scholarly journals Indigenous Insider Knowledge and Prison Identity

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey McIntosh ◽  
Stan Coster
Keyword(s):  
Research Participant ◽  
State Constraint ◽  
Prison System ◽  
The State ◽  
Mass Imprisonment ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
Over 40 Years ◽  
Official Information

This article draws on the personal experiences and state documentation of Stan Coster (Ngāti Kahungungu) whose life has been characterised by different forms of state confinement, including over 25 years in prison serving both short and long lags. Through the use of the Official Information Act, Stan recovered state documentation on himself spanning over 40 years. Stan is not a research participant, but a full research collaborator and is engaged in all elements of this paper, so while not a writer he is both auteur and author of this piece. Stan’s story is his own and yet many of its features speak to a much broader collective experience. His prison identity and gang identity can be seen as being both informed and generated by state sponsored activity. By traversing the issues that pertain to the crisis of mass imprisonment, Māori disproportionality in the prison system, the contribution of the state to prison, and gang identity, we look at the possibilities of drawing on knowledge acquired under conditions of state constraint.  

The Form and Communicative Impact of Shona Postproverbials

Matatu ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-298
Author(s):  
Zvinashe Mamvura ◽  
Shumirai Nyota
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Internal Property ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Communicative Power ◽  
Communicative Impact

Abstract This article explores the syntax-semantics nexus of Shona postproverbials in the contemporary Zimbabwean society. In terms of syntax, Shona postproverbials are aligned to the following types of sentences found in the Shona language; substantival, verbal, and a combination of both. Like traditional proverbs, there is no postproverbial that takes the form of the ideophonic sentence. The communicative power of postproverbials is an inherent, inbuilt, and internal property stemming from their syntactic and lexical properties. The postproverbial forms, studied in this article, exhibit innovation and ingenuity of the users. The communicative force of the postproverbials arises from the correspondence and cross-correspondence of the structures and grammatical items that constitute them. Congruence and contrast of the lexical items found in the postproverbials also contribute to meanings. The study established that, just like the traditional proverbs, postproverbials are pithy and terse philosophical statements that resonate with a people’s collective experience. In most cases, the postproverbials provide a conduit for people to comment on issues regarded as politically ‘taboo’ and sensitive in a society where the state does not tolerate open criticism.

scholarly journals Transformation of the Image Status of the Penal System in the Context of the Cyclical Political Genesis of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-604
Author(s):  
Roman A. Romashov ◽  
Vladislav Yu. Panchenko ◽  
Ilyas A. Ermolaev ◽  
Larisa A. Petruchak
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Prison System ◽  
The State ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Prison Systems ◽  
The One

Introduction: being a structural and functional element of the state mechanism (a kind of “state within the state”), the prison system is transforming along with it. Accordingly, the image status of the prison itself and representatives of “prison authorities” and “prison population” is also changing. We bring to the fore the problem of understanding the term “system” in the context of the image status of the social system in general and the penal system in particular. We highlight the formation of semantic images and image statuses on the example of three social institutions (school, army, prison), which are similar in terms of parametric characteristics and functioning and qualitatively different in image status. The article comprehensively examines the bipolar image of the penal system: on the one hand, prison is inextricably linked with human misfortune, an evil that cannot be treated positively; on the other hand, as an instrument of state law enforcement policy, the prison guarantees the inevitability of punishment for a crime, ensuring the execution of punishment, protecting law-abiding citizens, which is a good thing for society and the state. Research materials and methods: the features of formation and functioning of the image status of the Russian penal (“prison”) system are considered in the context of the concept of cyclic political genesis. In accordance with this concept, in relation to the history of the unified Russian state, three cycles should be distinguished (imperial, Soviet, post-Soviet). Within the framework of each, Russia was represented by qualitatively different forms of state government, economic order, social structure, etc. At the same time, in such “different” Russian states, there were different models of prison systems, the formation and functioning of which, as well as the transformation of the image status, was carried out under the influence of state prison policy and under the influence of public consciousness (national mentality). Results: the current state of the Russian penal system can be described as transitional. Along with the legacy of the “Soviet past”, we observe serious changes proceeding from democratization and humanization of the political and legal system of the Russian Federation. Transformation of the image of the penal system is aimed at increasing the level of openness and forming a positive opinion about the functioning of the penitentiary system (the Concept for development until 2030). It is important that in the public consciousness the image of the penal system as a predominantly punitive prison system gradually be replaced by the idea of it as a penitentiary system, which is concerned primarily with “revival of the essence of humanity” in a person through awareness and repentance. As for the image status of employees of the penal system, the state can optimize it first of all by equalizing their official status with that of military personnel and special services employees, who, like representatives of the prison system, serve the Russian state, but are in a privileged position in relation to them. Increasing the prestige of the service in the penal system in the eyes of actual or potential employees implies the rejection of such differentiation.

scholarly journals Kharkiv in the Period of Interpower: Maintenance of Law in the City at the End of 1918

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The State ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The City ◽  
Official Information

The article deals with the situation in the city of Kharkiv at the end of 1918. At this time, Ukraine was experiencing the completion of one more historical stage, preparing for new, more turbulent and tragic events. German troops which have been the guarantors of security of the state over the past ten months were evacuated from its territory, a popular uprising broke out against the hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky, the republican authorities that recognized the Directory were forming slowly, local Bolsheviks and other left-wing groups were getting noticeably more active. In December 1918 all these forces were represented in the provincial Kharkiv. Some of them, for example, the German command and the hetman's guard, tried to transfer power to their successors in an organized manner. Others, on the contrary, tried to get to the controls as soon as possible. This multi-power lasted about a month, which became a real ordeal for the inhabitants of the city. Kharkovites tried to figure out a kaleidoscope of political developments, a variety of orders and decrees, the intricacies of official information and street rumors. Meanwhile, the criminal situation became more and more threatening: gangs of looters raged in rural districts, and shots were fired more often in Kharkiv itself. In the second half of December, the number of the city shops robberies became impressive. At that time, several influential forces were engaged in law enforcement: the German commandant’s office, the hetman’s guard, Directory fighters and socialist squads. However, all their efforts did not give the desired result, and ordinary Kharkovites were forced to organize self-defense units to protect their own homes. The culmination of anarchy in the city was the Bolshevik uprising on January 1–2, 1919, as a result of which Kharkiv was captured by armed units of the Red Army.

