The Quest for the Holy Grail and the Dutch Integrated Approach to Nitrogen: How to Align Adaptive Management Strategies with the EU Nature Directives?

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-217
Author(s):  
Hendrik Schoukens
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Experimental Management ◽  
Economic Developments

The concept of adaptive management is generally defined as a flexible decision-making process that can be adjusted in the face of uncertainties as outcomes of management actions and other events become better understood. These experimental management strategies, which may grant permit agencies more discretion to authorise economic developments, have become increasingly popular as tools to overcome deadlock scenarios in the context of the EU Nature Directives. One notable application is the Dutch Programmatic Approach to Nitrogen (Programma Aanpak Stikstof – PAS ), which puts forward a more reconciliatory and integrated approach towards permitting additional nitrogen emissions in the vicinity of Natura 2000 sites. The purpose of this paper is to use the Dutch PAS as a benchmark to explore the margins available within the EU Nature Directives to implement more flexible adaptive management strategies. This paper argues that the Dutch PAS, especially taking into account the immediate trade-off that is provided between future restoration actions and ongoing harmful effects, appears to stand at odds with the substantive underpinning of the EU Nature Directives. As a result, its concrete application might be stalled through legal actions which advocate for a more restrictive approach to the authorization of additional impacts on vulnerable EU protected nature. It therefore remains highly doubtful whether the Dutch PAS is to be presented as a textbook example of a genuine sustainable management strategy within the context of EU environmental law.

Experimental management for Snake River spring–summer chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): trade-offs between conservation and learning for a threatened species

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M Paulsen ◽  
Richard A Hinrichsen
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Evolutionarily Significant Unit ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Population Viability Analyses ◽  
Experimental Management ◽  
Power Analyses

Using Snake River spring–summer chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) as an example, we explore trade-offs between conservation (restoring population abundance to self-sustaining levels) and learning (reliably estimating how management strategies affect productivity). The population has been studied extensively, especially since 1992, when the evolutionarily significant unit (ESU) was listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Understanding both the conservation and learning dimensions is crucial in evaluating management actions. Using a Bayesian simulation model calibrated with 40+ years of spawner–recruit estimates, we performed population viability analyses to examine the biological risks of an array of management strategies. We also performed power analyses to estimate the precision of estimates of the actions' effects. The results suggest that if one can take actions that increase productivity and manage those actions as experiments, one can simultaneously increase fish numbers and reduce the uncertainty about the effects of those actions. However, because more powerful experiments will utilize controls where no action is taken, an experimental approach may increase risks to the ESU when compared to a strategy that tries to maximize productivity as soon as possible.

Adaptive Management Strategies of Local Communities in Two Amazonian Floodplain Ecosystems in the Face of Extreme Climate Events

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Vieira da Cunha Ávila ◽  
Charles R. Clement ◽  
André Braga Junqueira ◽  
Tamara Ticktin ◽  
Angela May Steward
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Extreme Climate Events ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Floodplain Ecosystems ◽  
The Face ◽  
Climate Events

Adaptive management: making recurrent decisions in the face of uncertainty

2021 ◽  
pp. 313-328
Author(s):  
James D. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Model Development ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Information State ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Wise Decision ◽  
The Face ◽  
Development State

The key to wise decision-making in disciplines such as conservation, wildlife management, and epidemiology is the ability to predict consequences of management actions on focal systems. Predicted consequences are evaluated relative to programme objectives in order to select the favoured action. Predictions are typically based on mathematical models developed to represent hypotheses about management effects on system dynamics. For populations ranging from large mammals to plant communities to bacterial pathogens, demographic modelling is often the approach favoured for model development. State variables of such models may be population abundance, density, occupancy, or species richness, with corresponding vital rates such as rates of reproduction, survival, local extinction, and local colonisation. A key source of uncertainty that characterises such modelling efforts is the nature of relationships between management actions and vital rates. Adaptive management is a form of structured decision-making developed for decision problems that are recurrent and characterised by such structural uncertainty. One approach to incorporating this uncertainty is to base decisions on multiple models, each of which makes different predictions according to its underlying hypothesis. An information state of model weights carries information about the relative predictive abilities of the models. Monitoring of system state variables provides information about system responses, and comparison of these responses with model-based predictions provides a basis for updating the information state. Decisions emphasise the better-predicting model(s), leading to better decisions as the process proceeds. Adaptive management can thus produce optimal decisions now, while simultaneously reducing uncertainty for even better management in the future.

