scholarly journals A T-capsulotomy provides increased hip joint visualization compared with an extended interportal capsulotomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory L Cvetanovich ◽  
David M Levy ◽  
Edward C Beck ◽  
Alexander E Weber ◽  
Benjamin D Kuhns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
T Test ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Digital Photograph ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cadaveric Model

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the cross-sectional area (CSA) of joint visualization between extended interportal and T-capsulotomies. Twenty fresh-frozen cadaveric hips were dissected to their capsuloligamentous complexes and fixed in a custom apparatus in neutral hip position. Ten hips underwent sequential interportal capsulotomies at lengths of 2, 4, 6, and 8 cm. Ten hips underwent sequential T-capsulotomies starting from a 4 cm interportal capsulotomy, creating a 2 cm T-capsulotomy (Half-T), and finally a 4 cm T-capsulotomy (Full-T). Following each sequential capsule change in both groups, a high-resolution digital photograph was taken to measure the visualized intra-articular cross-sectional area (CSA). Independent t-test was used to compare CSA interportal and T-capsulotomy groups. Analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in CSA visualization with each sequential increase in interportal capsulotomy length up to 6 cm (2cm: 0.6 ± 0.2 cm2; 4cm: 2.1 ± 0.5 cm2 (p<0.001); 6cm: 3.6 ± 1.0 cm2 (p=0.001)), and no difference at 8cm (4.2 ± 1.2 cm2 (p=0.20)). For the T-capsulotomy group the average CSA visualization significantly increased from 3.2 ± 0.9 cm2 for the Half-T to 7.1 ± 1.0 cm2 for the Full-T (p<0.001). The Half-T CSA visualization was not statistically different from the 6 cm capsulotomy (p=0.4) and the 8cm capsulotomy (p=0.05). The Full-T had significantly superior CSA visualization area as compared to the 6 cm and 8 cm interportal capsulotomies (p<0.001 for both). In conclusion, T-capsulotomy resulted in improved cross-sectional area of joint visualization compared to an extended (8cm) interportal capsulotomy in a cadaveric model. Surgeons must weigh the benefits of greater visualization from T-capsulotomy that may help to avoid residual FAI while ensuring to completely repair the capsulotomy to avoid iatrogenic instability.

scholarly journals High-resolution ultrasound in the assessment of peripheral nerves in leprosy: A comparative cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kalathummarath Sreejith ◽  
Sarita Sasidharanpillai ◽  
Kidangazhiathmana Ajithkumar ◽  
Reeba Mary Mani ◽  
Anuradha Thalian Chathoth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Nerve Function ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
The Cross

Background: Detection of peripheral nerve thickening and nerve function impairment is crucial in the diagnosis and the management of leprosy. Aims and objectives: (1) To document the cross-sectional area, echotexture and blood flow of peripheral nerves in healthy controls and leprosy cases using high-resolution ultrasound, (2) to compare the sensitivities of clinical examination and high-resolution ultrasound in detecting peripheral nerve thickening in leprosy. Methods: Peripheral nerves of 30 leprosy patients and 30 age- and sex-matched controls were evaluated clinically and by high-resolution ultrasound. When the cross-sectional area of a peripheral nerve on high-resolution ultrasound in a leprosy patient was more than the calculated upper bound of the 95% confidence interval for mean for that specific nerve in controls, that particular peripheral nerve was considered to be enlarged. Results: Cross-sectional areas more than 7.1 mm2 for the radial nerve, 8.17 mm2 for ulnar, 10.17 mm2 for median, 9.50 mm2 for lateral popliteal and 11.21mm2 for the posterior tibial nerve were considered as nerve thickening on high-resolution ultrasound. High-resolution ultrasound detected 141/300 (47%) nerves enlarged in contrast to the 60 (20%) diagnosed clinically by palpation (P < 0.001). Clinical examination identified thickening in 31/70 (44.3%) nerves in cases with impairment of nerve function and 29/230 (12.6%) in the absence of nerve function impairment. High-resolution ultrasound detected thickening in 50/70 (71.4%) nerves with impairment of function and in 91/230 (39.6%) nerves without any impairment of function. Limitation: A single-centre study design was the major study limitation. Conclusion: High-resolution ultrasound showed greater sensitivity than clinical examination in detecting peripheral nerve thickening in leprosy cases. High-resolution ultrasound, may therefore improve the sensitivity of the diagnostic criterion of peripheral nerve enlargement in the diagnosis and classification of leprosy.

