scholarly journals Let Praise of Aššur Not Be Forgotten: Temple Heterarchies and the Limits of Royal Patronage in the Neo-Assyrian Empire

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-129
Author(s):  
Shana Zaia
Keyword(s):  
Royal Patronage ◽  
Official Sources

Abstract Understanding how the numerous temples in the Neo-Assyrian Empire situated themselves within the imperial network is challenging, largely because of a bias in the official sources towards a few temples, especially that of Aššur. Revealing the relationships between the less-attested temples necessitates not only moving beyond the top of the hierarchy but also doing away with hierarchies almost entirely, as they both limit the possible connections and are impossible to build for the majority of known temples. Because there are myriad ways of organizing temples relative to one another, this paper proposes heterarchies as a more effective framework for understanding the changing dynamics of cultic landscapes. This study uses royal patronage (or its absence) as its barometer, establishing a typology that ranges from temples operating entirely independently of imperial support to those that actively seek it, and demonstrating how heterarchies can expose different perspectives of power, status, and affinities amongst institutions. Ultimately, a heterarchical approach shows that the relationships established by royal patronage were not straightforward, homogenous, or stable, and that the ways in which temple and state interacted with one another affected both “vertical” and “horizontal” positioning of temples within the cultic landscape of the empire.

TOURISM MOBILITY AT THE SUMMER OLYMPIC GAMES RIO 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Cabral ◽  
Carolin Lusby ◽  
Ricardo Uvinha
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Sports Tourism as a segment is growing exponentially in Brazil. The sports mega-events that occurred in the period from 2007 to 2016 helped strengthen this sector significantly. This article examined tourism mobility during the Summer Olympic Games Rio 2016, hosted by the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This study expands the understanding of the relationship between tourism and city infrastructure, therefore being relevant to academics, professionals of the area and to the whole society due to its multidisciplinary field. The existence of a relationship between means of transportation and the Olympic regions as well as tourist attractions for a possible legacy was observed. Data were collected from official sources, field research and through participant-observation and semi structured interviews. Data were coded and analyzed. The results indicate that the city was overall successful in its execution of sufficient mobility. New means of transportation were added and others updated. BRT's (Bus Rapid Transit) were the main use of mass transport to Olympic sites. However, a lack of public transport access was observed for the touristic sites.

Social media bots as active disseminators of COVID-19 news (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Rawi ◽  
Vishal Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Breaking News ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Credible Information ◽  
Mixed Approach ◽  
Standard Terms ◽  
Official Sources

BACKGROUND In this study, we examined the activities of automated social media accounts or bots that tweet or retweet referencing #COVID-19 and #COVID19. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to identify bot accounts to understand the nature of messages sent by them on COVID-19. Social media bots have been widely discussed in academic literature as some kind of moral panic mostly in relation to spreading controversial and politically polarized messages or in connection to problematic health bots (Broniatowski et al., 2018; Allem & Ferrara, 2018). The findings of this study, however, show that bots that reference COVID-19 mostly mention mainstream media and credible health sources while spreading breaking news on the pandemic or urging people to stay at home. These results align with previous research on the possible benefits, advantages, or possibilities afforded by the use of health chatbots (Brandtzaeg & Følstad, 2018; Skjuve & Brandtzæg, 2018; Kretzschmar et al., 2019; Greer et al., 2019). METHODS We used a mixed approach mostly comprised of several digital methods in this study. First, we collected 50,811,299 tweets and retweets referencing #COVID-19 and #COVID19 for a period of over two months from February 12 until April 18, 2020. We focused on these two hashtags because they are standard terms used by WHO and other official sources. From a total sample of over 50 million tweets, we used a mixed method to extract more than 185,000 messages posted by 127 bots. RESULTS Unlike the literature on health bots that associate them with anti-social activities, our findings show that the majority of these bots tweet, retweet and mention mainstream media outlets and credible official sources, promote health protection and telemedicine, and disseminate breaking news on the number of casualties and deaths caused by COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Despite that some literature on social media bots highlight the controversial and anti-social nature of automated accounts, the findings of this study show that the majority of bots spread news on and awareness of COVID-19 risks while citing and referencing mainstream media outlets and credible health sources. We argue that there might be financial incentives behind designing some of these bots. However and if monitored and updated with credible information by health agencies themselves, we believe that bots can be useful during health crises due to their efficiency and speed in spreading valuable information, some of which is crucial for public health. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

