scholarly journals Corporate Governance and the Environmental Politics of Shipping

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-166
Author(s):  
Justin Alger ◽  
Jane Lister ◽  
Peter Dauvergne
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Environmental Politics ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Oligopolistic Market ◽  
Political Leverage

Abstract A handful of companies dominate the world’s shipping industry. These firms have gained political leverage over the global governance of container shipping in particular. Intriguingly, in recent years the Danish conglomerate Maersk—the world’s biggest container and shipping vessel company since the mid-1990s—has been using its influence to push for higher environmental standards for the industry as a whole. To some extent these initiatives are helping to promote environmental efficiencies, cleaner fuels, and greener technology. But they are also raising costs for small and midsized companies with extremely low profit margins, further enhancing the competitiveness of the biggest shipping conglomerates in an increasingly oligopolistic market. While voluntary self-governance by companies such as Maersk is incrementally improving the environmental management of global shipping, it is also further concentrating governance power within a few transnational corporations, potentially taking more ambitious regulation off the agenda.

scholarly journals Corporate governance and proactive environmental management in Novo Hamburgo and neighbouring cities, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (2 suppl) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Naime ◽  
FR Spilki ◽  
CA Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Industrial Association ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Environmental Auditing ◽  
Vertical Permeability ◽  
Voluntary Certification

<p>This study compiled data on environmental auditing and voluntary certification of environment-friendly businesses of the Commercial and Industrial Association of Novo Hamburgo, Campo Bom and Estância Velha and analysed them according to classical environmental management principles: sustainable development and corporate governance. It assessed the level of application of the concepts of corporate governance to everyday business in companies and organisations and estimated how the interconnection and vertical permeability of these concepts might help to make bureaucratic environmental management systemic, proactive and evaluative, changes that may add great value to the operations evaluated. Results showed that, when analysing only audited items not directly defined in legislation, no significant changes were identified. The inclusion of more advanced indices may promote the transition from bureaucratic management, which meets regulated environmental standards only satisfactorily, into proactive and systemic environmental management, which adds value to companies and helps to perpetuate them. Audited and analysed data did not reveal actions that depend on the internal redistribution of power and the interconnection or verticality of attitudes that may materialize concepts of corporate governance.</p>

Analysis of the implementation of environmental standards in the sphere of hospitality

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
E.Y. Nikolskaya ◽  
G.M. Dekhtyar ◽  
M.E. Uspenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Foreign Experience

The article discusses the main advantages of the implementation of environmental standards, as well as an analysis of foreign experience and its adaptation in Russia, provides recommendations on the development of environmental management in Russia.

CETREL's environmental management system (BS-7750): an advanced and innovative project

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-237
Author(s):  
F. A. Pereira ◽  
A. B. Kauss
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Management System ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
The Government

This paper analyses all of the activities carried out by CETREL to establish its Environmental Management System - EMS. This system encompasses all of CETREL's environmental protection efforts: treatment of industrial effluents and residues; environmental monitoring (soil, air, groundwater, rivers and the sea); wildlife preservation programme, environmental education programme, among other activities. CETREL's EMS is a mid-sized system consisting of nearly 425 Instruments (244 Procedures and 181 Work Instructions). The size of the system was selected based on British Standard BS-7750, which provides the principal tools that will allow the organisation to continually maximise beneficial environmental effects while minimising adverse environmental effects. Since the EMS in question is a voluntary one, the result of initiatives taken by CETREL itself, the system's design and architecture were chosen so that the Company's environmental standards would be more stringent than those in the environmental legislation, that is, stricter than the government-mandated environmental requirements.

Is There Hope for the Global Environment? A Discussion of Prospective Parent Corporation Liability for a Subsidiary's Environmental Practices Abroad

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-189
Author(s):  
Amelia Tuminaro
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Environmental Response ◽  
Foreign Subsidiaries ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Environmental Practices ◽  
Prospective Parent ◽  
Forum Non Conveniens

U.S. parent corporations should be held liable for environmental pollution caused by their foreign subsidiaries. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) already holds parent corporations liable in some ways for pollution caused by domestic subsidiaries. Regulations similar to CERCLA's could be applied extraterritorially and would be facilitated by abrogation of two common law principles: limited liability and forum non conveniens. Extraterritorial application of U.S. environmental regulations would greatly enhance transnational corporations' environmental behavior and facilitate just adjudication of plaintiffs' claims against irresponsible companies. Establishing the corporate parent's liability and upholding U.S. environmental standards in such cases would end many current hazardous practices that create pollution in developing countries.

scholarly journals Rapid Truck Loading for Efficient Feedstock Logistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
Robert “Bobby” Grisso ◽  
John Cundiff ◽  
Subhash C. Sarin
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Exchange Time ◽  
Productivity Factor ◽  
Truck Loading ◽  
Storage Location ◽  
Experienced Operator ◽  
Optimum Productivity ◽  
Feedstock Logistics

