Host status and phenotypic diversity of rice genotypes in relation to Pratylenchus brachyurus resistance

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Fabio Biela ◽  
Claudia Regina Dias-Arieira ◽  
Andressa Cristina Zamboni Machado ◽  
Simone de Melo Santana-Gomes ◽  
Michelly Ragazzi Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Reproduction Factor ◽  
Control Genotype

The aim of this study was to assess the susceptibility of rice genotypes toPratylenchus brachyurusand investigate the inheritance of resistance in the crop. Two experiments were conducted under controlled conditions, using naturally infested soil. Twenty-six rice genotypes were assessed, with maize used to show the susceptibility pattern. The maize was cultivated for 90 days and the initial nematode population was determined. Then, rice genotypes were cultivated, and the final nematode population and the reproduction factor (RF) were estimated 90 days after germination. All genotypes were susceptible toP. brachyurusin the two experiments but only one showed statistical differences, indicating variation in susceptibility, and genotypes Linhagem L03-107 and Cateto Amarelo scored higher than the control genotype, with RF of 8.80 and 9.48, respectively. Inheritance of resistance was poorly influenced by genotype genetics. Cluster analysis allowed the identification of five different groups of genotypes but there was low genetic variability among the genotypes.

Host status of green manures for two isolates of Pratylenchus brachyurus in Brazil

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Ferraz ◽  
Luis Motta ◽  
Mário Inomoto ◽  
Kércya de Siqueira ◽  
Andressa Machado
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Host Status

AbstractDue to the complexity of management of plant-parasitic nematodes in cash crops, the use of non-chemical methods, such as rotation with green manures, has increased in recent years. However, data about the host status of green manures for lesion nematodes are scarce. Thus, two glasshouse trials were carried out to evaluate the host status of some green manures for two isolates of Pratylenchus brachyurus, a root-lesion nematode often found attacking soybean, maize and cotton in Brazil. Green manures tested were pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) cultivars Fava Larga and Iapar 43, Crotalaria juncea, C. spectabilis, C. mucronata, C. breviflora, C. ochroleuca, C. paulina, velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens) cvs Black, Dwarf and Gray. Soybean cv. Pintado and French marigold (Tagetes patula) were included as standard good and poor hosts for P. brachyurus. In a separate glasshouse experiment, a naturally infested soil was used to evaluate the suitability of two green manures to P. brachyurus in comparison with two gramineaceous cover crops. In addition, morphometric studies were carried out with the two isolates of P. brachyurus used in experiments in order to confirm the species. Among the 11 green manures tested, at least two, C. spectabilis and C. breviflora, can be useful as rotation crops to reduce population densities of P. brachyurus, irrespective of the origin of the nematode. By contrast, all velvetbean cultivars and C. juncea must be avoided in infested areas as they are good hosts for the nematode.

scholarly journals Host Range of a California Sting Nematode Population

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1276-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bekal ◽  
J.O. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Belonolaimus Longicaudatus ◽  
Host Status ◽  
California Population ◽  
Reproduction Factor

Recently, sting nematodes were discovered associated with dying turfgrass in several golf courses in Coachella Valley, Calif. Based on their morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA restriction pattern, the pests were identified as Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau. This study was undertaken to determine the host status of 60 different plant species and cultivars for a California population of B. longicaudatus. The host range tests were conducted under greenhouse conditions at 25 ± 2 °C and ambient light. At the second-leaf stage, each pot was infested with 55 ± 12 adults or fourth-stage juveniles per 150 g of blow sand. The population densities determined after 7 weeks of incubation qualified >80% of the plants tested as good hosts with a reproduction factor (Rf = Pf/Pi) > 4. The majority of those were grasses, although reproduction was best on Gossypium hirsutum L. with Rf = 58.6. While Capsicum annuum L., Medicago sativa L., Arachis hypogaea L., Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm., Cucumis sativus L., and Daucus carota L. were less suitable host plants with Rf < 4, only Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, Citrullus lanatus Thunb., and Nicotiana tabacum L. were nonhosts among the tested species. This sting nematode population had a high reproductive fitness on a majority of species tested and must be considered a major threat for most agricultural and horticultural crops grown in sandy soils.

Compatibility of Pasteuria penetrans with fungal parasite Paecilomyces lilacinus against root knot nematode on Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
K.K. Chaudhary ◽  
R. K. Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Paecilomyces Lilacinus ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Spore Culture

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) crop is highly susceptible for the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and every year this nematode causes great loss to the crop. The present study investigated the cumulative effect of two biocontrol agents viz. Pasteuria penetrans and Paecilomyces lilacinus against M. incognita. Two doses of P. penetrans i.e. 50g/Kg and 100g/Kg infested soil were applied either alone or in combination with two doses of P. lilacinus i.e. 4g spore culture/Kg and 6g spore culture/Kg of soil. Application of P. penetrans with P. lilacinus resulted into relatively better improvement in various growth attributes of chilli when compared with the individual application. Amongst the various treatments tested combined application with the higher dose of both bioagents (i.e. 100g P. penetrans infested soil with 6g of P. lilacinus/Kg) showed maximum improvement in fresh and dry weight of shoot and root over the nematode check and it was almost at par with that of the absolute check. The combined application of both the bioagents at higher dose resulted in 139 and 84% increase in dry weight of shoot and root over the nematode check respectively. The combined application of both the bioagents was also observed to cause higher reduction in gall number and nematode population than their individual application except for the treatment having lower dose of the P. penetrans with P. lilacinus where reduction in both the parameters was observed to be at par with that of the either dose of P. penetrans or higher dose of P. lilacinus. Combined application with higher dose of P. penetrans and P. lilacinus showed maximum reduction of 62.6 and 82.2% in gall numbers and nematode population over the nematode check.

