Indispensability and Indefensibility? The United States in the Climate Treaty Negotiations

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shardul Agrawala ◽  
Steinar Andresen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treaty Negotiations ◽  
Climate Treaty

Council of Foreign Ministers

1950 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-342
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treaty Negotiations ◽  
Post War ◽  
Foreign Ministers

The Council of Foreign Ministers Deputies on the Austrian Treaty reopened their sessions in London on January 9, 1950. At the first meeting the Soviet deputy (Zarubin) reported that he was without instructions and was still awaiting conclusion of Soviet-Austrian negotiations on Austria's payments for post-war supplies and services by the USSR. After several subsequent meetings at which Mr. Zarubin was still without instructions, the United States, United Kingdom, and French ambassadors in Moscow protested to Deputy Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko against the delays encountered in the treaty negotiations. The three ambassadors requested “assurances” that the treaty negotiations would not be further delayed but did not receive them.

Antarctic arms control as past precedent

Polar Record ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-333
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Musto
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Arms Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treaty Negotiations ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractThe 1959 Antarctic Treaty made Antarctica the world’s first and only demilitarised continent, the world’s first denuclearised zone, and pioneered a comprehensive inspections system. This article explores Antarctic arms control as past precedent. It finds that the United States, which spearheaded the Antarctic Treaty negotiations, initially rationalised arms control in Antarctica as an isolated endeavour. Yet its potential elsewhere quickly appealed to various officials involved in the treaty negotiations and aligned with public perception. Subsequent initiatives for arms control took broad inspiration from the Antarctic Treaty, but regional differences limited specific adaptations.

Climate Change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Romm
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Making A Difference ◽  
Climate Treaty ◽  
Clear And Present Danger ◽  
Combat Climate Change ◽  
The Right

This is, for my money, the best single-source primer on the state of climate change. (New York Magazine) “The right book at the right time: accessible, comprehensive, unflinching, humane.” (The Daily Beast) “A must-read.” (The Guardian) The essential primer on what will be the defining issue of our time, CLIMATE CHANGE: What Everyone Needs to Know® is a clear-eyed overview of the science, conflicts, and implications of our warming planet. From Joseph Romm, Chief Science Advisor for National Geographic’s Years of Living Dangerously series and one of Rolling Stone’s “100 people who are changing America,” CLIMATE CHANGE offers user-friendly, scientifically rigorous answers to the most difficult (and commonly politicized) questions surrounding what climatologist Lonnie Thompson has deemed “a clear and present danger to civilization.” Questions about climate change addressed in this guide include:· How will climate change affect day-to-day life in the coming decades? · What are the implications of owning coastal property in the age of climate change? · Is retirement to South Florida (or the U.S. Southwest, or even Southern Europe) safe? · What are the implications of the United States’ withdrawal from the Paris climate treaty? · What does Donald Trump’s presidency mean for climate action in the United States and around the globe? · Are efforts to combat climate change making a difference? As the global response to climate change continues to evolve, CLIMATE CHANGE: What Everyone Needs to Know® offers smart, unblemished answers to the most difficult questions in an area dogged by misunderstanding and politicization.

Aftermath

2018 ◽  
pp. 285-320
Author(s):  
Susan Sleeper-Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Land Loss ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Indian People ◽  
Treaty Negotiations ◽  
The U.S

St. Clair’s defeat left Indians in control of the lands north of the Ohio River and interrupted the United States’ western movement. The president needed several years to reorganize, recruit, and intensively train a larger army that was capable of defeating the Pan-Indian Confederacy. Washington’s shift from confrontation to peace was political posturing, a way of playing it safe until a larger, well-trained army could ensure U.S. victory. Washington appointed Rufus Putnam to negotiate with Indians and to formulate a “peace policy.” To do so, Putnam released the Indian women from U.S. captivity and held a peace conference at Vincennes. The Vincennes treaty negotiations were unique because of the large number of Indian women who attended the conference. Women far outnumbered men. Despite their harsh year of imprisonment, these Indian women refused to cede any additional lands to the U.S. Orators reinforced their message, demanding that peace be secured by the U.S. and that the federal government ensure that the Ohio River remain the boundary line between the United States and Indian people. Speakers at this conference repeatedly linked women to the land, invoking the extreme grief, or “weeping,” associated with land loss.

On the Economic Cost to Panama of Negotiating a Peaceful Solution to the Panama Canal Question

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-521
Author(s):  
Alfred E. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
Popular Opinion ◽  
Canal Zone ◽  
Treaty Negotiations ◽  
The Republic

Negotiating a treaty between two sovereign nations is no simple matter. Even when there is consensus that a new accord is long overdue, a solution acceptable to both governments and their most vocal constituencies is most elusive and often difficult to conclude within a reasonable period of time. This is especially true when there is strong popular opinion aroused on both sides. Discussions usually drag on, and while diplomats publicly agree that “progress is being made,” there are significant political and economic benefits unrealized by either or both countries involved in the negotiation proceedings (Lopez Guevara, 1976).The present treaty negotiations between the Republic of Panama and the United States of America is a case in point. That Panamanian public opinion is aroused on the Canal issue is indicated by the 1964 Canal Zone border incidents in which twenty-one Panamanians and three Americans died and by subsequent demonstrations.

scholarly journals The ICRMW and the US: Substantive Overlap, Political Gap

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Lyon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Treaty Ratification ◽  
American States ◽  
Treaty Negotiations ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
The Us

The United States has never seriously considered signing the UN International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (ICRMW, Migrant Workers Convention, the Convention). Despite the country’s close involvement with negotiating the Convention, the United States has shown no interest in the treaty since its promulgation in 1990. The major countries of migrant employment that initially participated in negotiating the Convention set it aside, and the treaty now has only 38 signatories and 51 state parties. The European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee, and the Organization of American States have all favorably reported on the ICRMW and called on the countries in those regions to ratify it. However, there are obstacles to immediate ratification by countries of employment, including prominently the “fear to be among the first” and domestic anti-immigrant sentiment. Even as the Convention slowly accrues country-of-origin ratifications, advocates and officials in many countries of employment are undertaking pre-ratification studies of the treaty. The United States, however, has not yet assessed the Migrant Workers Convention in a substantive way. The United States’ delay in engaging the Convention fits the country’s past human rights treaty ratification processes. When it does consider the ICRMW, the United States is likely to heavily restrict ratification of the Convention, just as it has in ratifying previous human rights treaties. This chapter describes the United States’ substantive objections during the treaty negotiations, and points out that most of the passages that were objectionable at the time were or have since become part of U.S. law.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

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