Diversity and incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Morocco and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties

Summary Saffron (Crocus sativus) fields in Morocco’s Taliouine and Taznakht regions were surveyed between January and April 2018 to study the diversity and incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes and assess the effects of soil physicochemical properties on the nematodes. Fourteen nematode genera were identified in soil and root samples collected from 66 saffron fields. The most common plant-parasitic nematodes in the Taliouine region were Pratylenchus spp. and Helicotylenchus spp. In the Taznakht region, the most common nematodes were Pratylenchus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp. and Ditylenchus dipsaci. Nematodes, particularly Pratylenchus spp. and Ditylenchus spp., were abundant and frequent throughout the region. Several nematode genera were significantly associated with soil texture and mineral content, indicating that soil properties play an important role in plant-parasitic nematode communities. This description of plant-parasitic nematode assemblages associated with saffron fields in Morocco and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties provides a starting point from which appropriate nematode management strategies can be implemented.

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Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Relationships of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Turfgrasses in North Carolina and South Carolina, United States

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-10-14-1060-re ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (7) ◽

pp. 982-993 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yongsan Zeng ◽

Weimin Ye ◽

James Kerns ◽

Lane Tredway ◽

Samuel Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

South Carolina ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic

The near-full-length 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene and internal transcribed spacer 1 region were amplified and sequenced from 52 nematode populations belonging to 28 representative species in 13 families recovered from turfgrasses in North Carolina (38 populations) and South Carolina (14 populations). This study also included 13 nematode populations from eight other plant hosts from North Carolina for comparison. Nematodes were molecularly characterized and the phylogenetic relationships were explored based on 18S rDNA sequences. Phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference was performed using five groups of the plant-parasitic nematode populations Tylenchids, Criconematids, Longidorids, Xiphinematids, and Trichodorids. The 65 nematode populations were clustered correspondingly within appropriate positions of 13 families, including Belonolaimidae, Caloosiidae, Criconematidae, Dolichodoridae, Hemicycliophoridae, Hoplolaimidae, Heteroderidae, Longidoridae, Meloidogynidae, Paratylenchidae, Pratylenchidae, Telotylenchidae, and Trichodoridae. This study confirms previous morphological-based identification of the plant-parasitic nematode species found in turfgrasses and provides a framework for future studies of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses based upon DNA sequences and phylogenetic relationships.

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Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Thyme Oil to Suppress Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on English Boxwood

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-90-0471 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 90 (4) ◽

pp. 471-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Enrique E. Pérez ◽

Edwin E. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Thyme Oil ◽

Plant Parasitic

A 2-year experiment was conducted to test suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes on English boxwood using entomopathogenic nematodes and 3.5% thyme oil formulated as Promax. Treatments were Steinernema riobrave formulated as BioVector and S. feltiae formulated as Nemasys, both applied at a rate of 2.5 billion infective juveniles/ha, thyme oil at rate of 9.3 liters/ha, and nontreated control. In the 2001 season, treatment with S. feltiae reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of Tylenchorhynchus sp. 7 days after treatment and Hoplolaimus sp. 30 and 60 days after treatment. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode species at all sampling dates, with the exception of Mesocriconema sp. 30 days after treatment and Tylenchorhynchus sp. and Rotylenchus buxophilus 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode genera at all sampling dates except Tylenchorhynchus sp. and R. buxophilus 60 days after treatment. In the 2002 season, treatment with S. feltiae had no effect on nematode population growth. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of R. buxophilus 7 days after treatment, and all plant-parasitic nematodes 30 and 60 days after treatment except Hoplolaimus sp. 30 days after treatment and Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth at all sampling dates of plant-parasitic nematodes except Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment.

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Description of two new Ogma Southern, 1914 species (Nemata: Criconematoidea) with a list of plant-parasitic nematode species from Natal

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v35i1.385 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Esther Van den Berg

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Tail Tip ◽

Plant Parasitic

Two new O^nia Southern, 1914 species are described and figured from Giant's Castle Nature Reserve, Kamberg Nature Reserve and the Royal Natal National Park. O^ma naomiae spec. nov. females are characterised by having 10 to 12 longitudinal rows of scales on 63 to 69 retrorse body annuli; scales haphazardly arranged on first nine to 10 annuli; scales mostly with two projections, becoming longer toward tail end; all scales with minute protuberances on outer edges; lip region with one annulus with a greater diameter than first body annulus. Juveniles with 14 to 16 longitudinal rows of scales on 73 to 76 retrorse body annuli; each scale bearing five to seven sharply pointed processes; one lip annulus with an equal diameter to first body annulus. O^ma ueckermanni spec. nov. females are characterised by eight longitudinal rows of rounded scales on 60 to 67 body annuli becoming longer toward tail tip where they bear two, three or four-pronged processes; roughly sculptured recessed part of annulus extends to follow the outline of the scale almost forming a pillar between two succeeding scales; one lip annulus with a greater diameter than first body annulus; raised labial area with six pseudolips and no submedian lobes; margin of lip annulus with rounded tooth-like projections; stylet 49,3 to 60,7 ^m long. A list is given of the 16 known plant-parasitic nematodes found in these areas.

