Host status of green manures for two isolates of Pratylenchus brachyurus in Brazil

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Ferraz ◽  
Luis Motta ◽  
Mário Inomoto ◽  
Kércya de Siqueira ◽  
Andressa Machado
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Host Status

AbstractDue to the complexity of management of plant-parasitic nematodes in cash crops, the use of non-chemical methods, such as rotation with green manures, has increased in recent years. However, data about the host status of green manures for lesion nematodes are scarce. Thus, two glasshouse trials were carried out to evaluate the host status of some green manures for two isolates of Pratylenchus brachyurus, a root-lesion nematode often found attacking soybean, maize and cotton in Brazil. Green manures tested were pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) cultivars Fava Larga and Iapar 43, Crotalaria juncea, C. spectabilis, C. mucronata, C. breviflora, C. ochroleuca, C. paulina, velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens) cvs Black, Dwarf and Gray. Soybean cv. Pintado and French marigold (Tagetes patula) were included as standard good and poor hosts for P. brachyurus. In a separate glasshouse experiment, a naturally infested soil was used to evaluate the suitability of two green manures to P. brachyurus in comparison with two gramineaceous cover crops. In addition, morphometric studies were carried out with the two isolates of P. brachyurus used in experiments in order to confirm the species. Among the 11 green manures tested, at least two, C. spectabilis and C. breviflora, can be useful as rotation crops to reduce population densities of P. brachyurus, irrespective of the origin of the nematode. By contrast, all velvetbean cultivars and C. juncea must be avoided in infested areas as they are good hosts for the nematode.

Host suitability of summer cover crops to Meloidogyne arenaria, M. enterolobii, M. incognita and M. javanica

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hung X. Bui ◽  
Johan A. Desaeger
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

Summary Cover crops can be a useful tool for managing plant-parasitic nematodes provided they are poor or non-hosts for the target nematode species. A glasshouse experiment was done to determine the host status of four common cover crops in Florida, sunn hemp, cowpea, sorghum sudangrass and sunflower, to pure populations of four common tropical root-knot nematode (RKN) species Meloidogyne javanica (Mj), M. incognita (Mi), M. enterolobii (Me) and M. arenaria (Ma). Tomato was included as a susceptible control. Eight weeks after nematode inoculation (WAI), tomato showed the highest root gall damage for all tested RKN species, with gall indices (GI) between 7 (Ma) and 8.5 (Me) and reproduction factor (RF) ranging from 20 (Ma) to 50 (Mj). No visible root galls were observed for any of the RKN species on sunn hemp and sorghum sudangrass at 8 WAI. However, Mj and Mi were able to reproduce slightly on sorghum sudangrass (RF = 0.02 and 0.79, respectively). Sunflower and cowpea were infected by all four tested RKN species, but host suitability varied. Sunflower root galling ranged from 1.1 (Me) to 4.5 (Mj) and RF = 3.2 (Me) to 28.7 (Mj), while cowpea root galling ranged from 0.6 (Mi) to 5.1 (Me) and RF = 0.8 (Mi) to 67.3 (Mj). Sunn hemp and, to a lesser extent, sorghum sudangrass were poor hosts to all four tested RKN species. Sunflower was a good host to all RKN species, but root gall damage and RF were lowest for Me. Cowpea was a good host to Mj, Me and Ma, but a poor host to Mi. Our results confirm and stress the importance of RKN species identification when selecting cover crops as an RKN management strategy.

Effect of the green manures Sinapis alba, Brassica napus and Raphanus sativus on hatching of Globodera rostochiensis

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 965-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yirina Valdes ◽  
Roland N. Perry ◽  
Nicole Viaene ◽  
Maurice Moens
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Important Pest

AbstractThe potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, is a quarantine organism. Environmentally benign control measures for this economically important pest are needed. Green manures, in particular plants from the Brassicaceae, suppress some plant-parasitic nematodes and have potential as control agents. This study examined if growing and incorporating cover crops from the Brassicaceae family influenced hatching of G. rostochiensis. The effect of root diffusates and plant extracts, as well as soil incorporation of plant material from three commonly used species of green manures, was studied in in vitro bioassays and pot tests. The results showed that brassica diffusates and plant extracts were not nematicidal. In addition, although they did not cause hatch by themselves, pretreatment with these solutions enhanced subsequent hatch in host root diffusates. The results are discussed in the context of the hatching response of G. rostochiensis and the likely influence on field usage of these green manures.

