The Comparative Ontogeny of Social Interactions in Two Species of Cockroach

Behaviour ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 172-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine M. Gerhardt ◽  
Robert E. Gorton
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Eublaberus Posticus

AbstractThe ontogeny of social behaviour in two species of cockroach, Shawella couloniana and Eublaberus posticus, was investigated and compared. 1) All acts were recorded in each of 5 age classes per species and the frequencies of each act were calculated and compared. 2) Agonistic intensity increased in Shawella and decreased in Eublaberus with age. 3) Clumping was observed until the last instar in Eublaberus, but never in Shawella, at which time the spacing became regular. 4) Numbers of acts per encounter increased in Shawella and decreased in Eublaberus as a function of age. 5) Initiator-terminated encounters were more frequent in Shawella adults, while responder-terminated encounters were characteristic of all nymphal interactions. In Eublaberus adult males, responder-terminated encounters were most common, but no difference between initiator- and responder-terminated encounters was found in the nymphs. 6) These data were correlated with environmental and life-history parameters in the two species.

Observations on social behaviour of Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus (L.)) during terrestrial haul-out

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Salter
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Body Contact ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Odobenus Rosmarus

Social interactions in walrus herds of mixed sex and age composition were recorded at a haul-out site on the east coast of Bathurst Island, N.W.T., during July–August 1977. Most walruses maintained body contact with at least one other walrus while hauled out on land; herds were usually circular in shape. Adult males, adult females, and immatures all displaced other walruses, and thus entered herds, by jabbing with the tusks. Dominance during agonistic interactions was related to relative tusk length and sex and age of interactants. Behaviour of walruses on land suggested an energetic advantage in mutual body contact, which would be maximized by occupation of interior positions within herds.

scholarly journals Masculinized female yellow-bellied marmots initiate more social interactions

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Monclús ◽  
Taylor Cook ◽  
Daniel T. Blumstein
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Sex Composition ◽  
Marmota Flaviventris ◽  
Encounter Rates ◽  
Age Dependent

The presence of male siblings in utero influences female morphology and life-history traits because testosterone transferred among foetuses may masculinize females. Similarly, litter sex composition might alter the display of sexually dimorphic behaviour, such as play and allogrooming, since they are modulated by androgens. We explored whether masculinization alters the frequency of play and sociopositive behaviour in female yellow-bellied marmots ( Marmota flaviventris ). We found that masculinized juvenile females were more likely to initiate play and allogrooming, but yearling females exhibited higher levels of oestrogen-modulated sociopositive behaviours. Additionally, the more they interacted, the greater number of different partners they interacted with. Our results suggest that masculinization increases the rate of age-dependent social behaviour. This probably works by increasing exploration that predisposes individuals to higher encounter rates. Further support comes from previous findings showing that masculinized females were more likely to disperse. Our study stresses the importance of considering litter sex composition as a fitness modulator.

Social ethology of the wolverine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Copeland ◽  
Arild Landa ◽  
Kimberly Heinemeyer ◽  
Keith B. Aubry ◽  
Jiska van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Social System ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
Living Species

Social behaviour in solitary carnivores has long been an active area of investigation but for many species remains largely founded in conjecture compared to our understanding of sociality in group-living species. The social organization of the wolverine has, until now, received little attention beyond its portrayal as a typical mustelid social system. In this chapter the authors compile observations of social interactions from multiple wolverine field studies, which are integrated into an ecological framework. An ethological model for the wolverine is proposed that reveals an intricate social organization, which is driven by variable resource availability within extremely large territories and supports social behaviour that underpins offspring development.

Life history parameters as possible discriminators of bluemouth Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809) populations in Portuguese waters

2012 ◽  
Vol 125-126 ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Sequeira ◽  
Ana Neves ◽  
Rafaela Barros Paiva ◽  
João Pereira de Lima ◽  
Ana Rita Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Helicolenus Dactylopterus

scholarly journals Implications of multiple mating for offspring relatedness and shoaling behaviour in juvenile guppies

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P Evans ◽  
Jennifer L Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Shoaling Behaviour

Polyandry (female multiple mating) can confer important benefits to females, but few studies have considered its potential costs. One such cost may arise through differences in the relatedness of offspring born to females with different mating histories; offspring born to monandrous females are always full siblings, while those produced by polyandrous females may be full or half siblings. These differences may have important consequences for social interactions among offspring. We used artificial insemination in the guppy ( Poecilia reticulata ), a promiscuous live-bearing fish, to evaluate shoaling behaviour in polyandrous and monandrous broods. We combined this information with known parentage data for the polyandrous broods to determine whether sibling relatedness influenced offspring shoaling behaviour. While we detected no effect of mating treatment (polyandry/monandry) on shoaling behaviour, we found that pairs of full siblings spent significantly more time shoaling (and in close proximity) than pairs of half siblings. This latter finding confirms the ability of newborn guppies to distinguish brood mates on the basis of kinship, but also suggests an important and hitherto unrealized potential cost of polyandry: a reduction in within-brood relatedness with potentially important implications for offspring social behaviour.

Electrical Emissions in Gymnotus Carapo and Their Relation To Social Behavior

Behaviour ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Valone
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Postural Responses ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electrical Stimuli

Abstract1. The relation between the social behavior and the electrical emissions of Gymnotus carapo is examined. 2. Members of the species Gymnotus carapo approach certain sources of electrical stimuli and, in a statistically significant number of instances, assume a stance parallel to the plane from which the stimuli originate. 3. The approach and postural responses elicited by electrical cues resemble those observed when two fish, placed in the same tank, interact socially. 4. Electrical cues therefore appear to facilitate certain social interactions in Gymnotus carapo. 5. The character of electrical emission in Gymnotus carapo appears to change as a function of certain social interaction: a. Interaction resembling aggression is accompanied by brief increases in the frequency of emission. b. The increases in frequency appear to be linked to thrusting movements. c. Fish interacting with one another appear to lock into a common frequency more often than fish that are not in physical contact with one another. d. During social interaction, one of the two fish is occasionally observed to halt emissions altogether. 6. The exact significance of the social behavior observed in the context of the life history of Gymnotus carapo is unknown.

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