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PPNEMA: A Resource of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Multialigned Ribosomal Cistrons

International Journal of Plant Genomics ◽

10.1155/2008/387812 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francesco Rubino ◽

Amalia Voukelatou ◽

Francesca De Luca ◽

Carla De Giorgi ◽

Marcella Attimonelli

Keyword(s):

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Agricultural Pests ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Rna Sequences ◽

Complex Species ◽

Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes are important pests of crop plants worldwide, and also among the most difficult animals to identify. Their identification based on nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) cistron (18S, 28S, and 5.8S RNA genes, and internal transcribed spacers, ITS1 and ITS2) is becoming a popular tool. Sequences from nuclear ribosomal RNA repeats have been used to demonstrate the identity of isolates from various hosts and to unravel the relationships of cryptic and complex species. In addition, the availability of RNA sequences allows study of phylogenetic relationships between nematodes, also for more complete understanding of their biology as agricultural pests. PPNEMA is a plant-parasitic nematode bioinformatic resource. It consists of a database of ribosomal cistron sequences from various species grouped according to nematode genera, and a search system allowing data to be extracted according to both text and pattern searching. PPNEMA offers to the scientific community a preprocessed archive of plant parasitic nematode sequences useful for nematologists. It is a tool to retrieve plant nematode multialigned sequences for phylogenetic studies or to recognize a nematode by comparing its rDNA sequence with the PPNEMA available genus specific multialignments.

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Survey of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Yams in Ogun and Osun States of Nigeria

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/v10045-008-0051-4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 421-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ayodele Adegbite ◽

Jelili Saka ◽

Gideon Agbaje ◽

Felix Osuloye

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Ogun State ◽

Plant Parasitic

Survey of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Yams in Ogun and Osun States of NigeriaA survey was conducted to determine the types, frequency and population of plant parasitic nematodes associated with the soils and roots of Yam (Dioscoreaspecies) in all the Local Government Areas of Ogun and Osun States of Nigeria using random sampling soil and root and pie pan modification of Baerman funnel for plant parasitic nematode extraction. Ten and nine genera of plant parasitic nematodes were encountered both from the soils and root samples from the two States. Plant parasitic nematodes recovered includedScutellonemaspp.,Meloidogynespp.,Pratylenchusspp.,Trichodorusspp.,Helicotylenchusspp.,Radopholusspp.,Longidorusspp.,Xiphinemaspp.,Rotylenchulusspp andAphelenchoidesspecies.Scutellonemaspp.,Meloidogynespp., andPratylenchusspp were most widely distributed with frequency ratings of 70, 65 and 60% respectively in soil samples from Ogun State and in the root samples the three genera predominated with 60, 55 and 45% frequency ratings respectively.Meloidogynespp.,Scutellonemaspp., andPratylenchusspp were most widely distributed with frequency ratings of 65, 45 and 35% respectively in soil samples from Osun State and in the root samples the three genera predominated with 55, 35 and 35% frequency ratings respectively.

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Predatory nematodes as bio-control agent against plant-parasitic nematode-A review

Agricultural Reviews ◽

10.18805/ag.r-1715 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (01) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gitanjali Devi ◽

Jisna George

Keyword(s):

Significant Role ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Control Agent ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Feeding Apparatus ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Taxonomic Categories ◽

Plant Parasitic

Nematodes are highly diversified and most abundant metazoans present in soil. Phytophagous nematodes attack plants cause enormous losses.The predaceous nematodes play a significant role in regulating the population of plant- parasitic nematodes. Based on type of feeding apparatus and mode of feeding, predatory nematode are classified into different taxonomic categories. This review has made an attempt to evaluate the bio-efficacy of predaceous nematodes and their future prospects.

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Isolation of Whole Esophageal Gland Cells from Plant-Parasitic Nematodes for Transcriptome Analyses and Effector Identification

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-05-12-0121-fi ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 31-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Tom R. Maier ◽

Tarek Hewezi ◽

Jiqing Peng ◽

Thomas J. Baum

Keyword(s):

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽

Read Length ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Gland Cells ◽

Esophageal Gland ◽

Nematode Parasitism ◽

Plant Parasitic

Esophageal glands of plant-parasitic nematodes are highly specialized cells whose gene expression products include secreted effector proteins, which govern nematode parasitism of host plants. Therefore, elucidating the transcriptomes of esophageal glands with the goal of identifying nematode effectors is a promising avenue to understanding nematode parasitism and its evolutionary origins as well as to devising nematode control strategies. We have developed a method to separate and isolate individual esophageal gland cells from multiple species of plant-parasitic nematodes while preserving RNA quality. We have used such isolated gland cells for transcriptome analysis via high-throughput DNA sequencing. This method relies on the differential histochemical staining of the gland cells after homogenization of phytonematode tissues. Total RNA was extracted from whole gland cells isolated from eight different plant-parasitic nematode species. To validate this approach, the isolated RNA from three plant-parasitic nematode species—Globodera rostochiensis, Pratylenchus penetrans, and Radopholus similis—was amplified, gel purified, and used for 454 sequencing. We obtained 456,801 total reads with an average read length of 409 bp. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of homologs of previously known nematode effectors in these libraries, thus validating our approach. These data provide compelling evidence that this technical advance can be used to relatively easily and expediently discover effector repertoires of plant-parasitic nematodes.

