The Draft Convention Ecocide and the Role for Corporate Remediation. Some Insights from the International Monsanto Tribunal and a Recent Research Proposal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Marco Colacurci
Keyword(s):  
International Crime ◽  
Multinational Enterprise ◽  
Environmental Crime ◽  
Research Proposal ◽  
Advisory Opinion ◽  
International Level ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Draft Convention ◽  
Corporate Liability

Abstract The debate on introducing the international crime of ecocide and corporate liability at the international level has been intense during the last fifty years. A recent research project elaborated two draft conventions on the supranational crime of ecocide and transnational crimes (eco-crimes), both acknowledging corporate liability. Also in recent years, the International Monsanto Tribunal – an opinion tribunal – found the Monsanto multinational enterprise responsible for ecocide: although not binding, its advisory opinion tackles most of the critical issues arising from corporate environmental crime. After a review of the case, the article analyses the Draft Convention Ecocide, focusing on the main features of this crime and the corporate liability system provided. Albeit some aspects could be subject to critics, the project has several strengths, particularly for its pragmatic approach to corporate remediation, and also aimed at fostering the dialogue between the national States through the approval of a specific convention.

The role of forensic science and forensic examination in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Valery Yu. Shepitko ◽  
Mykhaylo V. Shepitko
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
International Crime ◽  
National Level ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
International Level

The application of forensic science and expertise is a necessary prerequisite for the investigation of crimes at the local and national level. Without the use of forensic science and expertise, an investigation within the framework of a criminal process becomes dead and unsubstantiated. But with the globalisation of world processes, the development of technologies, the speed of information transmission, the formation of crime outside the borders of one state and its entry into the international level has become an urgent problem, which has become a challenge in countering such crime and the need to steer forensic science and expertise towards assisting law enforcement activities. A special feature of countering the investigation of crimes was the creation of international cooperation between forensic specialists and expert witnesses even prior to the establishment of practical institutions that could counteract them in practice. Therewith, some representatives of such international unions and associations have taken serious steps in creating mechanisms for real counteraction to crimes at the international level (R.A. Reiss, G. Soderman, M.Sh. Bassiuni). Coverage of the problem of international cooperation in the investigation of crimes through the definition of the role of forensic science and expertise allowed focusing on the following blocks: 1) international associations of forensic specialists for combating crime in the historical context; 2) international criminal police organisations in combating crime; 3) international cooperation in the field of conducting forensic examinations; 4) the use of forensic and special knowledge in the activities of the International Criminal Court. Thus, a combination of theory and practice in the fight against crime is demonstrated. Historically, this is associated with the role of forensic science and expertise in recording traces of crimes, analysing them, and forming legal, forensic, and expert witness opinions. The purpose of the study is to establish the decisive role of forensic science and expertise in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes. For this, the authors turned to forensic science and expertise, historical processes that served to create substantial international organisations created to counter international crime

scholarly journals Credit scoring in the service of entrepreneurship in morocco: Pragmatic approach for the selection of promising projects

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Mehdi Bazzi ◽  
Ghita Bennouna ◽  
Hasna Chamlal
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Credit Scoring ◽  
International Level ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Employment Programs ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Selection Of

The different policies adopted at the national and international level aimed at investing in the youth to accelerate their development on all socio-economic, political and cultural sectors. This orientation is based on the considerable growth of this population of youth from 15 to 29 years old representing about one third of the total population of the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa) (Approximately more than 100 million). However, lack of direction and support needed to fully contribute to the development of their communities, this potential can turn into frustration, as demonstrated by the "Arab Spring". In this sense and to promote the opportunities with these young people, Morocco has launched several employment programs like “Moukawalati” directing them to the world of entrepreneurship. From the perspective of successful operational deployment of these programs, this paper presents a practical approach of selection of the promising projects through the implementation of a highly predictive scoring approach adapted to the specificities of this segment of young micro-entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Challenges ahead of codification of environmental crime indices as an international crime