Serviços ecossistêmicos prestados por recifes de coral nas ilhas de Tinharé e Boipeba, Baixo Sul da Bahia, Brasil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Isobel Elliff
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Shoreline Protection ◽  
Fringing Reefs ◽  
Integrated Valuation ◽  
Reef Decline

Coral reefs provide important ecosystem services to coastal communities. The Archipelago of Tinhar?e andBoipeba, Bahia, Brazil, are mostly surrounded by fringing reefs, which have undergone several chronichuman impacts. The objective of the present study was to apply an ecosystem-based approach byanalyzing the ecosystem services provided by the coral reefs of the Archipelago of Tinhar?e and Boipeba inorder to support management actions and serve as a tool for coastal management. Ecosystem serviceswere assessed through the observation of environmental indicators of their occurrence and by using asuite of models from the Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) softwarecombined with data from the Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) protocol database. Theservices of greatest occurrence were food provision, habitat maintenance, shoreline protection andrecreation. While the main stressful factors were tourism activities, the absence of a sewage system andfisheries. The coral reefs presented potential for shoreline protection along 50.5% of the islands. Moreover,46.8% of the shoreline would present moderate to high vulnerability in case of coral reef disappearance.The coincidence of areas with high risk of loss in the capacity to provide services and highvulnerability in the scenario of absence of reefs is concerning. Thus, the current model for tourism usedin the area should be altered, as should new management strategies be implemented, which can bringbenefits and avoid reef decline.

Strategies to improve implementation of adaptive management practices for restoration in coastal Louisiana

Shore & Beach ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Tim Carruthers ◽  
Richard Raynie ◽  
Alyssa Dausman ◽  
Syed Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Coastal Restoration ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Coastal Louisiana ◽  
Restoration Effort

Natural resources of coastal Louisiana support the economies of Louisiana and the whole of the United States. However, future conditions of coastal Louisiana are highly uncertain due to the dynamic processes of the Mississippi River delta, unpredictable storm events, subsidence, sea level rise, increasing temperatures, and extensive historic management actions that have altered natural coastal processes. To address these concerns, a centralized state agency was formed to coordinate coastal protection and restoration effort, the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA). This promoted knowledge centralization and supported informal adaptive management for restoration efforts, at that time mostly funded through the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA). Since the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in 2010 and the subsequent settlement, the majority of restoration funding for the next 15 years will come through one of the DWH mechanisms; Natural Resource and Damage Assessment (NRDA), the RESTORE Council, or National Fish and Wildlife Foundation –Gulf Environmental Benefit Fund (NFWF-GEBF). This has greatly increased restoration effort and increased governance complexity associated with project funding, implementation, and reporting. As a result, there is enhanced impetus to formalize and unify adaptive management processes for coastal restoration in Louisiana. Through synthesis of input from local coastal managers, historical and current processes for project and programmatic implementation and adaptive management were summarized. Key gaps and needs to specifically increase implementation of adaptive management within the Louisiana coastal restoration community were identified and developed into eight tangible and specific recommendations. These were to streamline governance through increased coordination amongst implementing entities, develop a discoverable and practical lessons learned and decision database, coordinate ecosystem reporting, identify commonality of restoration goals, develop a common cross-agency adaptive management handbook for all personnel, improve communication (both in-reach and outreach), have a common repository and clearing house for numerical models used for restoration planning and assessment, and expand approaches for two-way stakeholder engagement throughout the restoration process. A common vision and maximizing synergies between entities can improve adaptive management implementation to maximize ecosystem and community benefits of restoration effort in coastal Louisiana. This work adds to current knowledge by providing specific strategies and recommendations, based upon extensive engagement with restoration practitioners from multiple state and federal agencies. Addressing these practitioner-identified gaps and needs will improve engagement in adaptive management in coastal Louisiana, a large geographic area with high restoration implementation within a complex governance framework.

Classroom Management Actions of Beginning Urban Teachers

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Beginning Teachers ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Urban Teachers ◽  
First Year Teachers ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Classroom Management Strategies ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Relational Strategies

This descriptive, mixed methods study of one interim certification program explores first year urban teachers’ classroom management actions. This study investigates what strategies teachers implement to manage the classroom from programmatic surveys of 87 first-year teachers and interviews, field visits, video recordings, and journals of five case participants. Results indicate that teachers used behavioral, academic, and relational strategies to manage the classroom and they tend to refine several of these actions over time. Findings suggest that teacher preparation should promote beginning teachers to implement a range of classroom management strategies and support teachers in how to refine their actions.

A cradle-to-cradle analysis in the toner cartridge supply chain using fuzzy recycling production approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Wei Lin ◽  
Shiou-Yun Jeng ◽  
Ming-Lang Tseng ◽  
Raymond Tan
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Green Product ◽  
Production Plan ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cradle To Cradle

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated approach for a green product cradle-to-cradle (C2C) fuzzy recycling production planning model. Design/methodology/approach This paper applies the failure mode and effects analysis technique and Taguchi experimental design method, develops a green product C2C performance evaluation system that considers the fuzzy impacts of environmental laws and regulations, green goodwill, and environmental efficiency of targeting countries, and decides both the optimal green production plan and estimated optimal life cycles. Findings This study compares the different degree of maturity in environmental regulations, and various recycling situations are simulated to demonstrate the successful applicability of the proposed model as well as the incentive policy for Taiwan, the USA and Bangladesh. Originality/value Previous studies failed both to develop a holistic recycling production plan which is able to consider both the optimal combination of recycled components used and final green products produced with the maximum total resultant sales profit and to consider the potential failure phenomenon of recycled components adopted in the final product. Furthermore, most prior studies ignored the influence of environmental law, goodwill of the product and the efficiency of recycling mechanism of the community.

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