A brief response to Fellner and Hill’s “Word families, allofams, and the comparative method”

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zev HANDEL
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Central Focus ◽  
Word Families ◽  
Current State ◽  
Volume Level ◽  
Comparative Reconstruction ◽  
Historical Comparative

Abstract In a recent article, Fellner & Hill (this volume) level a strong critique against what they view as the misguided prevailing methodology of historical-comparative reconstruction in the Sino-Tibetan (aka Trans-Himalayan) language family. The central focus of their criticism is the assembling of “word families” and the reconstruction of ST proto-forms exhibiting variation to account for those word families. In this response, I argue that the methodology is basically sound and is appropriate to the current state of our knowledge. At the same time, I dispute some of the assertions made by Fellner & Hill, which I believe are mischaracterizations of the methods and assumptions underlying the work of Sino-Tibetan scholars.

scholarly journals Damages for Personal Injuries – in Labour and Service Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-298
Author(s):  
Leopold Skoruša ◽  
Ondřej Horák ◽  
Radim Vičar ◽  
Tomáš Zbořil
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Current State ◽  
Public Area ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Service Relationship

Abstract The contribution will be devoted to the comparison of damages for non-proprietary loss in public and private sphere. The regulation of service relationship will be analysed in public area, in private area the legal regulation of health injuries in labour law. The aim of the contribution will be a critical analysis of the current state of legal regulation and the proposal de lege ferenda (approximation with labour law). The addressed question is of a fundamental importance for the area of public finances, the functioning of the public area and the enforcement of the rule of law. The historical-comparative method will be used. Particular attention will be paid to the transfer of damages for personal injury to the heir – while in service relationship, such claims terminate (not transferred to the heir), which was taken from the 1960s legislation. They do not terminate after the death in current private law, if recognized or at least claimed in court. Originally, the regulation of damages in public and private law was comparable; however, after the modernization of the private law (2012/14), the protection of persons in service and their relatives becomes weaker, even though it has traditionally been contrary to it in most institutes. Different legal regulations in labour and service law are baseless in the case of damages. The authors propose to modernize the relevant laws, to bring them closer to the Labour Code, both in the possibility of a reasonable increase in damages and in the transfer of damages for pain and diminished social function to the heir.

Construction- Based Historical-Comparative Reconstruction

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jóhanna Barðdal
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
European Language ◽  
Comparative Reconstruction ◽  
Historical Comparative

This chapter examines the application of the constructional approach to syntactic reconstruction. It argues that a constructional approach to language is an optimal theoretical framework for reconstructing syntax, and explains that a constructional approach overcomes some of the alleged difficulties with syntactic reconstruction. The chapter outlines the basic premises of historical-comparative reconstruction and how the comparative method works in practice. It also shows how Construction Grammar may contribute to historical-comparative syntactic reconstruction by reconstructing one particular argument structure construction for Proto-Indo-European language.

scholarly journals When research met policy: a history of innovation and a complicated relationship in three Swedish development projects in mathematics education, 1960–2018

ZDM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Prytz
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
School Governance ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Major Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Contemporary Development

AbstractThis paper concerns the relationship between research and governance policy in three Swedish major development projects in mathematics education: the New Math project (1960–1975), the PUMP project (1970–1980), and the Boost for Mathematics project in (2012–2016). All three projects were driven or financed by the Swedish central school authorities. Using a historical comparative method, this study deepens the understanding of how research co-exists with governance policy when preparing innovations in mathematics education. The main historical sources are official reports and governmental decisions concerning the three projects. The analysis is focused on the nature of the innovations of each project and the role of researchers in the process of creating the innovations. The analysis highlights the theories and the methods involved in those processes. The three projects are also positioned in a context of school governance policy. In Sweden, the prevailing school governing policy changed from a highly centralised governance in the 1960s to a highly decentralised governance in the 2010s. The paper concludes by discussing to what degree the researchers adhered to principles of research or school governance; in particular, the Boost for Mathematics project is considered in this regard. The relevance of the paper in relation to the emerging field of implementation research in mathematics education concerns how historical studies can give new insights about contemporary development projects in mathematics education.

A review of Fellner and Hill’s “Word families, allofams, and the comparative method”

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham THURGOOD
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
The State ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Word Families ◽  
Working Out

Abstract Fellner and Hill (this volume) argue that the recourse to the notion of word families has prevented scholars specializing in Sino-Tibetan comparative linguistics from working out regular sound correspondences. This paper disputes this evaluation of the state of the art in the field, and suggests that F&H’s appraisal is due to severe misunderstandings.

