner.

Numerical taxonomy contributes to delimitation of Iranian and Turkish Hesperis L. (Brassicaceae) species

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 367 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATENA ESLAMI FAROUJI ◽  
HAMED KHODAYARI ◽  
MOSTAFA ASSADI ◽  
BARIŞ ÖZÜDOĞRU ◽  
ÖZLEM ÇETIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Morphological Descriptors ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Species Circumscription ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Brassicaceae Species

Taxonomic descriptions of Iranian and Turkish Hesperis (Brassicaceae) species are generally insufficient and partly incomplete, which makes the species delimitation ambiguous. In order to clarify species circumscription, we scored 57 morphological descriptors (MDs) in 121 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Hesperis from Iran and Turkey and performed a multivariate analysis. The dendrogram was created from Gower’s distance matrix using Unweighted Pair Group Method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) algorithm. The dendrogram clearly separates the 121 OTUs of Hesperis into five main phenons, which significantly deviate from the classical taxonomic treatment (sectional assignments) of the genus. Similar distinct delineation among the five phenons was revealed by a Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), highlighting the resolving power of the multivariate analyses of quantitative and qualitative morphological characters. While there were significant variations among the OTUs for 57 MDs, the most distinctive morphological descriptors delimiting the phenons were estimated to be fruit, petal, stem, and leaf by a de-trended correspondence analysis (DCA). We also present a comparative discussion between the classical taxonomy and the delimitation of taxa revealed in our study.

scholarly journals Gammarus Fossarum Koch, 1835: Redescription Based on Neotype Material and Notes on its Local Variation (Crustacea, Amphipoda)

1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Goedmakers
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Gammarus Fossarum ◽  
Different Populations

A redescription of Gammarus fossarum Koch, 1835, is given, together with some notes on the variability in morphological characters of this species, both within one population and in different populations. It is proved through crosses that five morphologically different populations all belong to the same species, G. fossarum. The geographic variation of the various characters is discussed.

Problems with the taxonomy of Phytoptus tetratrichus Nalepa 1890 (Acari: Eriophyoidea) inhabiting Tilia spp.: Analysis based on morphological variation among individuals

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2988 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRAŻYNA SOIKA ◽  
MARCIN KOZAK
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Tilia Tomentosa ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Damage Symptoms

The purpose of this research was to investigate both the qualitative and quantitative morphological traits of Phytoptus tetratrichus Nalepa 1890 populations inhabiting three different lime tree species: Tilia cordata Mill., Tilia tomentosa Moench and Tilia americana L.. Morphological characters of two populations collected from T. cordata and T. tomentosa over three successive growing seasons were compared with the aid of canonical variate analysis. Additionally, individuals occurring on T. americana in a consecutive year were also studied. Protogyne and deutogyne females were differentiated using both qualitative and quantitative traits. For deutogyne females, individuals from all combinations of Tilia species × year (which constituted populations for comparison) clearly differed from each other. However, the differences between populations from T. cordata and T. tomentosa were less distinct. For protogyne females, observed differences were clearly visible. The between-season variation in morphological characters such as body size appeared to be quite large, indicating that morphological analysis based on observations from only a single season can be inaccurate. Deutogyne females of P. tetratrichus were observed to cause various types of damage symptoms: leaf-roll galls along the leaf edges of T. cordata; small round erinea on the lower leaf surface and small wart-like galls on the upper leaf surface of T. tomentosa; fingerlike galls on both leaf surfaces of T. americana.

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