Negotiating Race: Blackness and Whiteness in the Context of Homecoming to Ghana

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schramm

Abstract This article aims to analyse the dynamics of the making and unmaking of racial identities by looking at the ways in which the issue of race is debated in the context of historical and more recent return movements of African Americans to Ghana. The discourse surrounding the return, or homecoming as it is commonly phrased, is determined by notions of an African family and Black kinship. In official rhetoric, race is represented as an irrefutable reality, and a shared racial identity appears as the key to the mutual understanding and common cause of Africans and African Americans. Going beyond this rhetoric, the author shows how the categories of Blackness and Whiteness, while being constructed as mutually exclusive, are rather flexible and constantly re-negotiated in the course of the homecoming practice. She argues that the entangled movements of diasporic return speak in profound ways of the complexity and ambivalence that are at the heart of processes of racialisation. Cet article vise à analyser la dynamique de construction et de destruction des identités raciales en étudiant les voies par lesquelles la question de la race est débattue dans le contexte des mouvements historiques et plus récents des Afro-Américains au Ghana. Le discours entourant le retour, ou le retour au pays tel qu'il est généralement exprimé, est déterminé par les notions de la famille africaine et de la parenté noire. Dans la rhétorique officielle, la race est représentée comme une réalité irréfutable et l'identité raciale partagée apparaît comme la clef à la compréhension mutuelle et à la cause commune des Africains et des Afro-Américains. En allant au-delà de cette rhétorique, l'auteure montre que les catégories de noirceur et de blancheur, bien qu'étant construites comme mutuellement exclusives, sont plutôt flexibles et constamment renégociées au cours du retour au pays. Elle soutient que les mouvements enchevêtrés du retour de la diaspora parlent de façon profonde de la complexité et de l'ambivalence qui sont au cœur des processus de racialisation.

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Sellers ◽  
Mia A. Smith ◽  
J. Nicole Shelton ◽  
Stephanie A.J. Rowley ◽  
Tabbye M. Chavous

Research on African American racial identity has utilized 2 distinct approaches. The mainstream approach has focused on universal properties associated with ethnic and racial identities. In contrast, the underground approach has focused on documenting the qualitative meaning of being African American, with an emphasis on the unique cultural and historical experiences of African Americans. The Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity (MMRI) represents a synthesis of the strengths of these two approaches. The underlying assumptions associated with the model are explored. The model proposes 4 dimensions of African American racial identity: salience, centrality, regard, and ideology. A description of these dimensions is provided along with a discussion of how they interact to influence behavior at the level of the event. We argue that the MMRI has the potential to make contributions to traditional research objectives of both approaches, as well as to provide the impetus to explore new questions.


2020 ◽  
pp. 009579842098366
Author(s):  
Yara Mekawi ◽  
Natalie N. Watson-Singleton

Though considerable empirical work has documented the ways in which African Americans are dehumanized by other racial groups, there is no research examining how perceiving dehumanization (i.e., metadehumanization) is associated with the mental health of African Americans. In this study, we examined the indirect effect of racial discrimination on depressive symptoms through metadehumanization and explored whether this indirect effect was contingent on racial identity (i.e., centrality, private regard). African American students completed measures in a university lab located in the Midwestern region of the United States ( N = 326; Mage = 19.7, 72.4% women). We found that the degree to which racial discrimination was indirectly associated with depressive symptoms through metadehumanization was contingent on racial identity dimensions. Specifically, the indirect effect of racial discrimination on depressive symptoms through metadehumanization was only significant for individuals who were relatively higher on centrality and private regard. This research suggests that the role of metadehumanization is stronger among African Americans who strongly identify with and have positive views of their racial group. We discuss these results in the context of social cognitive theories.


Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey R Mitrani ◽  
Silvia Vilches ◽  
Roberta Mussinelli ◽  
Francesco Salinaro ◽  
Jeffeny De Los Santos ◽  
...  