Culture and Commerce

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukti Khaire
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Royal Patronage ◽  
Commerce Building ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Necessary Evil ◽  
The Relationship

This book describes how commercial ventures in creative industries have cultural impact. Since royal patronage of arts ended, firms in the creative industries, working within the market mechanism, have been responsible for the production and distribution of the cultural goods—art, books, films, fashion, and music—that enrich our lives. This book counters the popular perception that this marriage of art and business is a necessary evil, proposing instead that entrepreneurs who introduce radically new cultural works to the market must bring about a change in society’s beliefs about what is appropriate and valuable to encourage consumption of these goods. In so doing, these pioneer entrepreneurs change minds, not just lives; the seeds of cultural change are embedded in the world of commerce. Building on theories of value construction and cultural production, integrated with field research on pioneer firms (like Chanel and the Sundance Institute) and new market categories (like modern art and high fashion in India), the author develops conceptual frameworks that explain the structure and functioning of creative industries. Through a systematic exposition of the roles and functions of the players in this space—creators, producers, and intermediaries—the book proposes a new way to understand the relationship among markets, entrepreneurship, and culture. Khaire also discusses challenges inherent in being entrepreneurial in the creative industries, paying special attention to the implications of digitalization and globalization, and suggests prescriptive directions for individuals and firms wishing to balance pecuniary motivations with cultural convictions in this rapidly changing world.

Class, Patronage, and Poetry in Hanoverian England

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Batt
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Public Identity ◽  
Royal Patronage ◽  
Agricultural Labourer ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Stephen Duck

This book explores the complex and contested relationships that existed between class, patronage, and poetry in Hanoverian England by examining the life and work of Stephen Duck, the ‘famous Threshing Poet’. In 1730, Duck became the most famous agricultural labourer in the nation when his writing won him the patronage of Queen Caroline. The man, and the writing he produced, intrigued contemporaries. How was it possible, they asked, for an agricultural labourer to become a poet? What would a thresher write? Did he really deserve royal patronage, and what would he do with such an honour? How should he be supported? And was he an isolated prodigy, or were there others like him, equally deserving of support? Duck’s remarkable story reveals the tolerances, and intolerances, of the Hanoverian social order. This book sheds new light on the poet’s early life, revealing how the farm labourer developed an interest in poetry; how he wrote his most famous poem, ‘The Thresher’s Labour’; how his public identity as the ‘famous Threshing Poet’ took shape; and how he came to be positioned as a figurehead of labouring-class writing. It explores how the patronage Duck received shaped his writing; how he came to reconceive his relationship with land, labour, and leisure; and how he made use of his newly acquired classical learning to develop new friendships and career opportunities. And it reveals how, after Duck’s death, rumours about his suicide came to overshadow the achievements of his life. Both in life, and in death, this book argues, Duck provided both opportunity and provocation for thinking through the complex interplay of class, patronage, and poetry in Hanoverian England.

The Chi-shih-lu of Yü Pen: A Note on the Sources for the Founding of the Ming Dynasty

1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Lost Work ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
Evidential Basis ◽  
The Ming Dynasty

In a 1926 article Wada Sei criticized the chronology of early Ming history given in the Ming T'ai-tsu shih-lu and other official sources. His conclusions have won general acceptance. Wada based his revisions on the Chi-shih-lu of Yu Pen, a lost work surviving only in fragmentary quotation. Recently, a more extensive text of the latter has come to light, and internal analysis of the longer text shows that its chronology is too confused for any of the Chi-shih-lu to be reliable as a corrective to the official sources. This removes the evidential basis for Wada's revised chronology, and requires the substitution for it of the order of events given in the Ming T'ai-tsu shih-lu.

Migration Processes among the Highly Skilled in Europe

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Salt
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
European Business ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Corporate Business ◽  
Official Sources

This article seeks to show that the migration process for highly skilled workers in contemporary Europe is part of the structuring of European business. It focuses on the employer's perspective and role in articulating movement, using data from various official sources as well as survey evidence from the United Kingdom. It suggests that the increasing importance of this form of mobility is related to the process of internationalization by large employers and that the particular form of movement is dependent on the evolution of corporate business structures.

