R.R. Vasmer and His Hand-written Catalogue of Tabarestān drachms

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 143-f
Author(s):  
Konstantin V. Kravtsov
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Islamic Glass

Abstract The present article concerns the hand-written catalogue of Tabarestān drachms, composed by the famous Russian orientalist R.R. Vasmer (1888-1938), in the possession of the State Hermitage Museum. The catalogue constitutes an integral part of Vasmer’s hand-written legacy, preserved in the Numismatic Department of the State Hermitage Museum, including 8 volumes of the catalogue of pre-Mongol Islamic coins and 1 volume of the catalogue of Islamic glass weights and stamps The catalogue of Tabarestān drachms (Tabari dirhams) contains detailed descriptions of 129 coins: 23 specimens of which belong to the Dabuyid coinage, and 106 were struck by the ‘Abbasid Governors of Tabarestān. Despite the fact that the catalogue was compiled between 1910 and 1916 it is still unpublished and remains a very important reference for studying the history of Tabarestān’s numismatics, in particular, and early Islamic numismatics, in general.

Islamic Glass in the Making

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Schibille
Keyword(s):  
Glass Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Islamic Period ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Plant Ash ◽  
Islamic Glass

The ancient glass industry changed dramatically towards the end of the first millennium. The Roman glassmaking tradition of mineral soda glass was increasingly supplanted by the use of plant ash as the main fluxing agent at the turn of the ninth century CE. Defining primary production groups of plant ash glass has been a challenge due to the high variability of raw materials and the smaller scale of production. Islamic Glass in the Making advocates a large-scale archaeometric approach to the history of Islamic glassmaking to trace the developments in the production, trade and consumption of vitreous materials between the eighth and twelfth centuries and to separate the norm from the exception. It proposes compositional discriminants to distinguish regional production groups, and provides insights into the organisation of the glass industry and commerce during the early Islamic period. The interdisciplinary approach leads to a holistic understanding of the development of Islamic glass; assemblages from the early Islamic period in Mesopotamia, Central Asia, Egypt, Greater Syria and Iberia are evaluated, and placed in the larger geopolitical context. In doing so, this book fills a gap in the present literature and advances a large-scale approach to the history of Islamic glass.

Merchants and state society: Some case studies from early historic period and the ‘threshold times’ (c. 600 bc to ad 700)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-133
Author(s):  
Ranabir Chakravarti
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Present Article ◽  
The State ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Early Historic Period ◽  
Historic Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
Early Historic

The history of the evolution of state in India, or any country, cannot be studied in isolation from the evolution of other institutions of society. We are thus entitled to trace the evolution of the ‘state society’ meaning a society that had the state as its major institution; and this further obliges us to trace, among other factors behind the evolution of state, the factor of trade, its organisation and requirements, security being a major factor behind its own growth—one that could only be provided, in its turn, by the state. The present article draws on the varied evidence available to us from the so-called ‘threshold times’, ending c. 1300, on the evolving relationship between the mercantile world and the state. Both literary texts and inscriptions are put to use in our enquiry. It brings into question the widespread assumption that there was a decline of trading activities in the late centuries of the period the article deals with.

Whence Come Qurʾān Manuscripts? Determining the Regional Provenance of Early Qurʾānic Codices

Der Islam ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-393
Author(s):  
Ala Vahidnia
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Textual Variants ◽  
Early Islamic

Abstract In studies of early Qurʾānic manuscripts, determining the provenance of these manuscripts is a thorny issue because in most cases they lack endowment notes or colophons. The reports in early Islamic sources regarding textual variants of regional codices (maṣāḥif al-amṣār) may contribute to find a solution to this problem. A list of regional variants, mostly based on al-Dānī’s al-Muqniʿ, can be found in Nöldeke et al.’s The History of the Quran. However, as the authors have stated, a comparison of some of the early Qurʾānic manuscripts in the Topkapı Sarayı Museum with this table of maṣāḥif al-amṣār variants indicates that the traditional reports are unreliable for identifying the provenance of Qurʾānic manuscripts because none of these codices can be attributed to any particular region. The present article is an attempt to demonstrate that this problem results from relying solely on the data provided by al-Dānī and ignoring earlier and more significant sources, such as al-Sijistānī’s Kitāb al-Maṣāḥif. It attempts to provide a new and more precise classification of regional variants by reading afresh the reports on the features of maṣāḥif al-amṣār, taking into account the sources which were not used by Nöldeke et al., especially al-Sijistānī’s Kitāb al-Maṣāḥif, thus making the list of maṣāḥif al-amṣār variants more accurate, thereby the variants of each of these early Qurʾānic Codices tally more with the reports preserved for the characteristics of one of the maṣāḥif al-amṣār in literary sources. As the texts of the surviving manuscripts are not of a diverse nature we are able, with some certainty, to draw conclusions that substantiate the reports as to the peculiarities of the muṣḥafs of different cities.

scholarly journals Educar para a sustentabilidade: Administração Pública Federal Brasileira em foco

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananélia Meireles Dubois ◽  
Andreia Pereira Silverio ◽  
Luiz Caldeira Brant de Tolentino-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
The State ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Representative Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Estudio De Caso

