Temperature differentials between the bodies and tails of ribbon snakes (Thamnophis sauritus): ecological and physiological implications

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Amiel ◽  
Richard Wassersug
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
T Test ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Thermal Data ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

AbstractWe present evidence that eastern ribbon snakes (Thamnophis sauritus) at low environmental temperatures can maintain significant temperature differentials between their bodies and tails. We used a high resolution infrared camera to record thermal data from ribbon snakes in the spring and summer. An independent two sample t-test confirmed that ribbon snakes at low spring environmental temperatures maintain significantly warmer bodies than tails relative to ribbon snakes at high summer environmental temperatures (t = 5.495, P < 0.001). Given our results that ribbon snakes at low environmental temperatures are able to maintain body temperatures higher than tail temperatures, we speculate on possible mechanisms that could account for these temperature differentials and their ecological significance.

The Development of an Infrared Camera Using Graphene: Achieving Efficient High-Resolution Infrared Images.

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
King Wai Chiu Lai ◽  
Ning Xi ◽  
Hongzhi Chen ◽  
Bo Song ◽  
LiangLiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Infrared Images

Vulnerability to global warming of a Critically Endangered lizard from the Monte Desert, Patagonia Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Victoria Brizio ◽  
Facundo Cabezas-Cartes ◽  
Jimena Beatriz Fernández ◽  
Rodrigo Gómez Alés ◽  
Luciano Javier Avila
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Monte Desert ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Reptiles’ body temperature is strongly influenced by the thermal quality of microhabitats, exploiting the favourable environmental temperatures, and avoiding exposure to extreme thermal conditions. For these reasons, reptiles’ populations are considered to be especially vulnerable to changes in environmental temperatures produced by climate change. Here, we study the thermal physiology of the Critically Endangered lizard Liolaemus cuyumhue Avila, Morando, Perez and Sites, 2009. We hypothesise that, (1) there is a thermal coadaptation between optimal temperature for locomotor performance of L. cuyumhue and its thermal preference; (2) L. cuyumhue lives in an environment with low thermal quality; (3) a raise in environmental temperatures due to global warming will impose a decrement in locomotor speed represented by lower warming tolerance and narrower thermal safety margins, increasing their already high vulnerability. We registered field body temperatures (Tb), preferred body temperatures (Tpref), the operative (Te), and the thermal sensitivity of locomotion at different body temperatures. Our results indicate that this lizard is not currently under environmental stress or exceeding its thermal limits, but that it is thermorregulating below Tpref to avoid overheating, and that an increase in environmental temperature higher than 3.5 °C will strongly affect the use of microhabitats with direct sun exposure.

Shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in the bat (Myotis myotis Borkh.) during arousal from hibernation

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Mejsnar ◽  
Ladislav Janský
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Nonshivering Thermogenesis ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Metabolic Capacity ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Myotis Myotis ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Nonshivering thermogenesis exists in the bat (Myotis myotis Borkh.) arousing from hibernation at environmental temperatures of 4–6 °C. Nonshivering thermogenesis is essential for the start of the arousal, and it is stimulated by noradrenaline since hexamethonium prevents the increase in metabolism and body temperature. Injection of noradrenaline abolishes this inhibition by hexamethonium by inducing nonshivering thermogenesis. After simultaneous administration of hexamethonium and alderlin no calorigenic effect of noradrenaline occurs. Shivering heat production during arousal appears at body temperatures between 10 and 17 °C predominantly. In normothermic bats the calorigenic effect of noradrenaline was observed, which indicates that nonshivering thermogenesis might also be present in awake animals. During arousal at 25 °C a great increase in intensity of shivering was observed. Elimination of nonshivering thermogenesis by hexamethonium does not prevent the attainment of the homoiothermic level of body temperature, and administration of noradrenaline does not speed up the process of arousal. As is evident from the metabolic capacity of the brown fat, the heat derived from this organ could maximally participate in total metabolism by 25% at the beginning and at the late period of arousal. In the middle range of body temperatures its significance for total metabolism is only about 10–13%.

