SEG 65-1888. Bahriya Oasis (area of: Qaret el-Faragi). Dedications to Herakles, Ptolemaic/Imperial periods.

The Baluch, Sunnism and the State in Iran

10.1093/oso/9780190655914.001.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stéphane A. Dudoignon

Keyword(s):

South Asia ◽

South Asian ◽

Social Life ◽

The State ◽

First Century ◽

Local Democracy ◽

Oasis Area ◽

Shed Light

Since 2002, Sunni jihadi groups have been active in Iranian Baluchistan without managing to plunge the region into chaos. This book suggests that a reason for this, besides Tehran’s military responses, has been the quality of Khomeini and Khamenei’s relationship with a network of South-Asia-educated Sunni ulama (mawlawis) originating from the Sarbaz oasis area, in the south of Baluchistan. Educated in the religiously reformist, socially conservative South Asian Deoband School, which puts the madrasa at the centre of social life, the Sarbazi ulama had taken advantage, in Iranian territory, of the eclipse of Baluch tribal might under the Pahlavi monarchy (1925-79). They emerged then as a bulwark against Soviet influence and progressive ideologies, before rallying to Khomeini in 1979. Since the turn of the twenty-first century, they have been playing the role of a rampart against Salafi propaganda and Saudi intrigues. The book shows that, through their alliance with an Iranian Kurdish-born Muslim-Brother movement and through the promotion of a distinct ‘Sunni vote’, they have since the early 2000s contributed towards – and benefitted from – the defence by the Reformist presidents Khatami (1997-2005) and Ruhani (since 2013) of local democracy and of the minorities’ rights. They endeavoured to help, at the same time, preventing the propagation of jihadism and Sunni radicalisation to Iran – at least until the ISIS/Daesh-claimed attacks of June 2017, in Tehran, shed light on the limits of the Islamic Republic’s strategy of reliance on Deobandi ulama and Muslim-Brother preachers in the country’s Sunni-peopled peripheries.

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High-Resolution Monitoring and Assessment of Evapotranspiration and Gross Primary Production Using Remote Sensing in a Typical Arid Region

Land ◽

10.3390/land10040396 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 396

Author(s):

Junxia Yan ◽

Yanfei Ma ◽

Dongyun Zhang ◽

Zechen Li ◽

Weike Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

High Resolution ◽

Land Surface ◽

Arid Region ◽

Management Practices ◽

Gross Primary Production ◽

Irrigation District ◽

Heihe River ◽

Freshwater Resource ◽

Oasis Area

Land surface evapotranspiration (ET) and gross primary productivity (GPP) are critical components in terrestrial ecosystems with water and carbon cycles. Large-scale, high-resolution, and accurately quantified ET and GPP values are important fundamental data for freshwater resource management and help in understanding terrestrial carbon and water cycles in an arid region. In this study, the revised surface energy balance system (SEBS) model and MOD17 GPP algorithm were used to estimate daily ET and GPP at 100 m resolution based on multi-source satellite remote sensing data to obtain surface biophysical parameters and meteorological forcing data as input variables for the model in the midstream oasis area of the Heihe River Basin (HRB) from 2010 to 2016. Then, we further calculated the ecosystem water-use efficiency (WUE). We validated the daily ET, GPP, and WUE from ground observations at a crop oasis station and conducted spatial intercomparisons of monthly and annual ET, GPP, and WUE at the irrigation district and cropland oasis scales. The site-level evaluation results show that ET and GPP had better performance than WUE at the daily time scale. Specifically, the deviations in the daily ET, GPP, and WUE data compared with ground observations were small, with a root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percent error (MAPE) of 0.75 mm/day and 26.59%, 1.13 gC/m2 and 36.62%, and 0.50 gC/kgH2O and 39.83%, respectively. The regional annual ET, GPP, and WUE varied from 300 to 700 mm, 200 to 650 gC/m2, and 0.5 to 1.0 gC/kgH2O, respectively, over the entire irrigation oasis area. It was found that annual ET and GPP were greater than 550 mm and 500 gC/m2, and annual oasis cropland WUE had strong invariability and was maintained at approximately 0.85 gC/kgH2O. The spatial intercomparisons from 2010 to 2016 revealed that ET had similar spatial patterns to GPP due to tightly coupled carbon and water fluxes. However, the WUE spatiotemporal patterns were slightly different from both ET and GPP, particularly in the early and late growing seasons for the oasis area. Our results demonstrate that spatial full coverage and reasonably fine spatiotemporal variation and variability could significantly improve our understanding of water-saving irrigation strategies and oasis agricultural water management practices in the face of water shortage issues.

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SEG 63-1662. Bahriya Oasis (area of: Bir Shawish). Dipinti on jar, 3rd-5th cent.

Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum ◽

10.1163/1874-6772_seg_a63_1662 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Oasis Area

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Random forest predictive model development with uncertainty analysis capability for the estimation of evapotranspiration in an arid oasis region

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2020.012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 648-665

Author(s):

Min Wu ◽

Qi Feng ◽

Xiaohu Wen ◽

Ravinesh C. Deo ◽

Zhenliang Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Random Forest ◽

Uncertainty Analysis ◽

Predictive Model ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Model Development ◽

Influential Factor ◽

Weather Data ◽

Data Sets ◽

Oasis Area ◽

Lower Uncertainty

Abstract The study evaluates the potential utility of the random forest (RF) predictive model used to simulate daily reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in two stations located in the arid oasis area of northwestern China. To construct an accurate RF-based predictive model, ET0 is estimated by an appropriate combination of model inputs comprising maximum air temperature (Tmax), minimum air temperature (Tmin), sunshine durations (Sun), wind speed (U2), and relative humidity (Rh). The output of RF models are tested by ET0 calculated using Penman–Monteith FAO 56 (PMF-56) equation. Results showed that the RF model was considered as a better way to predict ET0 for the arid oasis area with limited data. Besides, Rh was the most influential factor on the behavior of ET0, except for air temperature in the proposed arid area. Moreover, the uncertainty analysis with a Monte Carlo method was carried out to verify the reliability of the results, and it was concluded that RF model had a lower uncertainty and can be used successfully in simulating ET0. The proposed study shows RF as a sound modeling approach for the prediction of ET0 in the arid areas where reliable weather data sets are available, but relatively limited.

