Characterisation of a topotype and other populations of Hemicriconemoides strictathecatus Esser, 1960 (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from Florida with description of H. phoenicis sp. n. from the USA

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Van den Berg ◽  
Louwrens R. Tiedt ◽  
Renato N. Inserra ◽  
Jason D. Stanley ◽  
Nicola Vovlas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Cuticular Ornamentation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Stylet Length

The results of morphological and molecular analyses of a Florida topotype and other populations of Hemicriconemoides strictathecatus showed that this sheathoid nematode consists of two morphotypes, both with an average stylet length of more than 70 μm, but having different tail termini, bluntly pointed or rounded. These findings confirmed the morphological similarity of H. strictathecatus with H. mangiferae, which was considered a junior synonym of this species as previously proposed by Decraemer & Geraert (1992, 1996). Populations of a sheathoid nematode with a stylet length ranging from 62.5 to 72.0 μm from Taiwan, China, South Africa and Venezuela and identified in previous studies as H. strictathecatus were found to be morphologically and molecularly different from this species and are now considered as representatives of H. litchi. Another sheathoid nematode population from Florida, considered to be H. mangiferae by McSorley et al. (1980), was also found to be morphologically and molecularly congruous with H. litchi. During nematological surveys in Florida, a new sheathoid nematode was detected on date palms imported from California into Florida and is described herein as H. phoenicis sp. n. This new species is related morphologically to the H. strictathecatus morphotype with pointed tail terminus. Both have a stylet longer than 70 μm. The new species is phylogenetically related to H. strictathecatus and H. litchi. It differs morphologically from other Hemicriconemoides species by the cuticular ornamentation of the annuli, which are marked by coarse longitudinal ridges, grooves and thick margins. Morphological and molecular characterisations of H. cocophillus from Mozambique and Florida, USA are also elucidated in this study. New phylogenies of the genus Hemicriconemoides as inferred from the analyses of the ITS rRNA, D2-D3 of 28S rRNA and partial coxI gene sequences are provided.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Tylencholaimellus zeinabadensis sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimellidae) from Iran, with additional data on five known species of the genus

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-612
Author(s):  
Nasir Vazifeh ◽  
Gholamreza Niknam ◽  
Habibeh Jabbari ◽  
Arezoo Naghavi ◽  
Reyes Peña-Santiago
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Pharyngeal Bulb ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
28S Rrna Gene ◽  
Region 10

Summary Six species of the genus Tylencholaimellus, one new and five known, collected in virgin and cultivated soils of East Azarbaijan province, Iran, are studied. Tylencholaimellus zeinabadensis sp. n. is morphologically characterised by its 1.2-1.7 mm long body, lip region 10-13 μm wide and offset by deep and broad constriction, odontostyle 16-20 μm long, stylet 22-30 μm long, neck 186-234 μm long, pharyngeal bulb 30-43 μm long, anterior uterine sac 55-103 μm long or 0.9-1.7 corresponding body diam. long, V = 34-41, tail short and rounded to conoid (20-30 μm, c = 45-83, c′ = 0.5-1.0), spicules 39-50 μm long, and one or two ventromedian supplements with hiatus. Molecular analyses using the D2-D3 expansion regions of the 28S rRNA gene sequences of the new species confirmed the monophyly of this genus based upon currently available data. A population of T. affinis is described and illustrated, and new data (morphometrics, pictures and distribution) are provided for T. loofi, T. paracinctus, T. polonicus and T. striatus.

