Bursaphelenchus acaloleptae n. sp. sharing tree and beetle carrier hosts with B. luxuriosae Kanzaki & Futai, 2003 in Japan

Summary Bursaphelenchus acaloleptae n. sp. is described and figured based upon its morphological characters and molecular profiles. The new species belongs to the xylophilus-group of the genus and is typologically characterised by its secretory-excretory pore being located slightly posterior to the median bulb, weakly tapering, relatively broad and straight female tail with variously shaped terminus, and rounded male bursal flap with squared terminus. The new species is phylogenetically and biologically closest to B. luxuriosae. These cryptic species share the host (habitat) tree species, Aralia elata (Araliaceae), the same carrier insect species, Acalolepta luxuriosa (Cerambycidae), and a characteristic phoretic adult form. However, the new species is typologically distinguished from all other xylophilus-group species by the combination of the above-mentioned characters and molecular profiles (SSU and LSU molecular barcodes). Further, B. acaloleptae n. sp. can be distinguished from its closest relative, B. luxuriosae, by mating experiments, i.e., these two species did not produce a viable F1 generation in reciprocal crossings, thereby confirming separate species status using the biological species concept.

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A review of morphological variation in Trimeresurus popeiorum (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of two new species

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.727.1.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 727 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

GERNOT VOGEL ◽

PATRICK DAVID ◽

OLIVIER S.G. PAUWELS

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Species Concept ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Biological Species ◽

Type Locality ◽

Biological Species Concept ◽

New Taxon ◽

Widespread Species ◽

Phylogenetic Species Concept ◽

Correct Spelling

Variation in morphological characters were investigated among 136 specimens (128 specimens examined by us and eight specimens described in the literature) from 44 populations of the whole range of the pitviper currently known as Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937. Univariate and mul-tivariate analyses of these morphological characters allowed us to recognize six clusters of populations that are morphologically diagnosable, and that are here considered to represent independent lineages. Five of these clusters are considered to be distinct species following the Biological Species Concept and the Phylogenetic Species Concept. Two of them are described as new. Trimeresurus fucatus spec. nov. includes populations from southern Thailand and most of West Malaysia. Trimeresurus nebularis spec. nov. is described for populations from Cameron Highlands of West Malaysia. A population from Toba Massif, northern Sumatra, is referred to this complex, but cannot be assigned to a species at the present time. Trimeresurus popeiorum sabahi is raised to specific status, Trimeresurus sabahi new comb., to accommodate the populations from Borneo, whereas Trimeresurus barati new comb. includes the populations from western Sumatra and the Mentawai Archipelago. Separate keys to the two sexes of the recognised species of the T. popeiorum complex are provided.KEY WORDS: Thailand, West Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Serpentes, Viperidae, Trimeresurus, Trimeresurus popeiorum, Trimeresurus fucatus spec. nov., Trimeresurus nebularis spec. nov., Trimeresurus sabahi, Trimeresurus baratiBefore the paper by Pope & Pope (1933), all green Trimeresurus species were gathered under the name Trimeresurus gramineus (Shaw, 1802). In a first step towards understanding the systematics of the genus, these authors split the nominal taxon gramineus into six species. The specific nomen gramineus was applied to a widespread species, ranging from northeastern India to western Indonesia. Indian populations were referred to a new species described as Trimeresurus occidentalis. Subsequently, Smith (1937) correctly showed that Pope & Pope (1933) misunderstood the type locality of gramineus, and showed that the type locality for T. gramineus was within the range of T. occidentalis. Therefore, Trimeresurus occidentalis Pope & Pope 1933 became a subjective junior synonym of T. gramineus (Shaw, 1802), leaving unnamed the distinct eastern taxon. Smith (1937) named it as Trimeresurus popeiorum. Unfortunately, he failed to designate a type specimen and a type locality for this new taxon. This interpretation was accepted by most subsequent authors except Hoge & Romano Hoge (1981) and Welch (1988). Another issue affecting the specific nomen is its spelling. Smith (1943) corrected the original spelling as popeorum on the basis that it was indeed a clerical error. This spelling was largely accepted, and was the subject of recent controversies. This problem will be addressed in another paper (David & Vogel, submitted). We consider that the correct spelling is indeed popeiorum. Eventually, Taylor & Elbel (1958), regarded as syntypes of Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 all specimens referred by Pope & Pope (1933) to as T. gramineus, and designated the specimen BMNH 72.4.17.137 as the lectotype of the species. Consequently, the type locality was restricted to Khasi Hills, Assam , now in the State of Meghalaya, India.