O artigo, por meio de estudo de caso exploratório e descritivo, apresenta o modo de implementação da sustentabilidade nas compras públicas de papel de três organizações públicas federais, e indica o caráter distintivo da educação nesse processo. É contextualizado o histórico da inserção do conceito nas discussões globais, e a importância da participação do Estado como indutor de novos padrões de consumo para a sustentabilidade. O arcabouço legal expõe sustentação normativa para as compras públicas. No entanto, o tratamento conceitual da sustentabilidade é referenciado como um dos obstáculos para a sua inserção efetiva nas compras públicas. A relevância do trabalho está na consideração de dados representativos do cotidiano organizacional público. Esses dados são indicativos da necessidade de uma educação participativa. The present article, through exploratory and descriptive case study, presents the means of implementation of sustainability in public acquisitions fro paper in three federal civil organizations, and indicates the distinctive character of education in the process. The history of insertion of that concept in global discussions is contextualized, as well as the importance of the State as a model for new standards in consumption. The legal background establishes directives for public purchases. However, the conceptual treatment of sustainability is referenced as an obstacle to its effective insertion in public purchases. The work’s relevance lies in the consideration of representative data from the routine of public organizations. These data are indicative of need for a participative education. El artículo, por medio de estudio de caso exploratorio y descriptivo, presenta el modo de implementación de la sostenibilidad en las compras públicas de papel de tres organizaciones públicas federales, y indica el carácter distintivo de la educación en ese proceso. Es contextualizado el histórico de la inserción del concepto en las discusiones globales, y la importancia del Estado como inductor de nuevos patrones de consumo para la sostenibilidad. El marco legal presentado expone sustentación normativa para las compras públicas. Sin embargo, el trato conceptual de la sostenibilidad es referenciado como uno de los obstáculos para su inserción en las compras públicas. La relevancia del trabajo está en la consideración de datos representativos del cotidiano organizacional público. Estos datos son indicativos de la necesidad de una educación participativa.

The history of Polish viola literature – the 19th and 20th centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (16) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Dorota Stanisławska
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
European Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European ◽  
Private Collections

After the Romanticism era, when virtuoso music was dominated by the violin, cello and piano, there was a noticeable tendency among composers to search for new and fresh sound inspired by instruments previously functioning mainly in an orchestra. One of the instruments which acquired a new glory back then was the viola. Even though Western European literature earned a permanent place in the repertoire of violists worldwide, Polish pieces representing this genre are lesser-known and performed not as often, except for a few compositions. The library of Polish 20th century viola works is quite rich, but many compositions did not stand the test of time and we would look for them in vain within the performance canon; others were not published in print or recorded, and their manuscripts are owned by private collections. Some autographs of compositions have gone missing and only their titles have been preserved to this day. The present article is an attempt to systematise the state of knowledge about Polish viola compositions written before the end of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Developments in Egypt's early Islamic postal system (with an edition of P.Khalili II 5)

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Jelle Bruning
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
First Century ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Islamic

AbstractThe importance of documentary sources for the history of the official postal system (barīd) in the first century of Islam has long been acknowledged. In addition to a small number of documents from the eastern part of the Muslim Empire, Egyptian papyri from the 90s/710s and 130s/750s form the main documentary sources for modern studies on the postal system. These papyri belong to a distinct phase in Islamic history. Papyri from other, especially earlier, phases have largely been neglected. The present article addresses the history of Egypt's official postal system from the Muslim conquest up to c. 132/750. It argues that the postal system gradually developed out of Byzantine practices and was shaped by innovations by Muslim rulers through which their involvement in the postal system's administration gradually increased. The article ends with an edition of P.Khalili II 5, a papyrus document from 135/753 on the provisioning of postal stations.

scholarly journals Nomeação de escolas como homenagem à história local do município paranaense de Marechal Cândido Rondon

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-176
Author(s):  
Daniel Seidel Ruppenthal
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Local History ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Research Show

O presente artigo se centra na investigação dos nomes próprios atribuídos a escolas da cidade Marechal Cândido Rondon, no Paraná, tomando, como objeto de estudo, especificamente, escolas localizadas mais ao centro da cidade. A análise procurou recuperar quem são os sujeitos homenageados em cada nome das escolas, e, quando possível, por quais razões o nome foi escolhido. A metodologia empregada nesta pesquisa envolve a busca de fundamentação teórica e documental para o levantamento de dados históricos relacionados às escolas analisadas e análise dos dados com o aporte de outros estudos toponímicos com objetivo semelhante. A pesquisa revelou que um terço dos nomes de escola analisados correspondem a pioneiros no município; quatro nomes são de escritores e quatro de pessoas de notoriedade no cenário nacional; houve também dois casos de escolas que homenageiam os locais onde se encontram. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que, a partir dos vestígios presentes nas denominações, o estudo toponímico dos nomes de escolas permite contemplar e resgatar uma parte do passado rondonense que está ligado a essas escolas.School names as homage to the local History of the Paraná county of Marechal Cândido Rondon The present article focuses on the investigation of proper names assigned to schools in Marechal Cândido Rondon city, in the state of Paraná, taking, as study object, specifically, schools near downtown. The analysis looked for recover who are the subjects honored in each name of the schools, and, when possible, for which reasons the name was chosen. The methodology employed on this research involves the demand of theoretical and documented foundation for the setting-up of historical data related to the analyzed schools and with the support on other similar goal toponymic studies. The research revealed that one third of the school names analyzed correspond to pioneers in the city; four are names of writers and four names of notorious people on the nation scene; there were also two cases of schools which honor the place where they are located. The results of the research show that, starting from the present vestiges on the denominations, the toponymic study of school names allow us to contemplate and rescue a part of the past of the city that is connected to these schools. Keywords: Toponym; School names; History.