scholarly journals Reference values for the cross-sectional area of the normal sciatic nerve using high-resolution ultrasonography

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (85) ◽  
pp. e95-e104
Author(s):  
Kunwar Pal Singh ◽  
◽  
Prabhjot Singh ◽  
Kamlesh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sciatic Nerves ◽  
The Cross ◽  
High Resolution Ultrasonography

Aim: High-resolution ultrasonography is a new and promising technique to evaluate peripheral and spinal nerves. Its validity as a diagnostic tool in neurological diseases has been demonstrated in adults. The aims of study were to establish the reference values for the cross-sectional area of the normal sciatic nerve on high-resolution ultrasonography, and to determine the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the normal sciatic nerve and the subjects’ age, gender, height (in cm), weight (in kg), and body mass index. Material and methods: Two hundred subjects of both genders and above 18 years of age were studied with high-resolution ultrasonography. The subjects had no history of peripheral neuropathy or trauma to the lower limb. The cross-sectional areas of the normal sciatic nerves were obtained at two different levels in both lower limbs. The mean cross-sectional areas of the sciatic nerves were measured at two different levels, one located at 1 cm above the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve into the tibial and common peroneal nerves, and the other 4 cm above the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve into the tibial and common peroneal nerves. Results: A positive correlation of the mean cross-sectional area was established with height, weight, and body mass index. Women had smaller cross-sectional areas of the normal sciatic nerves than men at both measuring sites. No significant relationship was established with the age of the subjects. Conclusions: The established reference values of the cross-sectional area of the sciatic nerve can facilitate the analysis of pathological nerve conditions.

Tensile mechanical properties of human forearm tendons

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Weber ◽  
A. M. R. Agur ◽  
A. Y. Fattah ◽  
K. D. Gordon ◽  
M. L. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Laser Reflectance ◽  
Human Forearm ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
The Cross

Previous studies of the mechanical properties of tendons in the upper limb have used embalmed specimens or sub-optimal methods of measurement. The aim of this study was to determine the biomechanical properties of all tendons from five fresh frozen cadaveric forearms using updated methodology. The cross-sectional area of tendons was accurately measured using a laser reflectance system. Tensile testing was done in a precision servo-hydraulic device with cryo-clamp fixation. We determined that the cross-sectional area of some tendons is variable and directly influences the calculated material properties; visual estimation of this is unreliable. Data trends illustrate that digital extensor tendons possess the greatest tensile strength and a higher Young’s modulus than other tendon types.

scholarly journals Reference values for the cross-sectional area of normal radial nerve at two levels using high-resolution ultrasonography

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (85) ◽  
pp. e112-e126
Author(s):  
Kunwar Pal Singh ◽  
◽  
Achal Singh Goindi ◽  
Kamlesh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Cross ◽  
High Resolution Ultrasonography ◽  
Level 2

Aim of the study: High-resolution ultrasound is less often used to evaluate the radial nerves. The radial nerve is often involved in entrapment syndromes. The aim of the study is to establish the reference values for the cross-sectional area of the normal radial nerve on high-resolution ultrasonography, and to identify relationships between the cross-sectional area and the subject’s age, gender, height, weight, body mass index, and hand dominance. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 200 subjects of both sexes, between 18 and 75 years of age, who did not have history of peripheral neuropathy or trauma to the upper limb. Highresolution real-time sonographic examination of the radial nerves was performed in both arms at two different levels. Level 1 was taken just proximal to the nerve bifurcation, and level 2 just after the nerve exits the spiral grove. Results: The mean cross-sectional area measured at level 2 (4.3 ± 0.4 mm2) was greater than that measured at level 1 (2.3 ± 0.3 mm2). No significant relationship was seen with age and hand dominance (p >0.05), but the cross-sectional area values at above mentioned levels were larger in males than in females (p <0.05). In addition, the cross-sectional areas of the radial nerves showed a positive correlation with height, weight, and body mass index (p <0.05). Conclusion: The established ultrasonographic reference values along with basic clinical data will aid in the diagnosis, response to treatment, and prognostic evaluation of peripheral neuropathies.