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Post-Evaluation of the Ecological and Environmental Impact of Water Diversion Project in the Low Reaches of Heihe River

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1188 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 1188-1191

Author(s):

Gui Zhi Wang ◽

De Shan Tang

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Local Environment ◽

Water Diversion ◽

Ecological Effect ◽

Heihe River ◽

Post Evaluation ◽

Water Diversion Project ◽

Ecology And Environment ◽

Oasis Area ◽

The Impact

Since 2001, Heihe River began to carry out the project of water transforming, which caused certain effect in the ecology and environment of the whole basin. Analyzing the change of climate, the ground water, the typical plant growth and the oasis area in nearly 10 years, master the impact of water diversion to the downstream ecology and environment. It shows that the implement of the project of water transforming has decreased the desertification area, expanded the oasis area and kept down the trend of decline of a water table, the populus diversifolia and other vegetation began to recover and grow. The water diversion of Heihe River acquired preferably ecological effect; the local environment has made great improvement.

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New Maastrichtian-early Eocene ostracod species from the Kharga Oasis area, Western Desert, Egypt

Revue de Micropaléontologie ◽

10.1016/j.revmic.2019.100385 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 ◽

pp. 100385

Author(s):

Abdel-Mohsen M. Morsi ◽

Abdel-Galil A. Hewaidy ◽

Ahmed Samir

Keyword(s):

Western Desert ◽

Early Eocene ◽

Kharga Oasis ◽

Oasis Area ◽

Ostracod Species

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The constraints and driving forces of oasis development in arid region: a case study of the Hexi Corridor in northwest China

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-74930-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qiang Bie ◽

Yaowen Xie

Keyword(s):

Arid Region ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Northwest China ◽

Hexi Corridor ◽

Arid Land ◽

Heat Condition ◽

Sustainable Planning ◽

The Index System ◽

Oasis Area

Abstract The oasis, a special landscape with the integration of nature and humanity in the arid region, has undergone an enormous transformation during the past decades. To gain a better understanding of the tradeoff between economic growth and oases stability in the arid land, we took the oases in the Hexi Corridor as a case to explore the constraints of oases development and the driving factors of oases expansion. The dynamic changes and spatial distribution patterns underwent by the oases were examined using multispectral remote sensing imagery. The constraints of oasis development in arid land were investigated by the grid-transformed model, as well as the index system of driving forces was analyzed using the grey incidence model based on the data from statistics yearbooks. The oasis area in the Hexi Corridor had tremendous changes expanded 40% from 1986 to 2015, the stable oasis area was 9062 km2, while the maximum area reached 16,374 km2. The constraints for oases of topography, hydrology and heat condition are as follow: The elevation of oasis ranged from 1000 to 1800 m, peaked in 1500 m; the slope of oasis distribution was flatter than 3 degrees; the aspect of oases on slope land concentrated in northeast and north, accounting for more than 60%. The main driving forces of oasis spatial expansion in the arid region were population, water resource, economy, policies, and other factors. These results are expected to (1) improve the rationality of oasis development, and (2) promote the sustainable planning and management of oases in the arid land.

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Development of a participatory Bayesian network model for integrating ecosystem services into catchment-scale water resources management

10.5194/hess-2016-618 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jie Xue ◽

Dongwei Gui ◽

Jiaqiang Lei ◽

Fanjiang Zeng ◽

Rong Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Bayesian Network ◽

Human Activities ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Northwest China ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Management Scenarios ◽

Catchment Scale ◽

Oasis Area

Abstract. This paper proposes an ecosystem services–based integrated water resource management (IWRM) framework within which a participatory Bayesian network (BN) model that assists with the integration of IWRM is developed. The framework is divided three steps: (1) identifying water-related services of ecosystems; (2) analysis of the tradeoffs and synergy among users of water; and (3) ecosystem services–based IWRM implementation using the BN model. We present the development, evaluation and application of a participatory BN model with the involvement of four participant groups (stakeholders, water manager, water management experts, and research team) in Qira oasis area, Northwest China. As a typical catchment-scale region, the Qira oasis area is facing severe water competition between the demands of human activities and natural ecosystems. We demonstrate that the BN model developed provides effective integration of ecosystem services into a quantitative IWMR framework via public negotiation and feedback. The network results, sensitivity evaluation, and management scenarios are broadly accepted by the participant groups. The intervention scenarios from the model conclude that any water management measure remains unable to sustain the ecosystem health in water-related ecosystem services. Greater cooperation among the stakeholders is highly necessary for dealing with such water conflicts. In particular, a proportion of the agricultural water saved through improving water-use efficiency should be transferred to natural ecosystems via water trade. The BN model developed is appropriate for areas throughout the world in which there is intense competition for water between human activities and ecosystems – particularly in arid regions.

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