scholarly journals ILONA ZRÍNYI, THE SYMBOL OF FREEDOM AND COURAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Juriy CHOTARI
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Local People ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Historical Figure ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Archives

The article describes the important moments of life and active political activity of one prominent female figure in the history of Transcarpathian region – Countess Ilona Zrínyi, who lived in Mukachevo in the 17th century and protected Mukachevo Castle from the Austrian invaders. The Countess' personality is also shown as a symbol of freedom and courage, which was especially emphasized during the siege of Mukachevo Castle by the Habsburgs in the second half of the 17th century (1685–1688). The article analyses eleven original letters written by Ilona Zrínyi before the siege of Mukachevo Castle. They testify to the connection between the Countess and the leadership of the Uzhanskyi and Berezhskyi counties (present-day territory of Transcarpathian region). They are stored in the Berehove Branch of the State Archives of Transcarpathian Oblast. These letters are important sources of evidence of Europe-wide history of our region. In the final part of the present article we have collected evidence based on press material and documents in the State Archives of Transcarpathian Oblast describing the so-called «Ilona-days», i.e. celebrations commemorating the personality of the great political and historical figure, Countess Ilona Zrínyi. All the official documents provide proof of the fact of how local people of Uzhanskyi and Berezhskyi counties (present-day Transcarpathia) loved and deeply respected the countess for her courage to fight for freedom against the Habsburgs, for her never-ending feeling of responsibility for her nation, and attentive care for her own motherland. During the siege of Mukachevo Castle with Ilona Zrínyi had her son, Ferenc Rákóczi II with her, who was still a child. The siege at that time taught the future leader of the liberation struggle of 1703–1711 to be courageous, and to love his motherland. Further research into sources related to Ilona Zríny’s activities may continue in the archives of Hungary and other countries as she unsuccessfully sought to form an international anti-Habsburg coalition. Keywords Countess Ilona Zrínyi, Mukachevo Castle, Transcarpathian history.

scholarly journals The Chronology of Augustine’s "Tractatus in Iohannis Evangelium" 1–16 and "Enarrationes in Psalmos" 119–133 Revisited

Vox Patrum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 149-170
Author(s):  
Marcela Andokova ◽  
Robert Horka
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Gospel Of John ◽  
The State ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Points ◽  
History Of ◽  
John's Gospel ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Enarrationes In Psalmos ◽  
Point Of Departure

In the year 2002 Milewski published an article devoted to the current state of research concerning Augustine’s Commentary on the Gospel of John where, among other topics, he reports on the state of research in the chronology of this work by Augustine, and after a brief summary of the latest solutions proposed by prominent Augustinian scholars he concludes that the history of the Tractates’ composition calls for a careful appreciation of their development and appearance over the course of Augustine’s busy episcopate and in relation to his other pastoral endeavours. This study therefore serves as the point of departure for our present article in which we would like to contribute to the recently proposed solution to certain questions related to the chronology of the two series of Augustine’s homilies, i.e. Tractatus in Iohannis Evangelium 1-16 and Enarrationes in Psalmos 119-133, especially in those points where the present solutions appear to be rather vague. Hence, our analysis concerns primarily the division of Tractates 1-12 and 13-16 made by Le Landais, and consequently accepted by all later scholars. Moreover, it focuses on some key points of the chronology: the dating of Tractate 7 at a pagan festival, the so-called dies sanguinis, proposed by La Bonnardière, then the synchronization of Tractates 1-16 with the parallel series of Enarrationes in Psalmos 119-133, and, finally, the re-evaluation of the year of the delivery of both series of homilies, dated between the years 406/407 or 407/408. Our argumentation is based, first and foremost, on the principle similar topic means similar liturgical time thanks to which we can place Tractates 10-12 of the Commentary on John’s Gospel right before the beginning of the Lenten season. Consequently, it enables us to include Tractates 13-16 in Augustine’s preaching activity during the Lenten season until as late as the beginning of the Easter Octave. In addition, if we admit that Tractate 7 was not delivered on the so-called dies sanguinis feast related to the rites of Cybele and Attis but on the occassion of another unknown local festival of an aitiological myth in Hippo Regius, we do not need to place it on the 24th of March as La Bonnardière did. Finally, these findings help us outline the new synchronized chronology of the two series of Augustine’s exegetical homilies for both the years 406/407 and 407/408.

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