scholarly journals Effect of coffee silver skin and brewers’ spent grain in the control of root-knot nematodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thligene ◽  
G. N. Mezzapesa ◽  
D. Mondelli ◽  
A. Trani ◽  
P. Veronico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Spent Grain

SummaryPlant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are important pests of numerous agricultural crops especially vegetables, able to cause remarkable yield losses correlated to soil nematode population densities at sowing or transplant. The concern on environmental risks, stemming from the use of chemical pesticides acting as nematicides, compels to their replacement with more sustainable pest control strategies. To verify the effect of aqueous extracts of the agro-industry waste coffee silverskin (CS) and brewers’ spent grain (BSG) on the widespread root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and on the physiology of tomato plants, a pot experiment was carried out in a glasshouse at 25 ± 2 °C. The possible phytotoxicity of CS and BSG extracts was assessed on garden cress seeds. Tomato plants (landrace of Apulia Region) were transplanted in an artificial nematode infested soil with an initial population density of 3.17 eggs and juveniles/mL soil. CS and BSG were applied at rates of 50 and 100 % (1L/pot). Untreated and Fenamiphos EC 240 (nematicide) (0.01 μL a.i./mL soil) treated plants were used as controls. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chlorophyll content of tomato plants were estimated during the experiment. CS extract, at both doses, significantly reduced nematode population in comparison to the untreated control, although it was less effective than Fenamiphos. BSG extract did not reduce final nematode population compared to the control. Ten days after the first treatment, CS 100 %, BSG 50 % and BSG 100% elicited the highest ROS values, which considerably affected the growth of tomato plants in comparison to the untreated plants. The control of these pests is meeting with difficulties because of the current national and international regulations in force, which are limiting the use of synthetic nematicides. Therefore, CS extracts could assume economic relevance, as alternative products to be used in sustainable strategies for nematode management.

scholarly journals Crotalaria species in succession to soybean for the management of Pratylenchus brachyurus

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thays Torquato Cruz ◽  
Guilherme Lafourcarde Asmus ◽  
Rodrigo Arroyo Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Lesion Nematode

ABSTRACT: Soybean is the main agricultural crop in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It is primarily cultivated in a crop succession system, in wich soybean is grown in spring/summer, followed by corn or graminaceous pastures in autumn/winter as a second crop. Due to the intensive cultivation, new phytosanitary problems have arisen, among them the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus, which besides causing damage to plant roots, can be important gateway for other soil pathogens. The recent occurrence of high nematode population densities has brought great concern due to the limited resistant soybean genotypes available. Besides, the use of nematicides only reduces nematodes populations temporarily. A viable alternative for the control of soil nematodes could be the use of Crotalaria spp. in succession or rotation with soybean. Crotalaria is immune or a bad host to the nematode, besides having high capacity of biological nitrogen fixation. Thus, the objective of the present research was to define the best way of insertion of this legume as a second crop in soybean production systems to reduce the population density of the root-lesion nematode. Two experiments were carried out: one in the field, in an infested area, and other in a greenhouse. In both experiments, the treatments were: 1) Zea mays, 2) Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés,, 3) Z. mays + Crotalaria spectabilis, 4) Z. mays + C. ochroleuca, 5) B. brizantha cv. Xaraés + C. spectabilis, 6) B. brizantha cv. Xaraés + C. ochroleuca, 7) C. spectabilis, and 8) C. ochroleuca. The effect of the treatments was evaluated by estimating the number of nematodes in the roots of autumn/winter crops, as well as in the roots of the soybean cultivated in the sequence. The cultivation of both Crotalaria species provided suppression of the nematode population. However, when intercropped with corn or Xaraés palisade grass, the suppressive effect of Crotalaria was supplanted by corn and Xaraés palisadegrass susceptibility to the root-lesion nematode.

Host suitability of Rosa accessions for Pratylenchus penetrans

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
Maurice Moens ◽  
Yunliang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Host Development

AbstractA method for screening Rosa accessions for their host suitability to Pratylenchus penetrans was developed. The best conditions were obtained in growth chambers with plants grown in sand, inoculated with 250 P.penetrans per 50 cm3 pot and fertilised weekly with 0.75 g/dm3 soluble fertiliser (containing 20% N, 20% P2O5, 20% K2O and balanced trace elements). Fifty days after nematode inoculation, these conditions permitted greater nematode multiplication than any other combination tested and also allowed good host development. When used for the screening of 21 Rosa accessions, these conditions revealed a large variation in host suitability. Least multiplication (Pf/Pi) was observed on R. virginiana (1.36) but this did not differ significantly from that on R. multiflora (2.87). The greatest Pf/Pi was on R. canina cv. Superba but this did not differ significantly from that on R. canina cv. Pollmeriana. The correlation of Pf/Pi with the nematode population and the number of eggs within the roots was significant; the percentage of nematodes outside roots was negatively correlated with Pf/Pi. The intermediate host status of R. corymbifera cv. Laxa, one of the most common rootstocks, was confirmed. Differences in host status became statistically significant when intra-accession variation was observed with a larger number of plants.