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Steinernema khuongin. sp. (Panagrolaimomorpha, Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode species from Florida, USA

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x18000081 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 226-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S.P. Stock ◽

R. Campos-Herrera ◽

F.E. El-Borai ◽

L.W. Duncan

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Novel Species ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽

Biological Species ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Biological Species Concept ◽

The Novel ◽

Ecological Data ◽

Cross Hybridization

AbstractIn this study, molecular (ribosomal sequence data), morphological and cross-hybridization properties were used to identify a newSteinernemasp. from Florida, USA. Molecular and morphological data provided evidence for placing the novel species into Clade V, or the ‘glaseri-group’ ofSteinernemaspp. Within this clade, analysis of sequence data of the rDNA genes, 28S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS), depicted the novel species as a distinctive entity and closely related toS. glaseriandS. cubanum.Additionally, cross-hybridization assays showed that the new species is unable to interbreed with either of the latter two species, reinforcing its uniqueness from a biological species concept standpoint. Key morphological diagnostic characters forS. khuongin. sp. include the mean morphometric features of the third-stage infective juveniles: total body length (average: 1066 μm), tail length (average: 65 μm), location of the excretory pore (average: 80.5 μm) and the values ofc(average: 16.4),D% (average: 60.5),E% (average: 126) andH% (average: 46.6). Additionally, males can be differentiated fromS. glaseriandS. cubanumby the values of several ratios:D% (average: 68),E% (average: 323) and SW% (average: 120). The natural distribution of this species in Florida encompasses both natural areas and citrus groves, primarily in shallow groundwater ecoregions designated as ‘flatwoods’. The morphological, molecular, phylogenetic and ecological data associated with this nematode support its identity as a new species in theS. glaseri-group.

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Choke Disease Caused by Epichloë bromicola in the Grass Agropyron repens in Poland

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-12-09-0810 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (11) ◽

pp. 1372-1372 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. Lembicz ◽

K. Górzyńska ◽

A. Leuchtmann

Keyword(s):

Sequence Similarity ◽

Original Description ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Biological Species ◽

Biological Species Concept ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Couch Grass ◽

Definition Of ◽

Choke Disease ◽

Agropyron Repens

Agropyron repens (synonym Elymus repens, couch grass) is a species native to Europe and Asia. In Poland, it is a common weed of crop fields. In May 2008, we noticed for the first time symptoms of choke disease (caused by Epichloë spp.) on A. repens at two localities in central Poland. The localities, Pakość (52°47.531′N, 18°06.118′E) and Dulsk (52°45.329′N, 18°20.518′E), are located 16 km apart from each other. The following year, we confirmed the occurrence of choke disease on couch grass at these localities. Stromata were formed on reproductive stems that did not produce inflorescences. They ranged from 16 to 31 mm long and were covered with perithecia 520 to 560 × 160 to 250 μm at a density of 35 to 45 per mm2. Asci measured 270 to 310 × 5.2 to 6.5 μm and ascospores were 225 to 275 × 1.5 to 1.7 μm (specimen deposited in ZT). Morphological characters match with the original description of Epichloë bromicola (4). One strain was isolated from stromatal tissue and the partial DNA sequence of tubB including introns 1 to 3 was obtained as previously described (2). In a phylogenetic analysis, the isolate (GenBank Accession No. GU325782) grouped with Epichloë isolates from other Agropyron spp. from Poland (A. intermedium) and Japan (A. ciliare and A. tsukushiense) and with an isolate from a Roegneria sp. (from China). Experimental mating tests involving isolates from A. intermedium and a Roegneria sp. indicated that these isolates were sexually compatible with Epichloë bromicola from Bromus erectus. Similarly, E. yangsii was compatible with E. bromicola. This suggests that Epichloë isolates from Agropyron, Roegneria, and Bromus hosts form a common mating population, and implies that under a biological species concept the phylogenetic definition of E. bromicola has to be broadened. Epichloë on A. repens has been previously found in Poland (1), Germany (3), Hungary, and Romania (specimen deposited in herbarium of ETH Zurich, ZT) based on incidental records or on herbarium specimens that have been listed under E. typhina. Our study, based on morphology, tubB sequence similarity, and mating compatibility, suggests that the fungus infecting A. repens in Poland is E. bromicola. References: (1) I. Adamska. Acta Mycol. 36:31, 2001. (2) D. Brem and A. Leuchtmann. Evolution 57:37, 2003. (3) J. Kohlmeyer and E. Kohlmeyer. Mycologia 66:77, 1974. (4) A. Leuchtmann and C. L. Schardl. Mycol. Res. 102:1169, 1998.

