scholarly journals Female copulation calls vary with male ejaculation in captive olive baboons

Behaviour ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 157 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 807-822
Author(s):  
Stefano Vaglio ◽  
Louise Ducroix ◽  
Maria Rodriguez Villanueva ◽  
Rosanna Consiglio ◽  
Ayong Julia Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Old World Monkeys ◽  
Sexual Swelling ◽  
Old World ◽  
Olive Baboons ◽  
World Primate ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Vaginal Cytology

Abstract Copulation calls are mating-associated vocalizations that are common in primates, with females vocalizing after copulation in several Old World monkeys and apes. Baboon females typically produce copulation calls that correlate with fertile phase. Calls are, thus, regarded as an upshot of cycle physiology and sexually selected calls. Here, we describe three captive troops of olive baboons wherein, against expectation, females suppressed vocalizing during copulations. Vaginal cytology, together with sexual swelling observations, confirmed that females experienced full receptive cycles. Ovulation did not affect vocal probability during sex, while copulation calls were predicted by male ejaculation just as in other Old World primate species. Results cast doubt on the existence of physiological triggers for baboon copulation calls. Social factors may instead play a larger role. Alterations in social structure (as typically observed in the wild) may be implemented strategically as captive enrichment in order to reveal how females in highly social primates change sexual strategies and, therefore, the use of their copulation calls.

Intergroup and intragroup antiphonal songs in wild male Mueller’s gibbons (Hylobates muelleri)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Inoue ◽  
Waidi Sinun ◽  
Shigeto Yosida ◽  
Kazuo Okanoya
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
New World ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Old World ◽  
World Primate ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Insight Into

Mueller’s gibbons (Hylobates muelleri) sing both sex-specific and duet songs. These songs are thought to be involved in territory maintenance, as well as the maintenance of pair or family bonds. However, few observational studies have examined how gibbons interact with their neighbors through song in the wild. We have been conducting field observations of wild gibbon groups in northeast Borneo since 2001. In the Borneo Rainforest Lodge (BRL) and Danum Valley Field Center (DVFC) at the Danum Valley Conservation Area (DVCA), we observed seven episodes of alternating songs between males. Here, we describe the process of song exchange between males. During male interactions, song bouts rarely overlapped and were alternately emitted. Several studies have reported antiphonal vocalizations in New World and Old World primate species, but rarely in apes. Our observations of antiphonal songs in gibbons indicate that gibbons not only unilaterally advertise information, but also interactively communicate with neighbors and family members through songs. Since gibbons are phylogenetically similar to humans, and turn-taking has an important role in human conversation, our research on gibbon communication may provide insight into the evolution of human language.

scholarly journals Human Endogenous Retrovirus K Homologous Sequences and Their Coding Capacity in Old World Primates

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1870-1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Mayer ◽  
Eckart Meese ◽  
Nikolaus Mueller-Lantzsch
Keyword(s):  
Full Length ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Mutational Event ◽  
Old World ◽  
World Primate ◽  
Homologous Sequences ◽  
Coding Capacity ◽  
Reading Frames

ABSTRACT The coding capacity for retroviral Gag and Env proteins has been maintained in human endogenous retroviruses of the HERV-K family. HERV-K homologous sequences have been found in all Old World primates. Here, we examined Old World primate species for the presence of full-length HERV-K gag and env genes and the presence of gag and env open reading frames as determined by the protein truncation test. Full-length HERV-Kenv genes were found in DNAs of all Old World primate species, whereas open reading frames for Env protein were found solely in human, chimpanzee, and gorilla DNAs. The mutational event leading to two HERV-K types was found to have occurred after the separation of hominids from lower Old World primates and before the expansion of hominids. Full-length HERV-K gag genes in hominids displayed a 96-bp deletion compared to those in lower Old World primates. The ancient gag variant has not been maintained during hominid evolution. Open reading frames for HERV-K Gag have been found in all Old World primates except chimpanzees. Our study of the HERV-K family during Old World primate evolution contributes to the understanding of their possible biological functions in the host genomes.

Pulmonary Acariasis: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Lung Mites in the Rhesus Monkey

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 432-433
Author(s):  
M. E. Brummer ◽  
R. E. Darby ◽  
M. M. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Old World Monkeys ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Study ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Scanning Electron

Infestation by the mite Pneumonyssus simicola causes pulmonary acariasis in several simian primate species, particularly the rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta. These lung mites, common in Old World monkeys captured in the wild, are infrequently encountered in monkeys born and raised in captivity. The mite infestation is usually asymptomatic and clinically not detectable. Since the lesions caused by the mites may complicate experiments in pulmonary research and make interpretations of results difficult, studies were made to characterize the lung mites and lesions to minimize this problem.Lungs from four Macaca mulatta were fixed by perfusion via the airways at 30 cm of water pressure with cacodylate-buffered formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde.

scholarly journals Isolation and phylogeny of endogenous retrovirus sequences belonging to the HERV-W family in primates

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 2613-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heui-Soo Kim ◽  
Osamu Takenaka ◽  
Timothy J. Crow
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
New World ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
Old World Monkeys ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Old World