Characterisation of some Scutellonema species (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae) occurring in Botswana, South Africa, Costa Rica and the USA, with description of S. clavicaudatum sp. n. and a molecular phylogeny of the genus

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Van den Berg ◽  
Louwrens R. Tiedt ◽  
Jason D. Stanley ◽  
Renato N. Inserra ◽  
Sergei A. Subbotin
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Its Rrna ◽  
High Level

The genusScutellonemacontains more than 40 species of spiral nematodes with enlarged phasmids called scutella. In this study, we provide morphological and molecular characterisation ofS. clavicaudatumsp. n.,S. brachyurus,S. bradys,S. cavenessi,S. transvaalense,S. truncatumandScutellonemasp. A. from North and Central America, and Africa. The new species,S. clavicaudatumsp. n., was found on sugarcane in South Africa and is characterised by a lack of lip annuli as inS. africanum,S. siamenseandS. truncatum. The lip region, in both males and females, is conical and marked by six large rectangular blocks separated or fused with the submedian and lateral lip sectors, which surround a round and distinct labial disc. Females of this new species also have large vaginal glands, a functional spermatheca, the lateral field posterior to the scutellum ending in a bluntly pointed shape and a clavate tail. Morphological descriptions, measurements, light and scanning electron microscopic photos and drawings are also given forS. bradys,S. cavenessi,S. transvaalenseandS. truncatum. The study of spiral nematode samples from Florida, USA, confirmed the presence of a morphologically and genetically atypical populations ofS. bradys. The morphology of theS. bradyspopulation from Bermuda grass in pasture land from central Florida fits that of type specimens of this species, but differs in having a truncate tail terminus rather than round and also a prominent spermatheca filled with flagellate spermatozoa. Other FloridaScutellonemasamples analysed in this study belonged toS. cavenessi, a species native to West Africa. This is the first report ofS. cavenessiin Florida, where it parasitises the ornamental plantSansevieria trifasciata. Our study showed a high level of intraspecific variation forScutellonemarRNA and mtDNA genes, which can reach 5.6% for the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, 12.9% for the ITS rRNA genes and 14.4% for theCOIgene. Phylogenetic relationships withinScutellonemaare given as inferred from the analyses of the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA and theCOImtDNA gene sequences.

Morphological and molecular characterisation and diagnostics of some species of Scutellonema Andrássy, 1958 (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae) with a molecular phylogeny of the genus

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 719-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther van den Berg ◽  
Esther van den Berg ◽  
Louwrens R. Tiedt ◽  
Esther van den Berg ◽  
Louwrens R. Tiedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Type A ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Type B ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Coi Mtdna ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Its Rrna

Scutellonema spp. are widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions of the world and are associated with numerous agricultural and horticultural crops. Identification of many Scutellonema species is not always reliable, in part because many species share very similar diagnostic characters. In this study, we provide morphological and molecular characterisation of S. brachyurus from the USA and South Africa, S. bradys from Nigeria and three unidentified species from California, USA, New Zealand and Burkina Faso. Morphological descriptions, measurements, light and scanning electron microscopic photos and drawings are given for S. brachyurus. Females of S. brachyurus from the USA (type A) and South Africa (type B) showed a significant variation in the number of sectors and blocks on the lip annuli, ranging from about 4-12 and from 8-20, respectively. Molecular analysis using the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA and the COI mtDNA gene sequences revealed two distinct genotypes within S. brachyurus samples: type A (samples from USA, Italy, Korea, Taiwan) and type B (South Africa). Multivariate analyses determined that S. brachyurus from the USA and Taiwan (type A) differed from that from South Africa (type B) mainly in body, tail and DGO lengths, and ratios b′, c′, c and V. Phylogenetic relationships within Scutellonema are given as inferred from the analyses of the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA and the COI mtDNA gene sequences. PCR-RFLP diagnostic profiles and PCR with species-specific primers are developed for the studied Scutellonema species.