scholarly journals Atrophy patterns in isolated subscapularis lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gernot Seppel ◽  
Andreas Voss ◽  
Daniel J. H. Henderson ◽  
Simone Waldt ◽  
Bernhard Haller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subscapularis Muscle ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background While supraspinatus atrophy can be described according to the system of Zanetti or Thomazeau there is still a lack of characterization of isolated subscapularis muscle atrophy. The aim of this study was to describe patterns of muscle atrophy following repair of isolated subscapularis (SSC) tendon. Methods Forty-nine control shoulder MRI scans, without rotator cuff pathology, atrophy or fatty infiltration, were prospectively evaluated and subscapularis diameters as well as cross sectional areas (complete and upper half) were assessed in a standardized oblique sagittal plane. Calculation of the ratio between the upper half of the cross sectional area (CSA) and the total CSA was performed. Eleven MRI scans of patients with subscapularis atrophy following isolated subscapularis tendon tears were analysed and cross sectional area ratio (upper half /total) determined. To guarantee reliable measurement of the CSA and its ratio, bony landmarks were also defined. All parameters were statistically compared for inter-rater reliability, reproducibility and capacity to quantify subscapularis atrophy. Results The mean age in the control group was 49.7 years (± 15.0). The mean cross sectional area (CSA) was 2367.0 mm2 (± 741.4) for the complete subscapularis muscle and 1048.2 mm2 (± 313.3) for the upper half, giving a mean ratio of 0.446 (± 0.046). In the subscapularis repair group the mean age was 56.7 years (± 9.3). With a mean cross sectional area of 1554.7 mm2 (± 419.9) for the complete and of 422.9 mm2 (± 173.6) for the upper half of the subscapularis muscle, giving a mean CSA ratio of 0.269 (± 0.065) which was seen to be significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Analysis of typical atrophy patterns of the subscapularis muscle demonstrates that the CSA ratio represents a reliable and reproducible assessment tool in quantifying subscapularis atrophy. We propose the classification of subscapularis atrophy as Stage I (mild atrophy) in case of reduction of the cross sectional area ratio < 0.4, Stage II (moderate atrophy) in case of < 0.35 and Stage III (severe atrophy) if < 0.3.

The area of eye muscle of beef cattle carcasses

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
RM Seebeck
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
The Cross

Variations in the cross-sectional area of eye muscle of carcasses cut between the tenth and eleventh ribs were investigated, using 105 Hereford and 51 Angus steers aged 20 months. These cattle consisted of three groups, born in successive years. At constant carcass weight, statistically significant differences in eye muscle area were found between breeds and between years. Breed and year differences were also found in eye muscle area with width and depth of eye muscle constant, so that there are limitations to the estimation of eye muscle area from width and depth measurements. A nomograph is given for estimating eye muscle area from width and depth for Hereford and Angus cattle, when all animals are reared in the same year and environment. The use of eye muscle area as an indicator of weight of carcass muscle is discussed.

Comparison of the Cross Sectional Area, the Loss in Volume and the Mechanical Properties of LAE442 and MgCa0.8 as Resorbable Magnesium Alloy Implants after 12 Months Implantation Duration

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Thomann ◽  
Nina von der Höh ◽  
Dirk Bormann ◽  
Dina Rittershaus ◽  
C. Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Initial Strength ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
The Cross

Current research focuses on magnesium based alloys in the course of searching a resorbable osteosynthetic material which provides sufficient mechanical properties besides a good biocompatibility. Previous studies reported on a favorable biocompatibility of the alloys LAE442 and MgCa0.8. The present study compared the degradation process of cylindrical LAE442 and MgCa0.8 implants after 12 months implantation duration. Therefore, 10 extruded implants (2.5 x 25 mm, cross sectional area 4.9 mm²) of both alloys were implanted into the medullary cavity of both tibiae of rabbits for 12 months. After euthanization, the right bone-implant-compound was scanned in a µ-computed tomograph (µCT80, ScancoMedical) and nine uniformly distributed cross-sections of each implant were used to determine the residual implants´ cross sectional area (Software AxioVisionRelease 4.5, Zeiss). Left implants were taken out of the bone carefully. After weighing, a three-point bending test was carried out. LAE442 implants degraded obviously slower and more homogeneously than MgCa0.8. The mean residual cross sectional area of LAE442 implants was 4.7 ± 0.07 mm². MgCa0.8 showed an area of only 2.18 ± 1.03 mm². In contrast, the loss in volume of LAE442 pins was more obvious. They lost 64 % of their initial weight. The volume of MgCa0.8 reduced clearly to 54.4 % which corresponds to the cross sectional area results. Three point bending tests revealed that LAE442 showed a loss in strength of 71.2 % while MgCa0.8 lost 85.6 % of its initial strength. All results indicated that LAE442 implants degraded slowly, probably due to the formation of a very obvious degradation layer. Degradation of MgCa0.8 implants was far advanced.

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