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Trends in Occurrence, Distribution, and Population Densities of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in the Pacific Northwest of the United States from 2012 to 2016

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-11-18-0077-rs ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 20-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Inga A. Zasada ◽

Megan Kitner ◽

Catherine Wram ◽

Nadine Wade ◽

Russell E. Ingham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

The United States ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Population Densities ◽

The Pacific ◽

Plant Parasitic

The Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States (Idaho, Oregon, and Washington) is a diverse agricultural production area with over 400 different commodities grown in the region. Plant-parasitic nematodes are a constraint to the production of many of these commodities. Soil sample data from 2012 to 2016 were obtained from nematode diagnostic laboratories in the region to assess trends in occurrence, population densities, and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes in the PNW. A total of 38,022 unique data points were analyzed. The number of plant-parasitic nematode samples processed in the PNW by diagnostic laboratories has significantly increased from 2012 to 2016. Fifteen genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were identified by diagnostic laboratories, with 86% of the samples in the PNW containing at least one plant-parasitic nematode genus. These laboratories provide a valuable service to agriculture in the PNW. Additionally, they serve as a rich source of information on plant-parasitic nematode distribution, occurrence, and abundance that, when analyzed, provides an empirical basis upon which to interpret individual grower reports and make management recommendations.

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Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with weeds in subsistence agriculture in South Africa

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854112x632187 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 875-887 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Keikantsemang N. Ntidi ◽

Hendrika Fourie ◽

Alexander H. Mc Donald ◽

Dirk De Waele ◽

Charlotte M.S. Mienie

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Frequency Of Occurrence ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic

Twenty-nine plant-parasitic nematode species belonging to 15 genera, as well as two fungus-feeding nematode genera and one species, were identified from soil and root samples of weeds collected from 67 localities situated in subsistence production regions of South Africa during a survey from 2005-2006. Of these, 16 nematode species from four genera were reported for the first time to infect or to be associated with weeds. The predominant endo- and semi-endoparasites identified both from soil and root samples were Meloidogyne species, Pratylenchus zeae, Helicotylenchus dihystera and Rotylenchus unisexus. Based on PCR technology, three Meloidogyne species, M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica, have been identified in roots of weeds sampled. Thirty weed species representing 26 genera were identified as hosts of Meloidogyne species, while 38 belonging to 35 genera were associated with various other plant-parasitic nematodes. Meloidogyne species were predominant in the roots of Chloris virgata, Cynodon dactylon and Amaranthus hybridus. The frequency of occurrence of Meloidogyne species, H. dihystera and R. unisexus was significantly and positively correlated with localities in terms of % clay and % silt. The same trend was evident for these three taxa in terms of rainfall, while the opposite was observed in terms of their frequency of occurrence and pH. Principal component analysis results substantiated the latter. It also suggested that all four predominant plant-parasitic nematode species tend to occur more frequently at localities where maize was mono-cropped as well as where maize and vegetables were planted in rotation. Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Datura stramonium, Tagetes minuta and Eleusine corocana had the highest frequency of occurrence of weeds sampled. Identification of weeds that maintain plant-parasitic nematodes, particularly Meloidogyne species, suggested that these pathogens can have a negative impact on crop production when not controlled timely and effectively.

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Sedentary Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Alter Auxin Homeostasis via Multiple Strategies

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.668548 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Matthijs Oosterbeek ◽

Jose L. Lozano-Torres ◽

Jaap Bakker ◽

Aska Goverse

Keyword(s):

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Auxin Homeostasis ◽

Multiple Strategies ◽

Highly Active ◽

Plant Parasitic

Sedentary endoparasites such as cyst and root-knot nematodes infect many important food crops and are major agro-economical pests worldwide. These plant-parasitic nematodes exploit endogenous molecular and physiological pathways in the roots of their host to establish unique feeding structures. These structures function as highly active transfer cells and metabolic sinks and are essential for the parasites’ growth and reproduction. Plant hormones like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are a fundamental component in the formation of these feeding complexes. However, their underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms are still elusive despite recent advances in the field. This review presents a comprehensive overview of known functions of various auxins in plant-parasitic nematode infection sites, based on a systematic analysis of current literature. We evaluate multiple aspects involved in auxin homeostasis in plants, including anabolism, catabolism, transport, and signalling. From these analyses, a picture emerges that plant-parasitic nematodes have evolved multiple strategies to manipulate auxin homeostasis to establish a successful parasitic relationship with their host. Additionally, there appears to be a potential role for auxins other than IAA in plant-parasitic nematode infections that might be of interest to be further elucidated.

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