Antagonistic role of the microbiome from a Meloidogyne hapla-suppressive soil against species of plant-parasitic nematodes with different life strategies

Summary In certain soils populations of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) decline. Understanding this effect may open up environmentally friendly management options. We identified such a suppressive soil containing virtually no PPN. Inoculated Meloidogyne hapla declined in this soil more than in a control soil and reproduction on tomato was reduced. The extracted soil microbiome alone decreased root invasion of second-stage juveniles (J2) and progeny as well as the native soil. We tested the antagonistic potential against PPN that differ in life strategies. The microbiome was most suppressive against two populations of M. hapla and one population of Pratylenchus neglectus, and least suppressive against M. incognita and the ectoparasite Hemicycliophora conida. In a split-root system with M. hapla, plant-mediated but not direct effects of the microbiome significantly reduced root invasion of J2, while direct exposure of M. hapla to the microbiome significantly affected reproduction. Overall, both plant-mediated and direct effects of the microbiome were responsible for the soil suppressiveness against M. hapla.

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Optimizing Safe Approaches to Manage Plant-Parasitic Nematodes

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10091911 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1911

Author(s):

Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad

Keyword(s):

Crop Yields ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Soil Microbiome ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Control Mechanisms ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Safe Alternative ◽

Microbial Groups ◽

Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) infect and cause substantial yield losses of many foods, feed, and fiber crops. Increasing concern over chemical nematicides has increased interest in safe alternative methods to minimize these losses. This review focuses on the use and potential of current methods such as biologicals, botanicals, non-host crops, and related rotations, as well as modern techniques against PPNs in sustainable agroecosystems. To evaluate their potential for control, this review offers overviews of their interactions with other biotic and abiotic factors from the standpoint of PPN management. The positive or negative roles of specific production practices are assessed in the context of integrated pest management. Examples are given to reinforce PPN control and increase crop yields via dual-purpose, sequential, and co-application of agricultural inputs. The involved PPN control mechanisms were reviewed with suggestions to optimize their gains. Using the biologicals would preferably be backed by agricultural conservation practices to face issues related to their reliability, inconsistency, and slow activity against PPNs. These practices may comprise offering supplementary resources, such as adequate organic matter, enhancing their habitat quality via specific soil amendments, and reducing or avoiding negative influences of pesticides. Soil microbiome and planted genotypes should be manipulated in specific nematode-suppressive soils to conserve native biologicals that serve to control PPNs. Culture-dependent techniques may be expanded to use promising microbial groups of the suppressive soils to recycle in their host populations. Other modern techniques for PPN control are discussed to maximize their efficient use.

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Plant Parasitic Nematodes Management Options in Cotton Production

Grow: Plant Health Exchange ◽

10.1094/grow-cot-09-17-114 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Management Options ◽

Plant Parasitic

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NEMATODES IN TOBACCO IN THE MARITIME PROVINCES OF CANADA

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps76-054 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 357-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. KIMPINSKI ◽

K. E. LELACHEUR ◽

L. S. THOMPSON ◽

C. B. WILLIS ◽

C. F. MARKS

Keyword(s):

New Brunswick ◽

Prince Edward Island ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Maritime Provinces ◽

Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽

Tobacco Roots ◽

Plant Parasitic

Soil and root samples were collected from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) fields in Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick in 1970 and 1972, and also from P.E.I, in 1971 and 1974. Twenty genera of plant and soil nematodes were recovered. The dominant plant-parasitic species were Pratylenchus crenatus Loof, 1960 and P. penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filipjev and Stek., 1941. These two species were often found in the same sample and were most numerous in P.E.I., though their numbers were lower than had been recorded previously in forage and vegetable surveys. Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949 was recovered in low numbers from some of the samples. Nematicide treatments usually reduced the number of Pratylenchus spp., but there were no significant increases in yield or quality of tobacco. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments indicated that M. hapla did not invade or reproduce in tobacco roots as quickly as did P. penetrans. Neither species influenced plant growth significantly. It was concluded that plant-parasitic nematodes are riot a major problem in tobacco in the Maritime provinces.

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Bacillus thuringiensiscrystal protein toxicity against plant-parasitic nematodes

Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology ◽

10.1017/s1479236208002003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 13-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yu Zi-Quan ◽

Wang Qian-Lan ◽

Liu Bin ◽

Zou Xue ◽

Yu Zi-Niu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Parasporal Crystal ◽

Crystal Proteins ◽

Parasporal Crystal Protein ◽

Pratylenchus Scribneri ◽

Ditylenchus Destructor ◽

Protein Toxicity ◽

Plant Parasitic

AbstractA bioassay method was developed to use the parasporal crystal protein ofBacillus thuringiensisagainst plant-parasitic nematodes. Using this method, the parasporal crystal proteins of tenBtstrains showed activity against plant-parasitic nematodes. The toxicity of YBT-021 againstMeloidogyne hapla,Pratylenchus scribneri,Tylenchorhynchussp.,Ditylenchus destructorandAphelenchoidessp. was also assayed. The resulting LC50values were 35.62 μg/ml, 75.65 μg/ml, 94.31 μg/ml, 215.21 μg/ml and 128.76 μg/ml, respectively.