Anniversaries of the Great Victory: Traditions and Innovations in Celebration and the Dynamics of Public Consciousness

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Татьяна Николаевна Золотова
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
Great Victory

В статье рассматриваются советские и постсоветские традиции празднования Дня Победы, анализируется его роль в современном социокультурном пространстве России. Источниками для работы послужили материалы по Омскому региону - результаты опросов и личных наблюдений автора, данные средств массовой информации и официальных источников. Делается вывод о центральном месте Дня Победы в современном праздничном календаре и его важной роли в объединении российской нации на основе мемориализации общего исторического прошлого. Автор объясняет значимость праздника для населения страны сохранением традиционных ценностей и смыслов, а региональные особенности празднования и процессов коммеморации - различными факторами исторического, экономического, политического, социокультурного порядка. Празднование 70-летнего и 75-летнего юбилеев Победы отразило позитивное изменение общественного сознания в постсоветской России, что проявилось в увеличении интереса к историческому наследию, усилении чувства благодарности ветеранам и гордости за их подвиг, осознании причастности каждого к историческим событиям славного прошлого страны. День Победы, выполняя главные функции праздника, поддерживает преемственность традиций, объединяет различные социальные группы, воспитывает уважение к историко-культурному наследию и патриотизм. This article examines the Soviet and post-Soviet tradition of Victory Day celebrations and analyzes their role in modern Russian socio-cultural space. It is based on materials from the Omsk Region, including the results of surveys, data from the mass media and official sources, as well as the author’s personal observations. The author describes the central place of Victory Day in the modern holiday calendar and its important role in uniting the Russian nation by memorializing a common historical past. The author considers the role of the holiday in preserving traditional values and meanings, and describes the regional features of the celebration and the processes of commemoration as shaped by various historical, economic, political, and socio-cultural factors. The celebration of the 70 th and 75 th post-Soviet anniversaries of the victory reflected a positive change in public consciousness that was manifested in greater interest in the historical heritage, an increased sense of gratitude toward veterans and pride in their accomplishment, and an awareness of everyone’s involvement in the historical events of the country’s glorious past. Victory Day, performing the main functions of a holiday, supports the continuity of tradition, unites various social groups, and promotes patriotism and respect for the historical and cultural heritage

News Sources and Framing of Responsibility on Devolution in Kenya, 2013–2017

2022 ◽  
pp. 107769902110665
Author(s):  
Jimmy Ochieng
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Newspaper Coverage ◽  
Attribution Of Responsibility ◽  
News Sources ◽  
News Source ◽  
Official Sources

The present research examines two aspects of newspaper coverage of devolution during a 4-year period between March 27, 2013, and May 28, 2017: first, through the lens of attribution of responsibility, who the news media most blamed for problems facing devolution; second, whether reliance on official sources in reporting of devolution mirrors the indexing hypothesis. Findings show that the most-blamed actor and dominant news source on devolution is the county executive. Journalists continue to rely on the elite as their main news source and as a result they shape the discourse on devolution.

Media capture in the era of megaleaks

Journalism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1182-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Woodall
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Second Look ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Media ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
Media Capture

Much has been written about the potential of large-scale digital disclosures, or ‘megaleaks’, to transform journalistic coverage of high-value news. This analysis takes a second look at the phenomenon by analyzing three of the best-known megaleaks to date: those disclosed by Chelsea Manning, Edward Snowden, and John Doe, the source of the Panama Papers. To what extent did these large-scale disclosures disrupt the media capture that distorts or limits coverage by an autonomous press? A study of circumstances surrounding these three megaleaks suggests that their main effect was encouraging a culture of collaborative work that favors independence from official sources.

Sports museums as part of the touristic and cultural itineraries

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mafalda Magalhães ◽  
Paulo Horta ◽  
Luis Valente ◽  
Jorge Costa
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strong Interest ◽  
Sports Club ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
The City

Purpose This paper aims to explain how FC Porto became an important agent on the contribution for the development of tourism in the city of Porto. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on information drawn from official sources and relevant data from Futebol Clube do Porto. Findings Through the football matches and since the migration of the club’s headquarters to the eastern district of the city, during the mid-1950s, FC Porto proved to be responsible for bringing attention and public to the city of Porto and then to an area where progress was missing. Originality/value The FC Porto Museum has been able to capture strong interest and satisfaction from visitors less connected to the phenomenon of sports, attracted by the theme of a museum of a sports club that speaks the language of the city, the region and the country.

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