Yield of `Superior' Potatoes following Nematode-suppressive Cover Crops

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 525a-525
Author(s):  
Alan W. McKeown ◽  
J.W. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Early Dying ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

`Superior', the common early potato in Ontario, has developed early dying and low yield problems along the Lake Erie Counties. A series of experiments were planted in 1993 to 1996 to evaluate nematode-suppressive cover crops as a means of soil management, improving yield of potatoes, and reduction of plant parasitic nematodes. Sorghum NK557 as a nematode host, reported suppressive species Sordan 79, Trudan 8 sorghum-sudan hybrids, Domo and Cutlass mustard, Forge canola, and `Norlee' flax were compared to either Telone IIB or Vorlex-Cp (225 L/ha) fumigants applied with a deep shank applicator to 30 cm. Fertility and pest management practices followed Ontario recommendations. Northern root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus pentrans Cobb, populations were monitored prior to planting potatoes, during the season, and after harvest. Fumigation resulted in the highest total yields in all 3 years and marketable yield in 1994 and 1995. There was no difference in marketable yield in 1996. Yield was similar among cover crops treatments. Suppressive crops, while useful in soil management, were not as effective as fumigants.

Host suitability of cover crops for Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-666
Author(s):  
Paula Santos Ferreira ◽  
José Luiz Rodrigues Torres ◽  
Maria Amelia dos Santos ◽  
Ricardo de Oliveira Parolini ◽  
Ernane Miranda Lemes
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Summary Management of plant-parasitic nematodes in no-tillage systems relies on knowledge of the species, their abundance and their host range in a certain cropping area. Crop rotation is one of the most efficient techniques in the control of plant-parasitic nematodes; thus, the identification of non-host plant species is essential. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the host suitability of different cover crops used in crop rotations to control two of the most devastating plant-parasitic nematodes in the Brazilian central region, Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomised design under glasshouse conditions. In the M. incognita experiment, seven treatments (cover crops) were evaluated: Crotalaria juncea (sunn hemp; CJ), Stylosanthes humilis (Townsville stylo; TS), Pennisetum glaucum (millet; M), Triticum aestivum (wheat; W), Mucuna aterrima (black mucuna, BM), Glycine max (soybean treated with nematicide (fluensulfona) (SN) and soybean without nematicide (SwN)). In the M. javanica experiment, nine treatments were evaluated: Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Brassica napus (canola), B. nigra (mustard), CJ, M, W, BM, SN and SwN. The evaluations were performed 60 days after inoculation, when eggs and juveniles were present in the plant roots and soil, and the nematode reproduction factors (RF) were determined. The results indicated that CJ, M and BM were effective in controlling M. javanica and M. incognita. The SwN and even SN resulted in high RF and were not effective in the control of M. javanica and M. incognita.

scholarly journals Soil macrofauna in green manures preceding cotton growing

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elen Regina Caceres de Souza ◽  
Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro ◽  
Thiara de Azevedo Tezolin ◽  
Alfredo Raul Abot ◽  
Francisco Eduardo Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

The objective of this work was to evaluate the abundance of the soil macrofauna in four green manure species, before the cotton crop. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four treatments: Mucuna pruriens (gray mucuna), Canavalia ensiformes (pork bean), Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) and Crotalaria juncea (crotalaria). The macrofauna was captured by means of collections with collections using pitfall traps. The data were processed through the cluster analysis to verify the similarity among green manure species as to the occurrence of soil macrofauna. The orders Orthoptera, Coleoptera L (Larval), Hymenoptera and Coleoptera (adult), respectively, had the highest local relative abundance. There was a significant effect of the cover plants on the taxonomic groups and relative density of the soil macrofauna. Green manures were more determinant in the abundance and relative density of the soil macrofauna than the region climate. Up to 60 days after sowing the cotton crop, there was a beneficial influence of the green manures on the soil macrofauna.

