Heterodera amaranthusiae n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), a new cyst nematode parasitising Amaranthus retroflexus L. in China

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ru Jiang ◽  
Xianqi Hu ◽  
Yunqing Li ◽  
Yong Bian ◽  
Liqiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Its Region ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
C Subunit ◽  
Group Species

Summary A new species of cyst-forming nematode, Heterodera amaranthusiae n. sp., is described and illustrated from the weed, Amaranthus retroflexus, in a potato field in Yunnan Province, China. It is characterised by having canary to russet-brown and asymmetric lemon-shaped cyst, distinct neck, bifenestrate vulval cone, relatively short vulval slit of 29 (28-32) μm, bullae absent and underbridge absent or weak if present. Second-stage juveniles are characterised by a well-developed stylet of 23 (22-25) μm with robust shaft and basal knobs concave anteriorly, tail conoid, 51 (48-58) μm long and hyaline region comprising 48 (41-53)% of its length. Morphologically and morphometrically it most resembles H. vallicola in the Humuli group. The ITS, 28S and COI gene sequences of H. amaranthusiae n. sp. clearly differentiate it from other Heterodera species. For diagnostic purposes, restriction enzyme analysis of the ITS region and three restriction enzymes, AluI, BsuRI (HaeIII) and CfoI (HhaI), were selected, clearly distinguishing H. amaranthusiae n. sp. from representative species in the Humuli group. Phylogenetic relationships with other species of the genus, inferred from two ribosomal regions and the cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 region, based on Bayesian analysis, consistently showed that H. amaranthusiae n. sp. clustered with high support with other Humuli group species but with separate species status.

Characterisation of cereal cyst nematodes in Egypt based on morphometrics, RFLP and rDNA-ITS sequence analyses

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Baklawa ◽  
Björn Niere ◽  
Holger Heuer ◽  
Samia Massoud
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Production Areas

Morphological and molecular diversity among populations of cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) from wheat production areas in Ismailia province, Egypt, was investigated using light microscopy, ITS-RFLP and sequencing of the rDNA-ITS. CCN were found in five out of seven regions in Ismailia, the highest incidence being found in El Shark (West Sinai). The Egyptian populations were identified as H. avenae according to morphometrics of cyst vulval cone and second-stage juveniles. No differences in ITS-RFLP patterns generated by 17 restriction enzymes were detected among the Egyptian populations although the Egyptian populations could be distinguished from German populations of H. avenae and H. filipjevi. The analyses of ITS region sequences confirmed the species identification of the Egyptian populations as they clustered with H. avenae populations from Iran, Saudi Arabia, India, Israel and China.

Genome Variation among Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Derived from Epidemiologically Related Raw Milk and Other Strains

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 998-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKINOBU SAITO ◽  
RYO HONDO
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Enzyme Patterns

Listeria monocytogenes strains were examined by restriction-enzyme analysis of chromosomal DNA using a total of 18 restriction enzymes. Ten of the 6-base restriction enzymes and one 8-base restriction enzyme produced distinguishable fragments among these strains. Six strains (serotype 1/2a) recovered from raw milk suspected of the same contaminant were compared with seven epidemiologically unrelated strains (serotype 1/2a) using 10 of the 6-base restriction enzymes. The restriction enzyme patterns of the six raw milk isolates were identical to each other, but differed from those of the other strains. Restriction-enzyme analysis of the chromosomal DNA of L. monocytogenes by using the 6-base restriction enzymes may be a useful method of epidemiological analysis for listeriosis outbreaks.

scholarly journals Biochemical and molecular characterization ofSalmonella entericaserovarberta, and comparison of methods for typing

1992 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Olsen ◽  
D. J. Brown ◽  
D. L. Baggesen ◽  
M. Bisgaard
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Outbreak Investigations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Plasmid Profiling

SUMMARYStrains ofSalmonella entericaserovarberta(S. berta) from Denmark and seven other countries have been characterized with the aim of developing a rational typing strategy in connection with outbreak investigations.Biotyping divided the strains into H2S-positive (90%) and H2S-negative (10%) biovars. Six percent of the strains were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. Eighty-eight percent of the strains carried plasmids and 52 different plasmid profiles were recognized. Six of the common plasmid sizes in these profiles were shown by restriction enzyme analyses to contain more than one plasmid species. More than 90% of the strains had the same ribotype with the restriction enzymesSmaI andEcoR I and the same whole cell protein profile. Outer membrane protein profiles and isoenzyme profiles were identical in allS. bertaanalysed.Plasmid profiling in combination with restriction enzyme analysis of plasmids seemed to be the most rational typing strategy forS. berta. The results indicated thatS. bertastrains regardless of geographical source or host are possibly clonal in nature.