STOCK MARKET IN A PANDEMIC, TRENDS IN ITS DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT ON THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OF STATES

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Gribanich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
The State ◽  
Securities Market ◽  
Source Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Graphical Presentation ◽  
Official Information ◽  
Systematic Collection

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of the stock market, its stages of development and the impact on the economic conjuncture of countries. The relevance of studies on the development of the stock market in modern realities is growing every day, the number of transactions also grows steadily despite the pandemic, and that forms huge cash flows. The purpose of the study carried out in the article is not only to identify the influence of the stock market on the development of countries in modern conditions, but also to conduct a statistical analysis of data reflecting the state of the main stock exchange indices in a pandemic, as well as to assess the state of the securities market in 2019 and 2020 and work out forecasts for its future development. Several methods were used in the work: analysis of official information sources, statistical observation (systematic collection of information), grouping of the source data, their graphical presentation, as well as building diagrams.

Accommodating the multi-state constraint Kalman filter for visual-inertial navigation in a moving and stationary flight

2022 ◽  
pp. 095441002110297
Author(s):  
Arshiya Mahmoudi ◽  
Mahdi Mortazavi ◽  
Mehdi Sabzehparvar
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Kalman Filters ◽  
Inertial Navigation ◽  
State Constraint ◽  
The State ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Minor Error ◽  
State Augmentation ◽  
Low Speeds

For more than a decade, the multi-state constraint Kalman filter is used for visual-inertial navigation. Its advantages are the light-weight calculations, consistency, and similarity to the current mature GPS/INS Kalman filters. For using it in an airborne platform, an important deficiency exists. It diverges while the object stops moving. In this work, this deficiency is accounted for, by changing the state augmentation and measurement update policy from a time-based to horizontal travel-based scheme, and by reusing the oldest tracked point over and over. Besides the computational savings, it works infinitely with no extra errors in full-stops and with minor error build up in very low speeds.

How and Why Has the Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan Changed since 2011?

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-52
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abu Rumman ◽  
Neven Bondokji
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Campaigning ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
The Arab Spring

In the wake of the Arab Spring, many younger members of the Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan left the movement, especially after 2015, establishing new political parties due to ideological shifts over the nature of the state and questions of civil liberties. Four factors influenced this transformation: identity crisis, the movement's organizational rigidity, members' personal experiences during and after the uprisings, and a growing desire to separate political campaigning from religious outreach.

scholarly journals Contamination of overt data with covert data

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
James Pickles
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Research Participant ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Personal Experiences

A research project was conducted which explored LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) hate crime. Participants were invited to share their narratives and personal experiences of hate crime, discrimination and violence through semi-structured interviews. The study helped us understand how people who experience ‘hate’ responded to, managed and reconciled the identities for which they were victimized. This case study focuses on a situation where a research participant requested a copy of an interview they gave for the hate crime project. The interview copy was to be used for the participant’s own personal purposes. The participant’s request potentially risked the contamination of ethical (overt) data collection, with their own covert data gathering. The ethical implications of this scenario raise many questions for ethicists and researchers to discuss.

scholarly journals Generic, specific and direct object of a crime under the Article 330 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Boichuk
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The State ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Direct Objects ◽  
State Secrets ◽  
Official Information

The author has carried out the research of one of the mandatory elements of corpus delicti under the Art. 330 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine – its object. In the course of its analysis, the author has considered general classification of objects of a crime generally adopted in the doctrine of criminal law of Ukraine (depending on the degree of generalization of the social relations protected by the criminal law, which are the objects of various crimes) into general, generic, specific and direct ones. The concept and essence of general, generic, specific and direct objects of a crime under the Art. 330 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, are determined on the basis of views on the object from the standpoint of the theory of social relations. It has been emphasized that general, generic, specific and direct objects of a crime under the Art. 330 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine constitute a system, that is, they are not just a simple set, but are in interdependence. The link element through which the system of objects of this crime is formed is defined as the general sphere of social activity, where the mentioned social relations arise, develop and operate, namely, the national security of Ukraine. Thus, all social relations, which are put under the protection of Section XIV of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, arise and function in general in order to safeguard the interests of Ukraine’s national security. Generic object of a crime under the Art. 330 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, has been defined as social relations existing with regard to the security of state secrets and official information gathered in the course of operative and search, counter-intelligence activities, in the field of the country defense, as well as the security of the state border of Ukraine and military security in terms of providing draft call and mobilization. Accordingly, the specific object of this crime is more narrow range of specific social relations that are associated with ensuring the state of information security. It was formulated as social relations that exist with regard to the security of state secrets and official information gathered in the process of operative and search, counter-intelligence activities, in the field of the country defense. The direct object of a criminal act under the Art. 330 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, was admitted as social relations that exist with regard to the security of official information gathered in the process of operative and search, counter-intelligence activities, in the field of the country defense. The author has revealed the systemic nature of interrelations between the generic, specific and the direct object of a crime, stipulated by the Art. 330 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.

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