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Effects of phytohormones on the surfaces of plant-parasitic nematodes

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182002001956 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 125 (2) ◽

pp. 165-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

A. AKHKHA ◽

J. KUSEL ◽

M. KENNEDY ◽

R. CURTIS

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Binding Proteins ◽

Opposite Effect ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Lipid Probe ◽

Plant Parasitic ◽

Surface Changes

The direct effects of phytohormones (auxin and kinetin) and root diffusates on the surface lipophilicity of the plant parasitic nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and Meloidogyne incognita were investigated. The fluorescent lipid probe AF18 (5-N-(octodecanoyl) aminofluorescein) was used to detect surface changes. Root diffusates increased AF18 uptake by G. rostochiensis while it had no effect on M. incognita. Kinetin and auxin decreased AF18 uptake in G. rostochiensis, while they had the opposite effect on M. incognita. Auxin/kinetin ratio was also found to be important in triggering the surface changes, especially at high concentrations. Whether plant nematodes have auxin and/or kinetin binding proteins is discussed as well as the mechanism behind the surface lipophilicity changes due to root diffusates and phytohormones.

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Plants Specifically Modulate the Microbiome of Root-Lesion Nematodes in the Rhizosphere, Affecting Their Fitness

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9040679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 679

Author(s):

Ahmed Elhady ◽

Olivera Topalović ◽

Holger Heuer

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Root Exudates ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Soil Microbiome ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Ethiopian Mustard ◽

Specific Subset ◽

Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major constraint on agricultural production. They significantly impede crop yield. To complete their parasitism, they need to locate, disguise, and interact with plant signals exuded in the rhizosphere of the host plant. A specific subset of the soil microbiome can attach to the surface of nematodes in a specific manner. We hypothesized that host plants recruit species of microbes as helpers against attacking nematode species, and that these helpers differ among plant species. We investigated to what extend the attached microbial species are determined by plant species, their root exudates, and how these microbes affect nematodes. We conditioned the soil microbiome in the rhizosphere of different plant species, then employed culture-independent and culture-dependent methods to study microbial attachment to the cuticle of the phytonematode Pratylenchus penetrans. Community fingerprints of nematode-attached fungi and bacteria showed that the plant species govern the microbiome associated with the nematode cuticle. Bacteria isolated from the cuticle belonged to Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteria, and Firmicutes. The isolates Microbacterium sp. i.14, Lysobacter capsici i.17, and Alcaligenes sp. i.37 showed the highest attachment rates to the cuticle. The isolates Bacillus cereus i.24 and L. capsici i.17 significantly antagonized P. penetrans after attachment. Significantly more bacteria attached to P. penetrans in microbiome suspensions from bulk soil or oat rhizosphere compared to Ethiopian mustard rhizosphere. However, the latter caused a better suppression of the nematode. Conditioning the cuticle of P. penetrans with root exudates significantly decreased the number of Microbacterium sp. i.14 attaching to the cuticle, suggesting induced changes of the cuticle structure. These findings will lead to a more knowledge-driven exploitation of microbial antagonists of plant-parasitic nematodes for plant protection.

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The Emerging Nematode Problems in Horticultural Crops and their Management

10.5772/intechopen.99292 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Saroj Yadav ◽

Jaydeep A. Patil

Keyword(s):

Cultural Practices ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Management Options ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

Protected Cultivation ◽

Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are responsible for significant monetary losses to horticultural crops. They are unseen foes of crops and devitalize plants by causing injury to plant roots or aboveground parts. From last few decades, increased attention has been paid to nematode problems in horticultural crops in open as well as under protected cultivation. PPNs are obligate parasites, mostly have wide host range and are widespread pathogens of horticultural crops. The dimension of damage is density dependent and their management options vary with type of crop, nematode species and other factors. Recent approaches to combat losses caused by nematodes are the use of nematicides, cultural practices and resistant cultivars that may be used singly or in an integrated manner. This book chapter gives an overview of the emerging nematode problems in horticultural crops and their management strategies.