Variation in natural populations of Drosophila as revealed by four-cutter analysis

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 784-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Aguadé
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Site ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Molecular Variation ◽  
Deletion Polymorphism ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Chromosome Arrangements

Four-cutter restriction enzyme analysis, a recently developed electroblotting technique, enables the survey of restriction site and insertion–deletion polymorphism in natural populations at a fine level of resolution. Using this technique, the distribution of polymorphism among geographically isolated populations of Drosophila melanogaster and in different structural–functional domains of the genome has been studied. A summary of these results is presented and discussed. Recent investigations of molecular variation within and between different chromosome arrangements in Drosophila are presented. Levels of variation in different regions of the X chromosome of D. melanogaster are also discussed.Key words: populations, DNA polymorphisms, Drosophila, restriction enzymes.

Use of Restriction Enzymes to Investigate the Source of a Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection in a Pediatric Nurse

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-716
Author(s):  
M. D. Yow ◽  
A. D. Lakeman ◽  
S. Stagno ◽  
R. B. Reynolds ◽  
F. J. Plavidal
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Pediatric Nurse ◽  
Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection

The risk of transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection from congenitally infected infants to nonimmune medical attendants is unknown. The case of a CMV-seronegative, pregnant nurse who seroconverted after caring for an infant with symptomatic CMV infection is reported. She elected to be aborted and the fetal tissue contained CMV. Isolates from the nurse, the fetal tissue, and the infant to whom the nurse was exposed were examined for genetic relatedness by restriction enzyme analysis. As expected, the isolates from the nurse and the fetal tissue were identical. However, the virus isolated from the symptomatic infant was different from the strain infecting the nurse. These data indicate that the nurse acquired her infection from a source other than the index infant, either within the hospital or within the community.

scholarly journals A molecular characterization ofClostridium difficileisolates from humans, animals and their environments

1993 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O'Neill ◽  
J. E. Adams ◽  
R. A. Bowman ◽  
T. V. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Direct Transmission ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Enhanced Chemiluminescence ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Rflp Typing

SummaryIt is generally accepted that most patients withClostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea acquire the organism from the environment. Recently we demonstrated that household pets may constitute a significant reservoir ofC. difficilethrough gastrointestinal carriage in up to 39% of cats and dogs. These findings suggested that direct transmission from household pets, or contamination of the environment by them, may be a factor in the pathogenesis ofC. difficile-associated diarrhoea. To investigate this possibility, we examined isolates ofC. difficilefrom humans, pets and the environment by restriction enzyme analysis (REA) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing using enhanced chemiluminescence. Both REA and RFLP typing methods usedHindIII digests of chromosomal DNA. A total of 116 isolates ofC. difficilefrom pets (26), veterinary clinic environmental sites (33), humans (37) and hospital environmental sites (20) was examined. REA was far more discriminatory than RFLP typing and for all isolates there were 34 REA types versus 6 RFLP types. There was good correlation between the REA types found in isolates from pets and from the veterinary clinic environment, and between isolates from humans and from those found in the hospital environment. There was, however, no correlation between REA type ofC. difficilefound in pets and isolates of human origin. We conclude that there may still be a risk of humans acquiringC. difficilefrom domestic pets as these findings may be the result of geographical variation.

scholarly journals Specific Detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae in Anthurium (Anthurium andreanum) Tissues by Nested PCR

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 1072-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Robène-Soustrade ◽  
Philippe Laurent ◽  
Lionel Gagnevin ◽  
Emmanuel Jouen ◽  
Olivier Pruvost
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Amplification Product ◽  
Xanthomonas Axonopodis ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Pcr Test

ABSTRACT Efficient control of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae, the causal agent of anthurium bacterial blight, requires a sensitive and reliable diagnostic tool. A nested PCR test was developed from a sequence-characterized amplified region marker identified by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR for the detection of X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae. Serological and pathogenicity tests were performed concurrently with the nested PCR test with a large collection of X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae strains that were isolated worldwide and are pathogenic to anthurium and/or other aroids. The internal primer pair directed amplification of the expected product (785 bp) for all 70 X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae strains pathogenic to anthurium tested and for isolates originating from syngonium and not pathogenic to anthurium. This finding is consistent with previous studies which indicated that there is a high level of relatedness between strains from anthurium and strains from syngonium. Strains originating from the two host genera can be distinguished by restriction analysis of the amplification product. No amplification product was obtained with 98 strains of unrelated phytopathogenic bacteria or saprophytic bacteria from the anthurium phyllosphere, except for a weak signal obtained for one X. axonopodis pv. allii strain. Nevertheless, restriction enzyme analysis permitted the two pathovars to be distinguished. The detection threshold obtained with pure cultures or plant extracts (103 CFU ml−1) allowed detection of the pathogen from symptomless contaminated plants. This test could be a useful diagnostic tool for screening propagation stock plant material and for monitoring international movement of X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae.

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