Infectivity and reproduction of Scutellonema bradys on weeds and cultivated plant species

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Darcilúcia Oliveira do Carmo ◽  
Nailson Santos de Almeida ◽  
Jorge Teodoro de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Trap Plants ◽  
Heliotropium Indicum ◽  
Relative Infectivity ◽  
Reproduction Factor

The nematode Scutellonema bradys is the main phytosanitary problem of yam (Dioscorea rotundata) in the Brazilian State of Bahia. Little is known about the host range of this nematode in Brazil, especially on weeds and plant species cultivated together with yam. This study aimed at evaluating different plant species to determine their host status to S. bradys and to study the relative infectivity of different stages of the nematode on selected host plants. Among the 48 evaluated plant species, 12 were infected by S. bradys. Yam was considered to be the only good host of the nematode, while Luffa algyptiaca, Momordica charantia, Heliotropium indicum, Vigna unguiculata, Cucurbita pepo, Abelmoschus esculentus, Sicana odorifera, Solanum lycopersicum and Ipomoea batatas were classified as bad hosts because of the relatively low reproduction factor as compared to yam. Crotalaria juncea and Cajanus cajan behaved as trap plants because large numbers of S. bradys penetrated their roots but populations decreased over time. Our results showed that juveniles are more infective than females and these are more infective than males on roots of five host plants. We also demonstrated that S. bradys prefers certain host plants as inferred by their lower reproduction on roots of these hosts. Penetration of juveniles tended to be spread over 16 days after inoculation, whereas for adults it was more concentrated at 8 days after inoculation. These results may be important to plan crop rotation schemes to control the yam nematode.

scholarly journals Vertical Distribution of Pratylenchus Alleni and P. Scribneri in Soybean Roots

1969 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
N. Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Nematode Population Density ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Total P

In a study of the distribution of Pratylenchus alleni and P. scribneri within Clark 63 soybean roots from nematode-infested soil, populations of both nematode species were most abundant in the first 10-15 cm of the root zone, 30 days after planting. There was a distinct decrease in nematode population density in both species with depth of the taproot. Fifty percent of the total P. alleni population in lateral roots was located in the first 5 cm from the taproot, whereas only 26% of P. scribneri population occurred in this region.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics of Pratylenchus brachyurus in Maize Treated with Inorganic Fertilizer

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Ayoola Abiodun Adesuyi ◽  
Adedotun Daniel Adewumi ◽  
Tobi Susan Elufisan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Maize Plants

Field studies were conducted in the early and late season of 2010 in the tropical rainforest zone of Nigeria to investigate the effects of NPK fertilizer as an inorganic soil amendment at 75 kg/ha and 150 kg/ha in four replications on population densities of Pratylenchus brachyurus and on crop yield of maize. Seeds of maize variety, DMR LSR-Y were collected from Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan. The experimental field was naturally infested with Pratylenchus spp. due to subsequent continuous cultivation of susceptible crop on the field. Seeds were planted and NPK was applied around the roots of maize plants 3 weeks after seedling emergence. Soil samples were taken on treatment plots at planting and harvest to determine the percentage change in nematode population. At the end of experiment, NPK application resulted in the increase in the nematode population. However, the grain yield of maize was not reduced by the increased nematode densities. The results of this study suggests that the usage of NPK caused a surge in the nematode reproduction on the field due to the availability of more feeding sites on the actively growing root system of the crop.

Pathogenicity and reproductive fitness of Pratylenchus brachyurus on cowpea

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kércya Maria Simões de Siqueira ◽  
Mário Massayuki Inomoto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
The Third ◽  
Field Management ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Reproduction Factor

AbstractThe lesion nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus is widespread in cowpea plantations throughout the tropics and sub-tropics. However, the pathogenicity of P. brachyurus on cowpea has been scarcely studied. In this work, it was demonstrated in two glasshouse experiments that an isolate (Pb20) of P. brachyurus was pathogenic to cowpea cv. IPA-206, adversely affecting the plant growth and pod formation and filling. Initial population levels of 5000 and 15 000 nematodes per plant caused reduction of root growth and typical decay of root tissue. The third experiment demonstrated that all six cowpea cultivars selected for evaluation supported reproduction of three isolates of P. brachyurus (Pb20, Pb21 and Pb23) in their roots, although the reproduction factor values obtained indicated that they were dissimilar in their reproductive fitness. Low resistance to P. brachyurus was reported for at least one tested cultivar, but apparently of an insufficient degree to be effective for field management of the nematode.

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