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The genus Ceratocystis in Ontario

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b68-094 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 689-718 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

H. D. Griffin

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Ips Pini ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Distribution Data ◽

Preliminary Survey ◽

Type Specimens ◽

Separate Species

From Ontario hardwoods and conifers, 234 collections were examined for Ceratocystis and associated stains and vectors. Most previously described species, including many type specimens, were also studied.Among morphological characters used to separate species of Ceratocystis, those of the ascospores are the most reliable and are stressed in this study. Three-dimensional examination of ascospores, particularly in species possessing spores with sheaths, is necessary to determine spore shape accurately. Four ascospore sheath types are recognized: uniform, hat-shaped, double-brimmed, and quadrangular.A preliminary survey indicates that the bark-beetles Ips pini (Say) and Orthotomicus caelatus (Eich.) may be principal vectors for several Ceratocystis spp. on Ontario conifers.Based mainly on ascospore characters, a key to 60 species of Ceratocystis is provided. The species C. galeiformis Bakshi, C. obscura (Davids.) Hunt, C. polonica (Siem.) Hunt, and C. serpens (Goid.) C. Moreau are excluded. It is proposed that C. ambrosia Bakshi, C. capillifera (Hedgc.) C. Moreau, C. pluriannulata (Hedgc.) C. Moreau, and C. schrenkiana (Hedge.) C. Moreau be considered synonyms of C. pilifera (Fr.) C. Moreau and that C. vesca Davids. be treated as a synonym of C. olivacea (Math.) Hunt. The following species, described since Hunt's key was published, are included: C. bicolor (Davids, and Wells) Davids., C. brevicollis Davids., C. brunnea Davids., C. brunneocrinita Wright and Cain, C. dryocoetidis Kendrick and Molnar, C. europhioides Wright and Cain, C. falcata Wright and Cain, C. huntii Robinson, C. megalobrunnea Davids, and Toole, C. nigra Davids., C. perfecta Davids., C. tremuloaurea Davids, and Hinds, C. truncicola (Davids.) Griffin comb. nov. Eleven new species are described in this paper.Descriptions, figures, and distribution data are provided for most of the 32 species of Ceratocystis encountered in Ontario. The following previously described species were collected: C. bicolor (Davids. and Wells) Davids., C. brunneocrinita Wright and Cain, C. coerulescens (Munch) Bakshi, C. europhioides Wright and Cain, C.fimbriata Ell. and Halst., C. huntii Robinson, C. ips (Rumb.) C. Moreau, C. major (Van Beyma) C. Moreau, C. minor (Hedgc.) Hunt, C. minuta (Siem.) Hunt, C. nigra Davids., C. olivacea (Math.) Hunt, C. perparvispora Hunt, C. piceae (Munch) Bakshi, C. pilifera (Fr.) C. Moreau, C. sagmatospora Wright and Cain, C. stenoceras (Robak) C. Moreau, C. tenella Davids., C. tetropii (Math.) Hunt, C. truncicola (Davids.) Griffin comb, nov., and C. ulmi (Buism.) C. Moreau.The following new species are described by the author: C. acericola, C. allantospora, C. angusticollis, C. capitata, C. crassivaginata, C. dolominuta, C. magnifica, C. ochracea, C. pallida, C. spinulosa, and C. stenospora.

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Revision of Molopsis Schatzmayr (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini), with descriptions of four new species

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3185.1.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3185 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

ROMAN LOHAJ ◽

BORISLAV GUÉORGUIEV ◽

GÉRARD DUBAULT ◽

BERNARD LASSALLE

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Female Genitalia ◽

Type Material ◽

Separate Species ◽

Male And Female ◽

First Time

The species belonging to the subgenus Molopsis Schatzmayr, 1943 of genus Tapinopterus Schaum, 1858 are revised. Thestudy is based on 372 specimens and includes, for each taxon, diagnosis, description (only for the new species), references,new distributional records and illustrations. Morphological characters of the male and female genitalia are widely used todelimit the separate species, the significance of some non-gonapophyseal genital structures of the females for the system-atics of Molopsis is explicitly emphasized. For the first time, the male genitalia of T. molopiformis, T. molopinus, T. wie-demanni, and T. rebellis, including also newly described species, as well as female genitalia of Molopsis are described andillustrated. All available type material is listed and represented by habitus photographs.As a result, 9 monotypic species of Molopsis are recognized. Tapinopterus rebellis (Chaudoir, 1868) and T. rebelliskumanensis (Reitter, 1884), formerly assigned to Molopsis are recognized as outgroup-taxa. The following new speciesare described: T. (Molopsis) aenigmaticus sp.nov. (Asian Turkey, „Armenia“ imprecise locality), T. (Molopsis) chaudoirisp.nov. (Asian Turkey, Bursa Villayet, Uludağ Mt., Sakarya (Adapazari) Villayet, Gökdağ Mt.), T. (Molopsis) oyukluensissp.nov. (Asian Turkey, Konya Villayet, Fasihan Pass), and T. (Molopsis) relegatus sp.nov. (Asian Turkey, Bolu Villayet,Mengen env., Dorukhan Pass). The following nomenclatural acts are also proposed: Tapinopterus (Molopsis) molopinus (Chaudoir, 1868) = Tapinopterus (Molopsis) dipojranus brussanus Straneo, 1984, syn.nov.; Tapinopterus (Molopsis)