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Some notes on the occurrence of plant parasitic nematodes of fruit trees in Slovakia

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/2349-pps ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 26-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Lišková ◽

N. Sasanelli ◽

D. lsquoAddabbo T

Keyword(s):

Nematode Species ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Individual Species ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Fruit Orchards ◽

Longidorus Elongatus ◽

Plant Parasitic

Forty plant parasitic nematode species were identified in soil of fruit orchards in the southeastern and southwestern areas of the Danubian Lowlands and East Slovak Lowland, characterised by light sandy soil of riverine origin, locally combined with drift sand landscape. They were Ditylenchus dipsaci, Helicotylenchus canadensis, H. digonicus, H. dihystera, H. multicinctus, Rotylenchus agnetis, R. fallorobustus, R. goodeyi, Rotylenchulus borealis, Pratylenchus crenatus, P. penetrans, P. pratensis, P. thornei, Zygotylenchus guevarai, Pratylenchoides laticauda, Meloidogyne hapla, Bitylenchus dubius, Tylenchorhynchus cylindricus, Merlinius nanus, Macroposthonia antipolitana, M. rustica, M. xenoplax, Paratylenchus bukowinensis, P. elachistus, P. nanus, P. projectus, Longidorus elongatus, L. euonymus, L. juvenilis, unidentified Longidorus sp., Xiphinema diversicaudatum, X. italiae, X. pachtaicum, X. taylori, X. vuittenezi, Trichodorus primitivus, T. sparsus, T. viruliferus, Paratrichodorus macrostylus and P. pachydermus. Many of the observed species are phytopathologically important parasites of fruit trees and some are also vectors of plant viruses. The frequency of occurrence, dominance and abundance of individual species were determined.

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Composted Municipal Green Waste Infused with Biocontrol Agents to Control Plant Parasitic Nematodes—A Review

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9102130 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 2130

Author(s):

Franciska Tóthné Bogdányi ◽

Krisztina Boziné Pullai ◽

Pratik Doshi ◽

Eszter Erdős ◽

Lilla Diána Gilián ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Plant ◽

Biocontrol Agents ◽

Soil Microbiome ◽

Future Research ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Green Waste ◽

Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽

Alternative Measures ◽

Plant Parasitic

The last few years have witnessed the emergence of alternative measures to control plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs). We briefly reviewed the potential of compost and the direct or indirect roles of soil-dwelling organisms against PPNs. We compiled and assessed the most intensively researched factors of suppressivity. Municipal green waste (MGW) was identified and profiled. We found that compost, with or without beneficial microorganisms as biocontrol agents (BCAs) against PPNs, were shown to have mechanisms for the control of plant parasitic nematodes. Compost supports a diverse microbiome, introduces and enhances populations of antagonistic microorganisms, releases nematicidal compounds, increases the tolerance and resistance of plants, and encourages the establishment of a “soil environment” that is unsuitable for PPNs. Our compilation of recent papers reveals that while the scope of research on compost and BCAs is extensive, the role of MGW-based compost (MGWC) in the control of PPNs has been given less attention. We conclude that the most environmentally friendly and long-term, sustainable form of PPN control is to encourage and enhance the soil microbiome. MGW is a valuable resource material produced in significant amounts worldwide. More studies are suggested on the use of MGWC, because it has a considerable potential to create and maintain soil suppressivity against PPNs. To expand knowledge, future research directions shall include trials investigating MGWC, inoculated with BCAs.

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Spatial and spatiotemporal analysis of Meloidogyne hapla and Pratylenchus penetrans populations in commercial potato fields in New York, USA

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-bja10034 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Adrienne M. Gorny ◽

Frank S. Hay ◽

Paul Esker ◽

Sarah J. Pethybridge

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Population Densities ◽

Semivariogram Analysis ◽

Commercial Potato ◽

Plant Parasitic

Summary Meloidogyne hapla and Pratylenchus penetrans are important plant-parasitic nematodes affecting potato in New York and the Northeastern United States, yet little is known of their spatial patterns and spatiotemporal dynamics. Spatial patterns of M. hapla and Pratylenchus spp. were quantified using semivariogram analysis and Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs (SADIE). Nematode populations were assessed within each of three commercial potato fields in 2016 and 2017, with fields sampled on two occasions in-season. Semivariogram analysis and ordinary kriging indicated initial population densities to be spatially dependent over an average range of 110 m for M. hapla and 147 m for Pratylenchus spp. SADIE indicated Pratylenchus spp. to be significantly aggregated in nearly all fields (10 of 12 samplings, to 2.113). Meloidogyne hapla populations were aggregated in only three of 12 samplings ( to 1.738). Spatiotemporal analysis using the association function of SADIE indicated a strong and significant association between initial and final population densities of M. hapla and Pratylenchus spp. within fields. This information is fundamental for the development of enhanced sampling protocols for estimation of plant-parasitic nematodes and evaluating the feasibility of site-specific nematicide application in New York potato fields.

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