Molecular phylogeny of Australasian anopsobiine centipedes (Chilopoda : Lithobiomorpha)

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Edgecombe ◽  
Gonzalo Giribet
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
16S Rna

Species assigned to the anopsobiine centipede genera Anopsobius Silvestri, 1899, and Dichelobius Attems, 1911, are widely distributed on fragments of the Gondwanan supercontinent, including temperate and tropical Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, the Cape region of South Africa, and southern South America. Phylogenetic relationships between Australasian and other Gondwanan Anopsobiinae are inferred based on parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses (via direct optimisation) of sequence data for five markers: nuclear ribosomal 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA, mitochondrial ribosomal 12S rRNA and 16S RNA, and the mitochondrial protein-coding cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. New molecular data are added for Anopsobius from South Africa and New Zealand, Dichelobius from New Caledonia, and a new species from Queensland, Australia, Dichelobius etnaensis, sp. nov. The new species is based on distinctive morphological and molecular data. The molecular phylogenies indicate that antennal segmentation in the Anopsobiinae is a more reliable taxonomic character than is spiracle distribution. The former character divides the Gondwanan clade into a 17-segmented group (Dichelobius) and a 15-segmented group (Anopsobius). Confinement of the spiracles to segments 3, 10 and 12 has at least two origins in the Gondwanan clade. The area cladogram for Dichelobius (Queensland (Western Australia + New Caledonia)) suggests a relictual distribution pruned by extinction.

Remarks on Doryphoribius flavus (Iharos, 1966), and description of three new species (Tardigrada, Hypsibiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2834 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
OSCAR LISI
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Pharyngeal Bulb ◽  
Medial Margin ◽  
Cuticular Ornamentation ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Shape And Size

The author examined paratypes of Doryphoribius flavus (Iharos, 1966) (formerly Hypsibius (Isohypsibius) flavus Iharos, 1966), and the holotype and paratypes of D. citrinus (Maucci, 1972) (which is considered a junior synonym of D. flavus), furnishing new details, both qualitative and metric, to the description of the species, and providing a discussion on the synonymy. Specimens, previously attributed to these species, from Amazonia, South Africa, and Bali, were also examined and proved to belong to three species new to science: Doryphoribius amazzonicus sp. nov., Doryphoribius bindae sp. nov., and Doryphoribius solidunguis sp. nov. Doryphoribius amazzonicus sp. nov. has a reticular cuticular ornamentation with ridges forming a tubercle at each crossing; legs lacking cuticular ornamentation; buccal tube slightly longer than in D. flavus with respect to the body length, stylet supports inserted on the buccal tube in a slightly more caudal position; peribuccal papulae present; teeth and ridges appear to be absent in the buccal cavity; pharyngeal bulb with apophyses and two macroplacoids; claws slightly shorter and stouter than in D. flavus. Accessory points and smooth lunules present. No other cuticular thickening present on the legs. Doryphoribius bindae sp. nov. has a delicate reticular cuticular ornamentation formed by narrow ridges with a tiny tubercle at each crossing; a fine reticular design present on the legs; peribuccal papulae present, buccal armature with only one dorsal tooth near the medial margin of each stylet sheath. Pharyngeal bulb with apophyses and two macroplacoids. Accessory points and small lunules present. No other cuticular thickening present on the legs. Doryphoribius solidunguis sp. nov. has a very obvious reticular cuticular ornamentation with an irregular shape and size mesh (usually large) delimited by thick, sometimes protruding ridges that may form tubercles at crossings; cuticle of the legs smooth; peribuccal papulae present and two pairs of dorsal teeth lying along the anterior margins of the stylets sheaths. Pharyngeal bulb with apophyses and two macroplacoids. The claws are large and stout with very small accessory points; lunules present, those of the inner claws more evident than in similar species; a cuticular bar is present on the first three pairs of legs. Doryphoribius flavus was considered widespread, but this work exposing cryptic species indicates that the geographic distribution is more restricted.

scholarly journals Molecular and morphological characterisation of Xiphinema granatum n. sp. and Longidorus pisi Edward, Misra & Singh, 1964 (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Iran

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 949-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Pedram ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Juan E. Palomares-Rius ◽  
Razieh Ghaemi ◽  
Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characterisation ◽  
28S Rrna Gene ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Female Genital