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Species and speciation.

10.1079/9781789249514.0004 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 7-8

Author(s):

Richard A. I. Drew ◽

Meredith C. Romig

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Natural Selection ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Species Concept ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Biological Species ◽

Biological Species Concept ◽

Similar Species ◽

Host Fruit ◽

Morphological Species

Abstract This chapter discusses two species models, which are diametrically opposed. The first, often called the 'biological species concept', defines species in terms of 'reproductive isolation', convinced that species arise when subsets of a population are split off and remain geographically isolated over evolutionary time. If and when such new species are reunited with their founder population, interbreeding does not occur, or if it does, infertile progeny result. Hence, from the biological species concept, natural selection is a primary agent of change and directly selects for new species. In this sense, species are the direct products of natural selection and they are therefore 'adaptive devices'. When applying this species concept, it has been impossible to separate some sibling species of fruit flies in the genus Bactrocera where distinct morphological species can be similar in molecular analyses of certain DNA sequences, while similar species morphologically are distinct in the same molecular characters. A radically different model, the 'recognition concept of species', relies heavily on a knowledge of species ecology and behaviour, particularly in their natural habitat. The principal points in this concept are given. In contrast to the now-outdated biological species concept that leads one to depend on laboratory-based research to define species, the recognition concept requires workers to undertake extensive field research in the habitat of the taxon under investigation. In translating this approach to research in the insect family Tephritidae, particularly the Dacinae, some 35 years of field surveys have been undertaken throughout the Indian subcontinent, South-east Asia and the South Pacific region. These surveys included trapping using male lure traps and host fruit collections of commercial/edible fruits. The results of this work have included the provision of specimens of almost all known species for morphological descriptions (c.800 species), material for male pheromone chemistry, and data on host fruit relationships and biogeographical studies.

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A revision of the Trimeresurus puniceus-complex (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) based on morphological and molecular data

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1293.1.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1293 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

PATRICK DAVID ◽

GERNOT VOGEL ◽

S. P. VIJAYAKUMAR ◽

NICOLAS VIDAL

Keyword(s):

Species Concept ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Biological Species ◽

Valid Species ◽

Biological Species Concept ◽

Phylogenetic Species Concept ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

A New Species

The brown Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus related to Trimeresurus puniceus (informal Trimeresurus puniceus-complex) are revised on the basis of morphological and molecular analyses. Variation in morphological characters were investigated among 119 specimens from 62 populations of the whole range of the pitvipers currently known as Trimeresurus puniceus (Boie, 1827), Trimeresurus borneensis (Peters, 1872) and Trimeresurus brongersmai Hoge, 1969. Molecular and morphological analyses clearly differentiate two groups of taxa, referrable to the informal Trimeresurus puniceus-group and Trimeresurus borneensis-group, and confirm the distinct specific status of T. puniceus and T. borneensis. Morphological univariate and multivariate analyses differentiate six clusters of populations that are morphologically diagnosable, of which five are here considered to represent independent lineages and one is placed incertae sedis pending the availability of further specimens. These clusters are considered to be distinct species following the Biological Species Concept and the Phylogenetic Species Concept. One of them is described as a new species, Trimeresurus andalasensis spec. nov. (T. borneensis-group), which includes populations from northern Sumatra. Trimeresurus wiroti Trutnau, 1981 is revalidated to accommodate populations from Thailand and West Malaysia. Trimeresurus borneensis is here considered endemic to Borneo. Trimeresurus puniceus is known from Java and from South Sumatra, but the taxonomy of this species in Sumatra is left unresolved. Also left unresolved is the taxonomic position of specimens from western Sumatra and the Mentawai Archipelago, and from the Natuna Islands and Anamba Islands. Although belonging to the T. puniceus-group, they show some differences to other specimens of the group. They are not referred to any taxon pending the collection of additional specimens. Lastly, Trimeresurus brongersmai is confirmed as a valid species from the Mentawai Archipelago. A key to these taxa is provided.

