Improving suppression of Meloidogyne spp. by Purpureocillium lilacinum strain 251

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gita Parajuli ◽  
Gita Parajuli ◽  
Robert Kemerait ◽  
Gita Parajuli ◽  
Robert Kemerait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Nematode Eggs

The fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum (syn. Paecilomyces lilacinus) is marketed for control of plant-parasitic nematodes in several countries. Our objectives in this study were to determine whether suppression of Meloidogyne spp. by P. lilacinum strain 251 was affected by the crop plant and whether growing winter cover crops such as rye and crimson clover would improve suppression of M. incognita on cotton by the fungus. All experiments were conducted in a glasshouse using non-sterilised field soil. To determine the relative efficacy of P. lilacinum on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and maize (Zea mays), four concentrations of P. lilacinum (NemOut™) were applied in furrow: 336, 252, 168 and 0 g ha−1. Although the fungus reduced numbers of eggs of Meloidogyne spp. on all crops, percentage suppression was lower on maize than on cotton and peanut at all inoculum levels of P. lilacinum. When rye and crimson clover were grown in pots for 30 days and then killed with a herbicide prior to applying P. lilacinum and M. incognita and planting cotton, the fungus failed to suppress numbers of nematode eggs when the surface residues of the cover crops were removed. However, when the residues were left on the soil surface, percentage suppression (49% for clover and 63% for rye) was greater than when the soil was left fallow (36%). The residues could have created conditions that were more conducive than bare soil to the fungus, such as lower soil temperatures and increase moisture retention.

Host suitability of summer cover crops to Meloidogyne arenaria, M. enterolobii, M. incognita and M. javanica

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hung X. Bui ◽  
Johan A. Desaeger
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

Summary Cover crops can be a useful tool for managing plant-parasitic nematodes provided they are poor or non-hosts for the target nematode species. A glasshouse experiment was done to determine the host status of four common cover crops in Florida, sunn hemp, cowpea, sorghum sudangrass and sunflower, to pure populations of four common tropical root-knot nematode (RKN) species Meloidogyne javanica (Mj), M. incognita (Mi), M. enterolobii (Me) and M. arenaria (Ma). Tomato was included as a susceptible control. Eight weeks after nematode inoculation (WAI), tomato showed the highest root gall damage for all tested RKN species, with gall indices (GI) between 7 (Ma) and 8.5 (Me) and reproduction factor (RF) ranging from 20 (Ma) to 50 (Mj). No visible root galls were observed for any of the RKN species on sunn hemp and sorghum sudangrass at 8 WAI. However, Mj and Mi were able to reproduce slightly on sorghum sudangrass (RF = 0.02 and 0.79, respectively). Sunflower and cowpea were infected by all four tested RKN species, but host suitability varied. Sunflower root galling ranged from 1.1 (Me) to 4.5 (Mj) and RF = 3.2 (Me) to 28.7 (Mj), while cowpea root galling ranged from 0.6 (Mi) to 5.1 (Me) and RF = 0.8 (Mi) to 67.3 (Mj). Sunn hemp and, to a lesser extent, sorghum sudangrass were poor hosts to all four tested RKN species. Sunflower was a good host to all RKN species, but root gall damage and RF were lowest for Me. Cowpea was a good host to Mj, Me and Ma, but a poor host to Mi. Our results confirm and stress the importance of RKN species identification when selecting cover crops as an RKN management strategy.

scholarly journals Surveying for Virus-vectoring Nematodes in Container-grown Blueberry Plants in Oregon

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sharma-Poudyal ◽  
C. Fraley ◽  
N. K. Osterbauer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plastic Sheet ◽  
Gravel Bed ◽  
Effective Barrier ◽  
Gravel Layer ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Plant Parasitic

The goal of this study was to determine the risk of finding virus-vectoring nematodes in containerized blueberry plants placed on gravel. To detect dagger nematode, soil, and potting media samples were collected from blueberry nurseries growing plants in containers using soilless potting media, with the containers placed on a gravel bed or, for one nursery, on a plastic sheet placed on the soil surface. Potting media samples were collected from containers holding plants and soil samples were collected from beneath the gravel or plastic barrier. Nematodes were extracted from all of the samples using sucrose centrifugation. No dagger or other plant parasitic nematodes were detected in any of the samples tested. These results suggest no treatment of soilless potting media is necessary before planting blueberries into containers. Similarly, the gravel layer seems to be an effective barrier for suppressing dagger and other plant parasitic nematodes. Accepted for publication 25 July 2016. Published 8 August 2016.

Distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in South Australian vineyards

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (81) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Tylenchulus Semipenetrans ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Citrus Nematode ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Vineyards in all five of South Australia's grapegrowing districts were surveyed for plant parasitic nematodes. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) occurrcd in four districts, and were present in almost all vineyards with sandy soil in the Riverland, Barossa Valley and Central districts. Four species (M. arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica) were identified. Citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) was wide-spread in Riverland vineyards, and isolated infestations were found in other districts. Other plant parasitic nematode genera found during the survey were Helicotylenchus, Macroposthonia, Paratrichodorus, Paratylenchus, Prat ylenchus, Tylenchorh ynchus and Xiphinema.

scholarly journals Plant parasitic nematode communities associated with the crop banana (Musa spp.) at Attappady Tribal hill area, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-618
Author(s):  
Ashfak A. ODALA ◽  
Rasmi A. RAMANATHAN ◽  
Usman ARERATH
Keyword(s):  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Musa Acuminata ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Hill Area ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Attappady is a region of immense biological importance comes under the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve area of India at Palakkad district. Biodiversity study of this hill area has great importance in conservative science. Except a national range study for nematode fauna of banana (Musa spp.) in Indian banana fields, a detailed survey of this agriculturally and environmentally important area has not reported till now. The diversity analysis of plant parasitic nematodes was done with samples taken from rhizosphere soil and roots of banana at this area. Comparing with the reported nationwide study the present study newly reported the presence of Aphelenchus spp., Dorylaimoides spp., Hoplolaimus spp., Rotylenchulus spp., Tylenchorynchus spp. and Tylenchus spp. from the crop banana other than the already reported one’s such as Helicotylenchus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp. and Radopholus spp. The analysis of nematode genera in different banana cultivars such as Musa × paradisiaca L. (AAB) ‘Nendran’, Musa acuminata Colla (AAA) ‘Robusta’, Musa acuminata Colla (AA) ‘Kadali’ and Musa × paradisiaca L. (Mysore AAB) ‘Poovan’ revealed differences in the reaction to attack between genotypes, and that the cultivar ‘Nendran’ was the most susceptible one to plant parasitic nematodes.

scholarly journals Differential Response of Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Globodera, and Xiphinema Species to the Nematicide Fluazaindolizine

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 2003-2009
Author(s):  
Catherine L. Wram ◽  
Inga Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Parasitic

This research focused on the effects of fluazaindolizine on a diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes. In microwell assays, 24-h dose-response curves were generated for several species and populations of Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus neglectus, P. penetrans, Globodera ellingtonae, and Xiphinema americanum. In a greenhouse study, the impact of fluazaindolizine on fecundity of M. incognita, M. hapla, and M. chitwoodi was tested by exposing nematodes for 24 h in solution and inoculating on tomato. The average 24-h ED50s (dose that resulted in the immobility of 50% of exposed nematodes) for M. hapla, M. chitwoodi, and M. incognita were 325.7, 223.4, and 100.7 ppm, respectively. M. hapla had the most variation among populations, with 24-h ED50s ranging from 72 to 788 ppm. G. ellingtonae had the lowest 24-h ED50 at 30 ppm. Pratylenchus spp. were unaffected by fluazaindolizine. X. americanum was the only species where effects of fluazaindolizine were reversible, but had a 24-h ED50 that fell in the range of the Meloidogyne spp. In the greenhouse study, M. chitwoodi was the least sensitive with reproduction reaching 62% of the untreated control after a pre-exposure to 47 ppm, whereas M. incognita and M. hapla at the same exposure dose had reproduction rates of 27 and 36% of the untreated control, respectively. Despite varying in in vitro responses to fluazaindolizine, reproduction of all Meloidogyne spp. was suppressed after only 24 h of exposure. This study expanded our understanding of how G. ellingtonae, P. thornei, P. penetrans, and X. americanum respond to fluazaindolizine.

Effect of the green manures Sinapis alba, Brassica napus and Raphanus sativus on hatching of Globodera rostochiensis

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 965-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yirina Valdes ◽  
Roland N. Perry ◽  
Nicole Viaene ◽  
Maurice Moens
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Important Pest

AbstractThe potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, is a quarantine organism. Environmentally benign control measures for this economically important pest are needed. Green manures, in particular plants from the Brassicaceae, suppress some plant-parasitic nematodes and have potential as control agents. This study examined if growing and incorporating cover crops from the Brassicaceae family influenced hatching of G. rostochiensis. The effect of root diffusates and plant extracts, as well as soil incorporation of plant material from three commonly used species of green manures, was studied in in vitro bioassays and pot tests. The results showed that brassica diffusates and plant extracts were not nematicidal. In addition, although they did not cause hatch by themselves, pretreatment with these solutions enhanced subsequent hatch in host root diffusates. The results are discussed in the context of the hatching response of G. rostochiensis and the likely influence on field usage of these green manures.

scholarly journals Time Series Analysis of Soil Freeze and Thaw Processes in Indiana