Xiphinema granatum n. sp. from pomegranate in Saveh, Markazi province, central Iran, is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to species group 8 of the genus Xiphinema sensu Loof & Luc, 1990. The new species is characterised by a body 3.5-4.1 mm long, 37-49 μm diam., odontostyle and odontophore 118-132 and 65-74 μm long, respectively, presence of sperm in the female genital tracts, uterus devoid of any Z-differentiation or spines, and abundant males with spicules 45-58 μm long. The polytomous identification codes of the new species are: A4, B4, C5a, D5, E56, F4, G23, H2, I3, J4, K2, L2. Beside morphological and morphometric data, molecular analyses of D2-D3 fragments of 28S rRNA gene placed the new species in close relationship with X. vuittenezi and X. italiae and some species belonging to Xiphinema morphospecies group 6, but clearly separated from X. index. In addition, an Iranian population of Longidorus pisi from the same locality is morphologically and molecularly characterised.

Morphological and molecular characterization of two new species of the genus Aporcelinus Andrássy, 2009 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae) from the USA, with new insights on the phylogeny of the genus

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Álvarez-Ortega ◽  
S.A. Subbotin ◽  
R. Peña-Santiago
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Female Tail ◽  
Body Diameter ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Two new species of the genus Aporcelinus from the USA are described and illustrated. Aporcelinus floridensis sp. n. is characterized by its 1.12–1.52 mm long body, lip region offset by marked constriction and 14.5–17.0 μm broad with perioral liplets, odontostyle 16.5–20.0 μm at its ventral side and 1.1–1.2 times the lip region diameter, neck 316–395 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 43–48% of total neck length, uterus simple and 33–56 μm long or 0.8–1.2 times the corresponding body diameter, V = 48–54, female tail conical (36–49 μm long, c = 27–41, c’ = 1.2–2.0) with finely rounded terminus and no hyaline portion, and male absent. Aporcelinus paolae sp. n. is characterized by its 1.29–1.80 mm long body, lip region offset by marked constriction and 14–16 μm broad, odontostyle 15–17 μm at its ventral side and 1.0–1.1 times the lip region diameter, neck 314–397 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 43–53% of total neck length, uterus tripartite and 128–164 μm long or 2.6–3.6 times the corresponding body diameter, V = 53–57, female tail conical (30–39 μm long, c = 40–51, c’ = 1.1–1.3) with finely rounded terminus and variably re-curved dorsad, male tail conical (27–36 μm, c = 39–59, c’ = 0.9–1.2), ventrally straight and dorsally convex, spicules 48–54 μm long, and 7–9 irregularly spaced ventromedian supplements lacking hiatus. The analyses of the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA (LSU) gene sequences of the two new species confirmed the monophyly of the genus, based upon currently available data, showing a close relationship between the genera Aporcelinus and Makatinus, and justified the placement of Aporcelaimellus, Makatinus and Aporcelinus under the subfamily Aporcelaimellinae.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Coslenchus persicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from Iran

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Manouchehr Hosseinvand ◽  
Ali Eskandari ◽  
Reza Ghaderi
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Ribosomal Genes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Rrna Tree ◽  
Basal Bulb ◽  
Stylet Length ◽  
North Western ◽  
A New Species

Summary A new species of Coslenchus from north-western Iran is illustrated and described using morphological, morphometric and molecular data. Coslenchus persicus n. sp. is characterised by a medium-sized body of 694-810 μm, often 18 (seldom 20-22) longitudinal ridges excluding lateral field, head with four distinct annuli, stylet 9.6-10.8 μm long, pharyngeal basal bulb large and cylindrical, spermatheca offset and ovate, without sperm, vulval flaps extending for two annuli, 5-7 μm in length, tail striated with finely to bluntly rounded tip, 110-153 μm long and without males. The new species comes close to C. assamensis, C. diversus, C. japonicus, C. leiocephalus, C. maritus, C. multigyrus, C. paramaritus, C. pastor, and C. polonicus, but can be distinguished from all by differences in body length, stylet length and shape of basal bulb, post-vulval uterine sac, tail and certain morphometric data. Molecular data are provided for the characterisation of the new species using ribosomal genes (18S and 28S rRNA). In the 18S rRNA tree, the new species was placed in a clade including one isolate of Coslenchus sp. from Iran. In the reconstructed 28S rRNA phylogenetic tree, C. persicus n. sp. clustered with other known Coslenchus species.