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A new species of manakin (Aves: Pipridae; Machaeropterus) from Peru with a taxonomic reassessment of the Striped Manakin (M. regulus) complex

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4320.2.11 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4320 (2) ◽

pp. 379 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

DANIEL F. LANE ◽

ANDREW W. KRATTER ◽

JOHN P. O’NEILL

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

South America ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Biological Species ◽

New Taxon ◽

Colombian Andes ◽

New Form ◽

San Martín ◽

A New Species

We describe a new taxon of manakin in the Machaeropterus regulus complex, from the foothills of southwestern Loreto and northern San Martín departments, Peru. This new form appears to be almost identical morphologically to the Tepui form M. regulus aureopectus but differs strongly from that and all other members of the M. regulus complex in voice. Therefore, we conclude that this population represents a new biological species that we here name Machaeropterus eckelberryi. Based on voice and some morphological characters, we concur with several previous authors (e.g., Whittaker & Oren 1999; Snow 2004; Ridgely & Tudor 2009) that nominate M. regulus (Eastern Striped Manakin), of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, should be separated as a biological species from the polytypic Machaeropterus striolatus of western South America (Western Striped Manakin), including M. s. striolatus of Amazonia, M. r. obscurostriatus and M. r. zulianus of the Venezuelan Andes, M. r. antioquiae of the Colombian Andes, and M. r. aureopectus of the tepuis region.

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Rare interspecific breeding in Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.217.2.4 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 217 (2) ◽

pp. 145 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alberto Amato ◽

Luisa Orsini

Keyword(s):

Species Concept ◽

Parental Species ◽

Biological Species ◽

Biological Species Concept ◽

Morphometric Features ◽

Maximum Cell ◽

The One ◽

Sexual Crosses ◽

Interspecific Breeding ◽

F1 Generation

The biological species concept defines species based on sexual incompatibility between strains and the F1 sub-viability or inviability. However, to date, there is only a limited number of studies that formally deal with sexual incompatibility in unicellular protists and hence the rigorous application of biological species concept is fuzzy in these organisms. Here, we investigated interbreeding between two species of the planktonic pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia, P. arenysensis and P. pseudodelicatissima. We observed hybridization between these two species in controlled laboratory condition. The F1 generation showed: i) low viability; ii) morphological, ultrastructural, and morphometric features that resembled those of one of the parental strains (P. pseudodelicatissima); iii) intermediate maximum cell size to the one observed in intraspecific sexual crosses in the parental species. Our results may suggest that interbreeding between these two species is possible although likely rare. We invite a larger body of experimental evidence in unicellular protists to assess the applicability of the biological species concept to these organisms.

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Variation of plumage patterns, geographic distribution and taxonomy of the Unicolored Blackbird (Aves: Icteridae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4221.4.2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4221 (4) ◽

pp. 431

Author(s):

LEONARDO ESTEVES LOPES

Keyword(s):

Species Concept ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Biological Species ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Biological Species Concept ◽

São Paulo ◽

Phylogenetic Species Concept ◽

Marsh Bird

The Unicolored Blackbird Agelasticus cyanopus (Vieillot, 1819) is a marsh bird with four allopatric subspecies restricted to lowlands in South America east of the Andes. I conducted a taxonomic revision of the species based on analysis of external morphological characters of 288 study skins, including all types available. My revision shows that: 1) Leistes unicolor Swainson, 1838, is a senior synonym of A. c. xenicus (Parkes, 1966) and, therefore, the correct name of the taxon should be A. c. unicolor (Swainson, 1838); 2) the range of A. c. unicolor (Swainson, 1838) is much wider than previously thought, extending from the mouth of the Rio Amazonas to the state of São Paulo, in southeastern Brazil, where it intergrades with A. c. atroolivaceus (zu Wied-Neuwied, 1831); 3) A. c. atroolivaceus extends its range well beyond the coast of Rio de Janeiro, reaching the coast of São Paulo, the central part of Minas Gerais, Bahia and Espírito Santo; and 4) specimens attributed to A. c. beniensis are highly variable, so this name must be considered a subjective junior synonym of the nominotypical taxon. Under the Biological Species Concept, two broadly parapatric species should be recognized, A. cyanopus and A. atroolivaceus (including unicolor as a subspecies). Under the Phylogenetic Species Concept or the General Lineage Concept of Species, the best taxonomic treatment is to recognize three species: A. cyanopus, A. atroolivaceus, and A. unicolor.

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