Background: African Americans (AA) have a higher rate of stroke and of stroke-related death compared with Caucasians (Cau). Paradoxically, atrial fibrillation (AF), a common cause of stroke, affects twice as many Cau compared with AA. Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is commonly associated with AF and strokes. We hypothesized that AF race-related patterns in the general population would exist in patients with ATTR-CA with increased thromboembolic events in the AA population. Methods: Patients with ATTR-CA (n=615) at four international centers were retrospectively identified. We compared baseline characteristics, presence of atrial fibrillation, and outcomes of thromboembolic events (stroke, transient ischemic attack, and peripheral embolism) and major bleed between AA and Cau. Results: Of 615 patients, 545 (88.6%) identified as Cau, and 70 (11.4%) as AA. As shown in table 1, Cau patients were diagnosed with AF more often than AA (p <0.01), while AA were younger and more often had ATTRv disease (p <0.01). Both prevalent and incident thromboembolic events were more common in AA than Cau. Major bleeding was more prevalent at baseline for AA with no difference was shown in follow-up, though AA had more often labile INR (p<0.01). AA more frequently had no anticoagulation compared with Cau (p<0.01) Over a median of 26 months, 24 Cau (4.4%) had thromboembolic events compared with 10 (14.3%) AA (p <0.01). Conclusions: These data suggest that while Cau with ATTR-CA more often have AF than AA, thromboembolic events are more common in the AA population. Whether these data relate to mechanism of disease or disparities in healthcare is yet to be determined


2021 ◽  
pp. 108926802110563
Author(s):  
Deborah Rivas-Drake ◽  
Bernardette J. Pinetta ◽  
Linda P. Juang ◽  
Abunya Agi

How youth come to understand their social identities and their relation to others’ identities can have important implications for the future of our society. In this article, we focus on how ethnic-racial identities (ERI) can serve to promote (or hinder) collective well-being. We first describe the nature of change in ethnic-racial identities over the course of childhood and adolescence. We then delineate three pathways by which youths’ ERI can be a mechanism for productive intergroup relations and thereby collective well-being as a: (a) basis for understanding differences and finding commonalities across groups; (b) promotive and protective resource for marginalized youth; and (c) springboard for recognizing and disrupting marginalization. This article concludes with how youths’ ERI can be nurtured into a source of resilience and resistance in the face of racism and xenophobia. Moreover, we urge researchers to consider the role ERI plays in guiding youth to challenge and resist marginalization.


2021 ◽  
pp. 195-222
Author(s):  
Robert Murray

Chapter 5 examines the overwhelming rejection of colonization by free people of color in the United States, the evolution of the colonization societies, and the agency of the settlers in enacting these changes. For the majority of African Americans rejected colonization’s principal arguments. Those few who saw potential in Liberia emphasized the performative possibilities of the colony, the ability to act in ways previously denied to them on account of race. Significantly, the small number of African Americans who willingly chose to emigrate to Liberia were often racially ambiguous. They saw opportunity in the undefined and evolving racial identities offered by moving to Liberia. The chapter also examines the settlers’ roles in changing the colonization societies. For many settlers, there was no difference between abolition and colonization. Settlers worked with colonizationists committed to black uplift and attempted to drive out those who did not favor such reforms; they changed how the societies’ governed their colonies.


2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1233-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E Thomas

In this paper I consider the performativity of racial identities and difference at a southern US high school. I utilize Butler's performativity theory along with geographic theories of race, racial difference, and racism to argue that teenage girls reinstate racial difference through their everyday spatial practices. The paper has two substantive sections in addition to the introduction and the conclusion. The first explores the segregated high school lunchroom. Here I examine two girls' narratives and suggest that these girls encounter the spatiality of racial difference in the lunchroom and repeat the practices of segregated sitting. Thus, they reinscribe racialized difference and identity through their spatial practices of sitting with same-race friends. The second substantive section focuses on girls' practices of identifying others' racial identities. In this section I argue that these identifications are spatialized and that racial difference and categorization are achieved through spatial policing and boundary making. Throughout the paper I argue that racial identity and racial difference are performative, but that performativity must account for the normative spatiality of social and racial practice.


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