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3719-3734 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jambozorg ◽  
M. Pournouri ◽  
S. A. Poorhashemi ◽  
D. Hermidasbavand
Keyword(s):  
International Crime ◽  
Environmental Crime

scholarly journals Citizens ‘participation in the fight against criminal offences: political and legal aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (69) ◽  
pp. 212-224
Author(s):  
Yevhen Leheza ◽  
Yuliia Dorokhina ◽  
Oleksandr Shamara ◽  
Serhii Miroshnychenko ◽  
Vita Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
International Crime ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
International Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Service Function ◽  
Crime And Delinquency ◽  
Victims Of Crime

The aim of the research is to reveal political and legal aspects at international level in the field of citizens' participation in the fight against crime. Attention is paid to the most common forms of public participation: patrolling; provide information on criminals or criminal acts committed; participation in anti-corruption measures; assistance in the resocialization of offenders; aiding victims of crime; strengthening the security of one's own property; participation in information on anti-criminal measures. Methodologically it is a documentary research. In conclusion, the benefits of public participation in crime prevention, based on international crime prevention, can be divided into two groups: basic and additional. The main advantages are reduction of crime and delinquency; improve security in relevant areas of cities; reducing citizens' fear of crime; strengthening the service function of the police forces in relation to the inhabitants of territorial communities; improve police partnerships with the public.

scholarly journals Le contrôle juridique des entreprises multinationales

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-435
Author(s):  
Benoît Trotier
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Multinational Enterprise ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
International Level ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Uncertain Environment ◽  
Political Autonomy

The multinational enterprise (MNE) is clearly a major factor for economic development but it exacts a heavy toll upon nations : a genuine loss of economical and political autonomy. Both home and host countries may feel their national goals put in jeopardy due to centralized decisions and commercial practices of this type of firm. Thus, nations have conceived a wide variety of controls seeking to sway the behavior of the MNE but such controls tend to exacerbate tensions between home and host countries while compelling the MNE to work amidst contradictory regulations in an uncertain environment. On the international level, many agreements have been concluded or are being discussed within different organizations but none of them has resulted in a binding act with compelling effects on the MNE. Nonetheless, if these agreements are considered to be a pledge to pursue future multilateral action, they may be completed by an all-encompassing collection of industrial and financial data on MNE's as well as by bilateral conventions on the conditions of foreign investment.

scholarly journals Yorùbá Ethics of Interpersonal Relations in Ọbasá’s Poetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ayodele Solomon Oyewale
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Interpersonal Relation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Social Animals ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Cultural Ideology ◽  
Rational Reflection

In the context of Yorùba interrelation, every human being is involved with ́ a clearly defined tradition laced with mutual benefits. The custom of human interpersonal relationship and the challenges thereof are critical issues in modern Yorùbá society. The themes of Yorùbá ethics as related to interpersonal relation are prominent in Obasa ̣’s poetry. In this essay, we identify and ́ analyze the ethical themes in Obasa ̣’s poetry and compare the poet’s engagement with the Yorùbá philosophy with a view to establish their relevance to the contemporary Yorùbá society. Wolfgang Iser’s (1996) principle on hermeneutics that “(texts) impacts information to the reader vis-a-vis the reader’s experience” is our model for the analysis of this paper (63). The ethical issues in Obasa’s poetry are anchored ́ to three sociocultural Yoruba concepts: communalism, cultural ideology on salutation, and conflict resolution. Tis paper affirms the poet’s rational reflection on the Yorùbá cultural ideology and pragmatic approach to ethical issues. As I argue in the essay, the poet’s perspectives affirm the basis of Yorùba ethical concepts on communalism and how it portrays human beings ́ as social “animals.”

A pragmatic approach to teaching clinical physical diagnosis

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 585-588
Author(s):  
MJ Kutcher ◽  
TF Meiller ◽  
CD Overholser
Keyword(s):  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Physical Diagnosis ◽  
Approach To Teaching
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