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushar Sinha ◽  
Keith A. Cherkauer
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Soil Frost ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Abstract Seasonal cycles of freezing and thawing influence surface energy and water cycle fluxes. Specifically, soil frost can lead to the reduction in infiltration and an increase in runoff response, resulting in a greater potential for soil erosion. An increase in the number of soil freeze–thaw cycles may reduce soil compaction, which could affect various hydrologic processes. In this study, the authors test for the presence of significant trends in soil freeze–thaw cycles and soil temperatures at several depths and compare these with other climatic variables including air temperature, snowfall, snow cover, and precipitation. Data for the study were obtained for three research stations located in northern, central, and southern Indiana that have collected soil temperature observations since 1966. After screening for significant autocorrelations, testing for trends is conducted at a significance level of 5% using Mann–Kendall’s test. Observations from 1967 to 2006 indicate that air temperatures during the cold season are increasing at all three locations, but there is no significant change in seasonal and annual average precipitation. At the central and southern Indiana sites, soil temperatures are generally warming under a bare soil surface, with significant reductions in the number of days with soil frost and freeze–thaw cycles for some depths. Meanwhile, 5-cm soils at the northernmost site are experiencing significant decreases in cold season temperatures, as an observed decrease in annual snowfall at the site is counteracting the increase in air temperature. Seasonal mean maximum soil temperatures under grass cover are increasing at the southernmost site; however, at the central site, it appears that seasonal minimum soil temperatures are decreasing and the number of freeze–thaw cycles is increasing.

scholarly journals Immunolocalisation of secreted-excreted products of Meloidogyne spp. using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liziane M. Lima ◽  
Maria F. Grossi-de-Sa ◽  
Railene A. Pereira ◽  
Rosane H.C. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Plant Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Host Parasite

Molecules expressed at the surface cuticle (SC) of plant parasitic nematodes represent the primary plant-nematode interface, and together with secreted-excreted (S-E) products are probably the first signals perceived by the host. These molecules, which are released into plant tissue, probably play important roles in the host-parasite interactions. Characterisation of these antigens will help in the identification of nematode targets useful for novel control strategies, which interfere with the nematode infection of plants. Three monoclonal (MAbs) and three polyclonal (PAbs) antibodies produced to S-E products of Meloidogyne spp. and Heterodera avenae were used to examine their reactivity towards M. incognita and/or M. arenaria second stage juveniles and adult females. The three PAbs showed cross-reactivity with M. incognita and M. arenaria. Antibody Roth-PC 373 strongly recognised molecules present in the SC, amphids and intestine, antibody Roth-PC 389 recognised the nematode amphids and metacorpus, while antibody Roth-PC 419 bound to molecules present in the subventral glands. Reactivity of the MAbs was only tested against M. arenaria. Monoclonal antibody Roth-MAb T116C1.1 showed intense reactivity with molecules present in the amphidial and phasmidial glands. Monoclonal antibodies Roth-MAb T46.2 and T42D.2 labeled the nematode amphids and molecules present in the nematode oesophagus (metacorpus), respectively.

scholarly journals Studies on plant-parasitic nematodes associated with sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L., Lam.) in Gombe State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-482
Author(s):  
Jidere Caleb Iliya ◽  
Simon Lilian Dada ◽  
Sulaiman Ibrahim ◽  
Abraham Peter
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Soil Extraction ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L., Lam.) is one of the most frequently eaten food crops. Its production is affected by plant-parasitic nematodes as well as biotic factors. This study was conducted to document the different plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) that limit the gainful production of sweet potato in Gombe State. Thirty soil core samples per hectare were collected at random from sweet potato farms in the three local government areas (Nafada, Kaltungo, and Yamaltu Deba) of Gombe state. The Whitehead and Hemming method and identification keys were used for the soil extraction and genera identification of the plant-parasitic nematodes respectively. A total of 15 plant-parasitic nematodes were recovered throughout the surveyed areas among which 7 are considered major nematode pests of global importance. Irrespective of the surveyed locations, Meloidogyne spp., was found to record the highest population density and prevalence value. The frequency of occurrence in Y/Deba and Nafada LGAs shows that Meloidogyne spp., wasthe most occurring (32 %) genera. In Kaltungo LGA however, Scutellonema spp., and Rotylenchusspp., were the most occurring (17 %) genera. There was a high similarity percentage (≥ 68 %) of PPN genera where 8 genera (Scutellonema spp., Nacobbus spp., Pratylenchus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Heterodera spp., Xiphinema spp., Trichodorus spp., and Rotylenchus spp.) were found to be common amongst the surveyed locations. This is the first report of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with sweet potato in Gombe state, Nigeria. Hence, it is critical to educate farmers in the regions about their effects on the crop and how to successfully manage them.

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