Evaluation of Component Reliability Using Data Derived from Infrared Thermography

2010 ◽  
Vol 450 ◽  
pp. 275-278
Author(s):  
John Redgate ◽  
Amin Al-Habaibeh ◽  
Dai Zhong Su ◽  
Tim Wilmshurst ◽  
Jon Rudd
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Component Reliability ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Hazardous Environments ◽  
Thermal Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Thermal Signature ◽  
Electrical Components

Condition monitoring of components is commonly required to evaluate integrity, manage maintenance and predict impending failure. The condition of many electrical and mechanical components is revealed by their thermal signature which can be reliably monitored by infrared camera. Thermal data obtained optically has the advantage of being non-contact so that moving mechanical parts and high voltage electrical components, including those located in hazardous environments or with difficult access, can be readily monitored. This paper proposes that data obtained by such methods is processed within a model in order to identify the imminent failure of a component or to estimate the probability that a component may exceed its operating tolerances at any given time within the remainder of its expected life.

scholarly journals A T-capsulotomy provides increased hip joint visualization compared with an extended interportal capsulotomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory L Cvetanovich ◽  
David M Levy ◽  
Edward C Beck ◽  
Alexander E Weber ◽  
Benjamin D Kuhns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
T Test ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Digital Photograph ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cadaveric Model

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the cross-sectional area (CSA) of joint visualization between extended interportal and T-capsulotomies. Twenty fresh-frozen cadaveric hips were dissected to their capsuloligamentous complexes and fixed in a custom apparatus in neutral hip position. Ten hips underwent sequential interportal capsulotomies at lengths of 2, 4, 6, and 8 cm. Ten hips underwent sequential T-capsulotomies starting from a 4 cm interportal capsulotomy, creating a 2 cm T-capsulotomy (Half-T), and finally a 4 cm T-capsulotomy (Full-T). Following each sequential capsule change in both groups, a high-resolution digital photograph was taken to measure the visualized intra-articular cross-sectional area (CSA). Independent t-test was used to compare CSA interportal and T-capsulotomy groups. Analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in CSA visualization with each sequential increase in interportal capsulotomy length up to 6 cm (2cm: 0.6 ± 0.2 cm2; 4cm: 2.1 ± 0.5 cm2 (p<0.001); 6cm: 3.6 ± 1.0 cm2 (p=0.001)), and no difference at 8cm (4.2 ± 1.2 cm2 (p=0.20)). For the T-capsulotomy group the average CSA visualization significantly increased from 3.2 ± 0.9 cm2 for the Half-T to 7.1 ± 1.0 cm2 for the Full-T (p<0.001). The Half-T CSA visualization was not statistically different from the 6 cm capsulotomy (p=0.4) and the 8cm capsulotomy (p=0.05). The Full-T had significantly superior CSA visualization area as compared to the 6 cm and 8 cm interportal capsulotomies (p<0.001 for both). In conclusion, T-capsulotomy resulted in improved cross-sectional area of joint visualization compared to an extended (8cm) interportal capsulotomy in a cadaveric model. Surgeons must weigh the benefits of greater visualization from T-capsulotomy that may help to avoid residual FAI while ensuring to completely repair the capsulotomy to avoid iatrogenic instability.

Design of the WIYN High Resolution Infrared Camera (WHIRC)

2011 ◽  
Vol 123 (899) ◽  
pp. 87-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Smee ◽  
R. H. Barkhouser ◽  
G. A. Scharfstein ◽  
M. Meixner ◽  
J. D. Orndorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Infrared Camera

scholarly journals SIRIS: a high resolution scanning infrared camera for examining paintings

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Saunders ◽  
Nick Atkinson ◽  
John Cupitt ◽  
Haida Liang ◽  
Craig Sawyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Infrared Camera

scholarly journals A longslit spectroscopic survey of bulges in disc galaxies

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (H16) ◽  
pp. 345-345
Author(s):  
Maximilian Fabricius ◽  
Roberto Saglia ◽  
David Fisher ◽  
Niv Drory ◽  
Ralf Bender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Counter Rotation ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Velocity Dispersions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Disc Galaxies

AbstractWe use the Marcario Low Resolution Spectrograph (LRS) at the Hobby-Eberly-Telescope (HET) to study the kinematics of pseudobulges and classical bulges in 45 S0-Sc type galaxies in the nearby universe. Our high-resolution (instrumental σ ≈ 39 km s−1) spectra allo only to resolve the typical velocity dispersions of our targets but also to derive the h3 and h4 Gauss-Hermite moments. We demonstrate for the first time that purely kinematic diagnostics of the bulge dichotomy agree systematically with those based on Sérsic index. Low Sérsic index bulges have both increased rotational support (higher v/σ values) and on average lower central velocity dispersions. Pseudobulges have systematically shallower velocity dispersion profiles. The same correlation also holds when visual morphologies are used to diagnose bulge type. Finally, we present evidence for formerly undetected counter rotation in the two systems NGC 3945 and NGC 4736. With these, a total of 16% of the systems in or sample show signs for stellar counter rotation.

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