A multi-bale handling unit offers an advantage for the efficient hauling of round bales. Two empty racks on trailers are left at a satellite storage location for loading while a truck tractor delivers two loaded racks to the biorefinery, thus uncoupling the loading and hauling operations and increasing the efficiency of both. The projected 10 min trailer exchange time equals the projected 10 min unload time at the biorefinery achieved by lifting off the two full racks and replacing them with two empties, a technology adapted from the container shipping industry. A concept is presented for a bale loader that latches onto the rack/trailer and loads bales into the bottom tier chambers. This machine will load 10 bales into the rack on the front trailer by attaching on to the front of the trailer and 10 bales into the rear trailer by attaching onto the rear. A telehandler removes bales from single-layer storage and places them in the bale loader to load the bottom tier compartments. The top tier compartments are loaded directly from the top. Expectations are that an experienced operator can average 9 loads in a 10 h workday, and load-out cost is estimated as 3.61 USD/Mg, assuming the average achieved load-out productivity over annual operation is 60% of optimum productivity (24 Mg/h) equal to 14.4 Mg/h. Cost increases to 4.81 USD/Mg when the productivity factor drops to 45%, and cost is 3.09 USD/Mg for a factor of 70%.

scholarly journals An Energy Consumption Approach to Estimate Air Emission Reductions in Container Shipping

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Ernest Czermański ◽  
Giuseppe T. Cirella ◽  
Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek ◽  
Barbara Pawłowska ◽  
Theo Notteboom
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Container shipping is the largest producer of emissions within the maritime shipping industry. Hence, measures have been designed and implemented to reduce ship emission levels. IMO’s MARPOL Annex VI, with its future plan of applying Tier III requirements, the Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships, and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan for all ships. To assist policy formulation and follow-up, this study applies an energy consumption approach to estimate container ship emissions. The volumes of sulphur oxide (SOx), nitrous oxide (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from container ships are estimated using 2018 datasets on container shipping and average vessel speed records generated via AIS. Furthermore, the estimated reductions in SOx, NOx, PM, and CO2 are mapped for 2020. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the energy consumption approach is a valuable method to estimate ongoing emission reductions on a continuous basis and to fill data gaps where needed, as the latest worldwide container shipping emissions records date back to 2015. The presented analysis supports early-stage detection of environmental impacts in container shipping and helps to determine in which areas the greatest potential for emission reductions can be found.

Drastic Freight Increase for Containerized Cargo in the Pandemic Era: Lack of Mutual Commitment

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Ahmet Selcuk Basarici ◽  
Turker Bas
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Freight Rates ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Problematic Relationship ◽  
Shipping Line ◽  
Line Relationship

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has seriously damaged the operational harmony of container shipping. Initially, it led to a decrease in the overall throughput of containerized cargo. The industry has faced blank sailings and a lack of container equipment after rising container demand. Operational harmony has not been established for more than a year. Extremely increased freight rates have unprecedently put the shippers in a difficult situation. This study examines the circumstances in terms of the shipper and shipping line relationship and underscores the loose commitment between them. Accordingly, this study questions the mutual commitment of this relationship. This institutionally problematic relationship has become prominent in terms of its consequences in the COVID-19 pandemic era. The problematic part of this relationship is discussed through discourse samples representing different branches of the container shipping industry, using the discourse analysis methodology supported by the literature review. The findings indicate that both shippers and shipping lines recognize that a commitment-based relationship requires decisiveness; however, their priorities in the pandemic era overshadow it. Their mutual commitment may help to alleviate the consequences of any chaos in the future of container shipping, which requires critical projection.

Green Environment and Management

2018 ◽  
pp. 100-116
Author(s):  
Fatma Ince
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
Global Competition ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter on environmental management system (EMS) addresses the relationship between organizational factors and environmental goals. Because the increasing awareness about environment affects the related groups and forces the firms have an environmental approach. The global competition, regulations and other pressures can change the tools of the sustainability. So, the firms start to consider an environmental management system as an innovative instrument as well as an adaptation strategy. Because, environmental standards and policies give the firm an opportunity to improve the business performance. From this viewpoint, this chapter provides an overview of the context, organizational drivers and implementation of the EMS.

Business Intelligence in Corporate Governance and Business Processes Management

2013 ◽  
pp. 249-269
Author(s):  
Alexander Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Maximum Cost ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
The U.S

Today is the time of transnational corporations and large companies. They bring to their shareholders and owners the major profits, and they are the main sponsors of scientific and technological progress. However, the extensive way of its development is not possible for environmental, marketing, resource, and many other reasons. So, the main field of competition between companies becomes a fight for the client, the individualization of approach to him, and the maximum cost reduction. At the same time, a series of scandals that erupted in the early 2000s with such major corporations as Enron Corporation, WorldCom, Tyco International, Adelphia, and Peregrine Systems has shown that the system of corporate governance, on which depends the welfare of hundreds of thousands of people, requires serious improvements in terms of transparency and openness. In this regard, the U.S. adopted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, under which management companies legally obliged to prove that his decisions are based on reliable, relevant, credible and accurate information (Devenport & Harris, 2010).

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