Host status and phenotypic diversity of rice genotypes in relation to Pratylenchus brachyurus resistance

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Fabio Biela ◽  
Claudia Regina Dias-Arieira ◽  
Andressa Cristina Zamboni Machado ◽  
Simone de Melo Santana-Gomes ◽  
Michelly Ragazzi Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Reproduction Factor ◽  
Control Genotype

The aim of this study was to assess the susceptibility of rice genotypes toPratylenchus brachyurusand investigate the inheritance of resistance in the crop. Two experiments were conducted under controlled conditions, using naturally infested soil. Twenty-six rice genotypes were assessed, with maize used to show the susceptibility pattern. The maize was cultivated for 90 days and the initial nematode population was determined. Then, rice genotypes were cultivated, and the final nematode population and the reproduction factor (RF) were estimated 90 days after germination. All genotypes were susceptible toP. brachyurusin the two experiments but only one showed statistical differences, indicating variation in susceptibility, and genotypes Linhagem L03-107 and Cateto Amarelo scored higher than the control genotype, with RF of 8.80 and 9.48, respectively. Inheritance of resistance was poorly influenced by genotype genetics. Cluster analysis allowed the identification of five different groups of genotypes but there was low genetic variability among the genotypes.

scholarly journals Host Status of Graminaceous Cover Crops for Pratylenchus brachyurus

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1022-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Inomoto ◽  
G. L. Asmus
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Over Time

Taking into account that information about the host status of cover crops for Pratylenchus brachyurus is scarce or contradictory, this study was undertaken to assess the host status of selected graminaceous cover crops by estimating nematode reproduction and their ability to decrease the nematode density in glasshouse conditions. Furthermore, the reproductive fitness of three P. brachyurus populations was assessed for Brachiaria grasses. Silage and forage sorghum proved to be good hosts for P. brachyurus; consequently, they should be avoided in fields infested with this lesion nematode, mainly before susceptible crop such as soybean, common bean, cowpea, and cotton. Dictyoneura grass, the pearl millet cv. ADR 300, and black oat were poor hosts for P. brachyurus but may increase densities of this nematode over time. Consequently, these cover crops might be used in infested fields for only short periods, because they could increase the P. brachyurus population density slowly but progressively.

scholarly journals 446 Long-term Evaluation of Susceptibility of Selected Prairie Species to the Root Lesion Nematode Pratylenchus penetrans

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 521C-521
Author(s):  
A.W. McKeown ◽  
J.W. Potter ◽  
M. Gartshore ◽  
P. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Monarda Fistulosa ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Because of the need to find plants that suppress root lesion nematodes for use in rotation or cover-crops, 16 native sand-prairie species were evaluated for host status for 6 years. Plants were grown on a Fox sand soil at a local prairie plant nursery. Soil cores were taken in the spring, summer, and fall and assayed for plant parasitic nematodes. Five species supported very low numbers (less than 100/kg soil) of root lesion nematodes. Brown-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) had no detectable nematodes for the duration. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans L., Nash) samples produced detectable nematodes on only two sampling dates over the 6 years and were statistically not different from brown-eyed Susan. Butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa L.) also had very low detectable nematodes as did sand dropseed [Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray.]. New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus L.), little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash], and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi Vitman) were poor hosts with <200 nematodes/kg soil. Mountain mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum L), wild bergamont (Monarda fistulosa L), horsemint (Monarda punctata L), and dwarf blazing star (Liatris cylindracea L) all had root lesion populations over 3000/kg soil. Horsemint and wild bergamont plants died out, possibly as a result of nematode infestation. Root lesion nematodes have an extremely wide host range in current agronomic and horticultural crops, and weeds and are difficult to manage using nonchemical means. Indiangrass, switchgrass, big bluestem, and little bluestem have all been used agriculturally for pastures and consequently have potential as beneficial long-term rotation crops for nematode management and soil building.