An investigation was undertaken of primate pol gene sequences from a novel endogenous retrovirus family, ERV-W, related to a new human endogenous retrovirus family (HERV-W) that includes multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus (MSRV) sequences identified in particles recovered from monocyte cultures from patients with multiple sclerosis. The pol gene sequences of the ERV-W family were detected in hominoids and Old World monkeys, but not in New World monkeys, whereas ERV-W long terminal repeat-like elements were detected in all primates (hominoids, Old World monkeys and New World monkeys). Thirty-two pol gene sequences from hominoids and Old World monkeys showed a high degree of sequence identity to MSRV and other HERV-W sequences. Phylogenetic analysis indicated close relationships of pol gene sequences across primate species. The analysis suggests that the ERV-W family has evolved independently but in constrained patterns (‘parallel evolution’) in different primate species, including man. The ratio of synonymous to non- synonymous substitutions indicated that negative selective pressure is acting on CHW1-1 from chimpanzee, HBW6-6 from baboon and HWX5 from man, sequences that have no disruption by point mutation or insertions/deletions. Therefore, these pol gene sequences could be associated with an active provirus in primates. The findings indicate that the ERV-W family has continued to evolve in the course of the primate radiation and may include members with a capacity to influence gene function and possibly cause disease.

scholarly journals Primate MHC class I from Genomes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.N. Olivieri ◽  
F. Gambón-Deza
Keyword(s):  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Class I ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
Old World Monkeys ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Birth And Death Processes ◽  
Old World ◽  
Number Of Genes

AbstractThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule plays a central role in the adaptive immunity of jawed vertebrates. Allelic variations have been studied extensively in some primate species, however a comprehensive description of the number of genes remains incomplete. Here, a bioinformatics program was developed to identify three MHC Class I exons (EX2, EX3 and EX4) from Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) datasets. With this algorithm, MHC Class I exons sequences were extracted from 30 WGS datasets of primates, representatives of Apes, Old World and New World monkeys and prosimians. There is a high variability in the number of genes between species. From human WGS, six viable genes (HLA-A, -B, -C, -E, -F, and -G) and four pseudogene sequences (HLA-H, -J, -L, -V) are obtained. These genes serve to identify the phylogenetic clades of MHC-I in primates. The results indicate that human clades of HLA-A -B and -C were generated shortly after the separation of Old World monkeys. The clades pertaining to HLA-E, -H and -F are found in all primate families, except in Prosimians. In the clades defined by HLA-G, -L and -J, there are sequences from Old world monkeys. Specific clades are found in the four primate families. The evolution of these genes is consistent with birth and death processes having a high turnover rates.

scholarly journals A Primer of Primate Pathology: Lesions and Nonlesions

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Lowenstine
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
New World ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
Old World Monkeys ◽  
Important Lesson ◽  
Old World ◽  
Type D

Nonhuman primates are important laboratory animals for biomedical, pharmacology, and toxicology research. To effectively use primates as models, their gross and histologic anatomy, physiology and natural history, as well as common health problems and the source from which the primate is obtained, must be known and understood by pathologists involved in study design and/or interpretation. The first very important lesson in the “primer” is: there is no such thing as a generic monkey. Brand names (ie, species and subspecies) are important. Several taxonomic groups of primates are used in research including: prosimians, such as galagos and lemurs; New World monkeys, particularily marmosets; Old World monkeys, especially macaques and baboons; and the chimpanzee, an African ape. Differences between taxa are exemplified by the glucocorticoid resistance of New World monkeys compared to Old World monkeys, which results in the requirement for Vitamin D3 and their high circulating levels of steroids such as cortisone and progesterone. Differences in ovarian histology between Old and New World monkeys probably relate to steroid receptor biology as well. There are also variations in disease manifestations, even among closely related primate species such as rhesus and cynomolgus macaques (cynos). For example type D retrovirus infection is accompanied by lymphomas in cynos, but not rhesus. The second important lesson in this “primer” is: “not test article related” does not always mean “normal.” Lymphoid nodules in bone marrow or salivary gland, a common background finding in macaques, often signal the presence of type D retrovirus. Other histologic changes and normal anatomic variations may be confusing to individuals not routinely examining primate tissues. The objective of this paper is to familiarize pathologists with the use of primates in research as well as lesions and nonlesions (normal anatomy or physiology) of primates that may influence study design and confound interpretation.

scholarly journals Infection of Human B Lymphocytes with Lymphocryptoviruses Related to Epstein-Barr Virus

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 3205-3212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Moghaddam ◽  
Joachim Koch ◽  
Bethany Annis ◽  
Fred Wang
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Virus Binding ◽  
Old World ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
World Primate ◽  
Human B Cells ◽  
Cell Immortalization ◽  
Epstein Barr

ABSTRACT Lymphocryptoviruses (LCVs) naturally infecting Old World nonhuman primates are closely related to the human LCV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and share similar genome organization and sequences, biologic properties, epidemiology, and pathogenesis. LCVs can efficiently immortalize B lymphocytes from the autologous species, but the ability of a given LCV to immortalize B cells from other Old World primate species is variable. We found that LCV from rhesus monkeys did not immortalize human B cells, and EBV did not immortalize rhesus monkey B cells. In this study, baboon LCV could not immortalize human peripheral blood B cells but could readily immortalize rhesus monkey B cells. Thus, efficient LCV-induced B-cell immortalization across distant Old World primate species appears to be restricted by a species-specific block. To further characterize this species restriction, we first cloned the rhesus monkey LCV major membrane glycoprotein and discovered that the binding epitope for the EBV receptor, CD21, was highly conserved. Stable infections of human B cells with recombinant amplicons packaged in rhesus monkey or baboon LCV envelopes were also consistent with a species-restricted block occurring after virus binding and penetration. Transient infections of human B cells with simian LCV resulted in latent LCV EBNA-2 gene expression and activation of cell CD23 gene expression. EBV-immortalized human B cells could be coinfected with baboon LCV, and the simian virus persisted and replicated in human B cells. Thus, several lines of evidence indicate that the species restriction for efficient LCV-induced B-cell immortalization occurs beyond virus binding and penetration. This has important implications for the study of LCV infection in Old World primate models and for human xenotransplantation where simian LCVs may be inadvertently introduced into humans.

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