Characterisation of populations of Longidorus orientalis Loof, 1982 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in the USA and other countries and incongruence of phylogenies inferred from ITS1 rRNA and coxI genes

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei A. Subbotin ◽  
Jason D. Stanley ◽  
Antoon T. Ploeg ◽  
Zahra Tanha Maafi ◽  
Emmanuel A. Tzortzakakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Gene Trees ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Usa

Needle nematode populations ofLongidorus orientalisassociated with date palm,Phoenix dactylifera, and detected during nematode surveys conducted in Arizona, California and Florida, USA, were characterised morphologically and molecularly. The nematode species most likely arrived in California a century ago with propagative date palms from the Middle East and eventually spread to Florida on ornamental date palms that were shipped from Arizona and California. This is the first validated continental record of this needle nematode species in the USA and the Americas. The USA populations ofL. orientaliscontained a small number of males that were not reported in the original description and are herein described.Longidorus orientaliswas able to survive for at least 4 years at very low numbers in the warm and humid environment of Florida on date palms imported from California and Arizona. Association ofL. orientaliswithL. africanuswas observed in all of the surveyed sites, indicating that date palm is a host of both nematodes. Phylogenetic relationships ofL. orientaliswith closely relatedLongidorusspecies, in addition to relationships between populations ofL. orientalisfrom the USA, Greece, Iran and Spain, were inferred from the analyses of D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS1 rRNA and partialcoxIgene sequences. The PCR-D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA-RFLP diagnostic profile is provided.Longidorus orientalispopulations display a high level of intraspecific variation (up to 15.5%) incoxImtDNA sequences. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships of nematode populations revealed incongruence of the ITS1 rRNA andcoxImtDNA gene trees, which might be the result of selective introgression of mtDNA through gene flow between previously isolated populations introduced simultaneously into new geographical regions.

Descriptions of Trichodorus lownsberyi sp. n., Nanidorus minor (Colbran, 1956) Siddiqi, 1974 (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) and Longidorus quercus sp. n. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Mexico

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ignacio Cid del Prado Vera ◽  
Sergei A. Subbotin ◽  
Wilfrida Decraemer
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
28S Rrna Gene ◽  
Buxus Sempervirens ◽  
Stubby Root Nematode

Summary A new species of stubby root nematode, Trichodorus lownsberyi sp. n., collected from soil around Buxus sempervirens at Montecillo Campus, Colegio de Postgraduados, Mexico, is described and illustrated. Trichodorus lownsberyi sp. n. is characterised by the abundant males with a characteristic spicule shape, the narrower part about mid-blade having visible bristles in most specimens, and the presence and position of the three ventromedian cervical papillae, which are all anterior to the secretory-excretory pore. Females possess a rhomboid-shaped vagina and oval to rounded triangular vaginal sclerotised pieces with a pore-like vulva. The phylogenetic relationships of T. lownsberyi sp. n. with related species were constructed using the ITS2 rRNA and the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene sequences. Trichodorus lownsberyi sp. n. was a sister species to T. viruliferus in the phylogenetic trees. A Mexican population of Nanidorus minor from a peach orchard is also described and illustrated. The new needle nematode, Longidorus quercus sp. n., was recovered from soil around roots of oak, Quercus crassipes, from Cerro Jusda ‘El Diablo’ in Mexico State. Longidorus quercus sp. n. females are characterised by the C-shaped posterior end of the body after fixation, L = 4.9 (3.9-5.6) mm, a = 71 (60.8-93.2), lip region rounded, sometimes slightly flattened, marked by depression, odontostylet 170 (144-206) μm long, hemispherical to bluntly conoid tail and no males. The new species was characterised using the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA and COI gene sequences. The phylogenetic relationships of L. quercus sp. n. with other Longidorus species were reconstructed using the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA gene sequences.

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