scholarly journals Screening Malus Germplasm for Field Resistance to Apple Replant Disease and Root-lesion Nematodes

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 618f-618
Author(s):  
D.K. Isutsa ◽  
I.A. Merwin ◽  
B.B. Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Replant Disease ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Root Necrosis ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Plant Dry Mass

Apple replant disease (ARD) is a serious problem in fruit production, and none of the major clonal rootstocks are resistant to ARD. We have screened Malus domestica clones and species accessions from the USDA Malus Germplasm Repository at Geneva, N.Y., including M. angustifolia-2375.03 (MA), M. coronaria-2966.01 (MC), M. fusca-3031.01 (MF), M. ioensis-3059.01 (MI), M. sieversii-3530.01 (MS), and M. kirghisorum-3578.01 (MK), for resistance to ARD and root-lesion nematodes (RLN, Pratylenchus spp.), in a composite soil collected from 11 New York orchards with known ARD. Plant dry mass and height, root necrosis, and nematode populations in different apple species and clones were compared after 60 days growth in steam-pasteurized (PS), RLN-inoculated (IS), and naturally infested field (FS) soils with 1200 RLN per 100 cm3. More severe stunting, reduced plant dry mass, and root necrosis occurred in FS seedlings compared with those in PS, but M. angustifolia seedlings were substantially more resistant or tolerant to RLN and ARD than the other species tested. Plant dry mass ranked MK>MS>MA>MI>MF>MC, and these differences were significant at the 5% level. RLN root populations were negatively correlated with plant dry mass, and accounted for about 10% of its variation, with nematode populations in roots ranking MC>MF>MK>MI>MS>MA. Useful resistance to ARD and parasitic nematodes apparently exists within Malus germplasm collections, and can be identified by testing more genotypes, developing rapid resistance screening methods, and comparing RLN host preferences among Malus genotypes and various orchard cover crops.

scholarly journals Biological fixation, transfer and balance of nitrogen in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) orchard intercropped with different green manure crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilândia Farias Dantas ◽  
Ana Dolores Santiago de Freitas ◽  
Maria do Carmo Catanho Pereira de Lyra ◽  
Carolina Etienne de Rosália e Silva Santos ◽  
Stella Jorge de Carvalho Neta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Jack Bean ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Passiflora Edulis Sims

Green manures can replace or supplement mineral fertilization and add organic matter to the soils, ensuring greater sustainability to fruit growing in semiarid regions. Biological fixation, transfer and balance of nitrogen were determined on an irrigated yellow passion fruit orchard (Passiflora edulis Sims) intercropped separately with three cover crops: sunn hemp, Crotalaria juncea (L.); pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill; and jack bean, Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. In a fourth treatment, legumes were not planted, but spontaneous vegetation was left to grow freely. The legumes were croped for 90 days in three lines (0.5 m apart) inside the passion fruit plant lines (2.5 m apart). Fixation and transfers were determined by the 15N natural abundance technique, using sunflower as a reference plant. The three planted legumes nodulated abundantly and fixed nitrogen in high proportions (between 50 and 90% of their N), forming symbiosis with bacteria naturally established in the soil. Jack bean produced more biomass than sunn hemp and pigeon pea, and as much as the spontaneous plants, of which 23% were legumes. The amounts of fixed N (150, 43, 30 and 29 kg ha-1) were determined mainly by the biomass of legumes. More than 40% of the N of passion fruit plants came from the biological nitrogen fixation of the intercropped jack bean, which provided an amount of N higher than that exported in the fruits, generating a positive balance of more than 100 kg ha-1. Therefore, it is recommended to intercrop jack bean in irrigated passion fruit orchards.

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