The Form and Communicative Impact of Shona Postproverbials

Matatu ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-298
Author(s):  
Zvinashe Mamvura ◽  
Shumirai Nyota
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Internal Property ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Communicative Power ◽  
Communicative Impact

Abstract This article explores the syntax-semantics nexus of Shona postproverbials in the contemporary Zimbabwean society. In terms of syntax, Shona postproverbials are aligned to the following types of sentences found in the Shona language; substantival, verbal, and a combination of both. Like traditional proverbs, there is no postproverbial that takes the form of the ideophonic sentence. The communicative power of postproverbials is an inherent, inbuilt, and internal property stemming from their syntactic and lexical properties. The postproverbial forms, studied in this article, exhibit innovation and ingenuity of the users. The communicative force of the postproverbials arises from the correspondence and cross-correspondence of the structures and grammatical items that constitute them. Congruence and contrast of the lexical items found in the postproverbials also contribute to meanings. The study established that, just like the traditional proverbs, postproverbials are pithy and terse philosophical statements that resonate with a people’s collective experience. In most cases, the postproverbials provide a conduit for people to comment on issues regarded as politically ‘taboo’ and sensitive in a society where the state does not tolerate open criticism.

scholarly journals The Linguistic Features in Egyptian-Authored English Research Article Literature Reviews in Linguistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
Hend Rabie ◽  
Deena Boraie
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Active Voice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
International English

The current study aims at investigating and comparing the linguistic features of lexical items, tense usage, and voice choice in a sample of ten Egyptian-authored linguistics research article (RA) literature reviews (LRs) in local and international English-medium journals between 2013 and 2019. The paper followed a combination of genre-based and corpus-driven approaches, analyzing the data qualitatively and quantitatively. It adopted the state-of-the-art #LancsBox. The analysis revealed interesting differences between both sub-corpora in the use of lexis, especially in Moves 2 and 3. It was found that lexis varied to reflect the different rhetorical functions of the LR. They also differed in the use of the past simple tense. However, both sub-corpora agreed on using the present simple tense and active voice the most. This paper contributes to the literature by providing a helpful guide for Egyptian and novice researchers to use the linguistic features more appropriately in their LRs. It has pedagogical implications for designing EAP and ESP courses. Further studies on larger corpora are needed to analyze the linguistic features and highlight variations across genres, disciplines, and languages.

Fighting “Gooks”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Man
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Third World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Experience

This chapter examines the social experiences of Asian Americans who fought in the Vietnam War. Their collective experience of being racialized as “gooks,” alongside the burgeoning movements for Third World liberation in the United States, drove many Asian American veterans to understand the violence of the war as an intrinsic part of the state-sanctioned violence faced by Asian American and other racialized communities in the United States. Asian American veterans came home from the war and became active participants in the Asian American movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

scholarly journals Indigenous Insider Knowledge and Prison Identity

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey McIntosh ◽  
Stan Coster
Keyword(s):  
Research Participant ◽  
State Constraint ◽  
Prison System ◽  
The State ◽  
Mass Imprisonment ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
Over 40 Years ◽  
Official Information

This article draws on the personal experiences and state documentation of Stan Coster (Ngāti Kahungungu) whose life has been characterised by different forms of state confinement, including over 25 years in prison serving both short and long lags. Through the use of the Official Information Act, Stan recovered state documentation on himself spanning over 40 years. Stan is not a research participant, but a full research collaborator and is engaged in all elements of this paper, so while not a writer he is both auteur and author of this piece. Stan’s story is his own and yet many of its features speak to a much broader collective experience. His prison identity and gang identity can be seen as being both informed and generated by state sponsored activity. By traversing the issues that pertain to the crisis of mass imprisonment, Māori disproportionality in the prison system, the contribution of the state to prison, and gang identity, we look at the possibilities of drawing on knowledge acquired under conditions of state constraint.  

scholarly journals Interlingual competition and functional incompleteness of languages.

Movoznavstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
P. O.  Selihey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Functional Inequality ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Functional Point ◽  
The One ◽  
Communicative Power

The state of mass multilingualism has been developed now in many countries of the world, and not only in post-colonial ones. Depending on the situation, most contemporaries use (actively or passively) two or three languages. The norm today is not monolingualism, but multilingualism. At the same time many societies are characterized by bilingualism not balanced, but vertical — diglossia. Since few people speak several languages equally well, the need to use them interchangeably requires additional effort and causes mental fatigue. The state of monolingualism is more usual and comfortable for a person. Language situations in society also favor the use of predominantly one language at the expense of others. Therefore, diglossia cannot last forever. Those sociolinguists are right who regard it as a temporary condition, an intermediate stage in the transition «primary monolingualism → bilingualism → secondary monolingualism». Such a transition is an inevitable consequence of the victory of a communicatively strong language over a communicatively weak one. If we evaluate the interaction of languages from a functional point of view, it should be recognized that their essence boils down to competition. It arises due to the fact that languages are not distributed once and for all in certain areas, are not ultimately tied to a certain circle of speakers. Languages always rise at the expense of the decline of other ones. If a language expands its area of use, it means that another language leaves this area, and therefore reduces the scope of its use. Of the two competing languages, the winner is the one with the greatest communicative power. The phenomenon when a language ceases to be used in a certain communicative sphere, it is appropriate to denote by the term loss of functionality. A language that does not fulfill all the functions that should be performed by a developed literary language should be recognized as incompletely functional. The current spread of English as a single world language, its dominance in the most prestigious spheres of communication (politics, economics, trade, science, education, culture, the Internet) leads to the fact that national languages are gradually displaced from these spheres, marginalized and eventually devalued. The process can become irreversible and lead to their complete decline as functionally weak. Even those languages that also claim to be global (French, Spanish) or interstate (German, Portuguese, Russian) are losing the competition. As a result of competition, languages begin to differ in the richness of their vocabulary, the elaboration of their syntactic structure, the development of the style system, their prevalence, and their social status. But the main result is functional inequality. A language that has a large communicative load is used in a larger number of areas (or in prestigious areas) and turns out to be functionally dominant. The one that exists in fewer spheres or is used with less intensity turns out to be functionally incomplete. As a result, it turns out to be unable to satisfy all the information needs of its speakers — they are forced to resort to languages with greater communicative power.

scholarly journals GREVE DE 1996 EM PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE –SP: UM OLHAR SOBRE CONSCIÊNCIA DE CLASSE, SINDICALISMO DOCENTE E MULHERES EM LUTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Laiane Vieira dos Santos ◽  
Thiago Granja Belieiro
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Local History ◽  
The State ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
British School ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
Edward Palmer

The presentarticle is inserted in the proposals of studies of regional and local history. The 1996 strike in Presidente Prudentecity, an inner city of the state of São Paulo, focuses on the spontaneous manifestation of awareness of the collective experience that is the strike, determined by individual experiences and collective moments of class. The strike begins on May 6thand ends on June 29th, 1996, resulting in 23 days of striking experience by municipal public officers. Theorizing is through the ideas of the historian Edward Palmer Thompson, inserted in the British school of Marxism, known as cultural Marxism. Concepts such as class, class consciousness and class struggle are thought from the works of the author. The search for understanding (experience and speech) of the subjects of the action, allowed us to delve into theownaction studied, analysis of sources are developed for a better interpretation of the study.

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

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