HISTORIOGRAPHY OF HISTORY OF THE STAVROPOL COSSACKS: KEY ASPECTS OF STUDYING THE REGIONAL COSSACK GROUP’S PAST

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
K.A. Ushmaeva ◽  
◽  
A.S. Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Pedagogical Tools ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Economic Ties

This study is devoted to the study of relevant works on the history of the Stavropol Cossacks, works in the field of education of the Stavropol Cossacks as an independent Cossack group, trade, cultural and economic ties in the Stavropol Territory, spiritual life, language, culture, traditions and customs of the Stavropol Cossacks. Among modern studies in the history of the Stavropol Cossacks, the following topics stand out: military life and everyday life, folklore and song traditions, the movement for the revival of the Cossacks, as well as the current state and prospects for the development of Cossack organizations. The prospect of the development of pedagogical technologies based on the Cossack traditions of educating young people in Stavropol is highlighted as a separate topical topic. The relevance of the study lies in the need for a private study of the historiography of the regional Cossack group of Stavropol Cossacks in order to expand the scientific and pedagogical tools in the field of «Cossack studies». The practical significance of the study is expressed in the possibility of using the data of the article in the search for supporting material for teaching the "History of the Cossacks" in a higher educational institution (taking into account the regional specifics). The scientific novelty of the research is expressed in a new view of the Stavropol Cossacks as an independent Cossack group formed at the end of the XVIII century. The source base is represented mainly by archival data from the State Archives of the Stavropol Territory, data banks on archaeological, cultural and linguistic expeditions, sources of personal origin, the works of contemporary historians and directly the works of historians, whose studies formed the basis of the historiography of the history of the Stavropol Cossacks. The research methodology is based on the principles of historiographic comparative studies and comparative analysis of sources. Within the framework of the sociocultural approach, we rely on the following methods. Special-historical: the narrative method, the historical-comparative method, the historical-systemic method, the retrospective method. Sociological: document analysis, method of generalizing characteristics, method of ideal types. Culturological: comparative method, cultural-systemic method. Pedagogical: pedagogical interviewing, a method of studying and generalizing pedagogical experience.

scholarly journals Калмыцко-казахское противостояние в Северном Прикаспии в 1723–1724 гг.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Vladimir T. Tepkeev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Engagement ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Source Materials

Introduction. The paper examines an understudied period in the history of the Kalmyk Khanate — beginnings of a military confrontation between joint Kazakh-Karakalpak forces and Kalmyk units in 1723–1724. Goals. The article aims at introducing newly discovered archival data about the reign of Khan Tseren-Donduk (1724–1735). Materials and Methods. The source materials are related records stored at the National Archive of Kalmykia (Coll. И-36). The Register of Kalmyk Affairs contains dispatches and reports by the Governor of Astrakhan, A. Volynsky, clustered under the title ‘About Actual Disagreements and Feuds of Kalmyk Landlords’. The employed historical comparative method makes it possible to specify a chronicle of events on the basis of coinciding events described by all or most of the investigated sources. Results. The 1723 feuds between young Kalmyk princely heirs, Khan Ayuka’s death in 1724, and the unsettled order of succession paved the path for Kazakh and Karakalpak invasions of eastern Kalmyk-inhabited territories between the Volga and the Yaik (Ural) Rivers. Conclusions. Despite the actual political factionalism across the Kalmyk Khanate, eastern landlords headed by Dorji Nazarov were able to repel the aggression of hostile groups. The 1724 battle of the Uzen which ended in a defeat of a small Kazakh-Karakalpak unit had important military and political consequences conveying the message that even amidst the lack of solidarity between Kalmyk noblemen any invasion of their lands should turn an essentially arduous task. However, the successful local engagement of the Volga Kalmyks could not stop the subsequent eastward expansion of Kazakhs.

scholarly journals The Political Environment of the Cities of Northern Kazakhstan at the Cusp of the 19th-20th Centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
G.Zh. Sultangazy
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Emerging Media ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Historical Comparative

Cities of the northern part of Kazakhstan at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries had played the role of administrative units for a long period; however, the gradual development of the urban environment and the integration of the cities of the national outskirts into the system of socio-economic relations of the empire led to the formation cooperation of a citizen not only in the economic aspect, but also, in the political aspects. The research attempted to analyze the processes associated with the formation of a political space in a colonial city, where representatives of the national intelligentsia were the subjects, and the emerging media and public spaces were the tools. The author insists that the political component of the city had developed in the context of the all-Russian political situation. The systemic crisis in all spheres of the state's life demanded new formats of their rights struggle. Under these conditions, the intelligentsia takes the initiative and develops its own style of struggle, expressed in the creation of newspapers, which will later become the print organs of the parties. For example, the newspaper "Kazakh" will become the official organ of the Alash party. Thus, the author argues that the formation of the political space in the colonial city is the result of the activities of the intelligentsia. The article uses the data of the regional archives of Kostanay, Petropavlovsk and NurSultan cities. One of the methods of this research was the historical and genetic one, which allows considering the problems in its development and identifying patterns. The use of the historical-comparative method revealed differences in the development of Kazakhstan historiography.

Housing markets of Russia's Far North East regions: There is still no investment. Why?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-692
Author(s):  
Oksana S. FAVSTRITSKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Far North ◽  
North East ◽  
Current State ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Development Methods

Subject. This article examines the functioning of the housing market of the Far North East of Russia, and the peculiarities of housing as a commodity and object of investment. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the features of the housing market of the Russian North East regions, and their relationship with the state and prospects of the region's development. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of historical, comparative, and statistical analyses. Data visualization is presented in tabular and graphical forms. Results. The article describes the peculiarities of the housing market in the regions of the Far North East of Russia, its current state and the interdependence of the real estate market and the region's economy. The article also shows the prospects for the development of this market. Conclusions. To increase the attractiveness of housing in the Far North East of Russia as an investment destination, a high standard of living must be ensured.

scholarly journals Word families, allofams, and the comparative method

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes A. FELLNER ◽  
Nathan W. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Word Families

Abstract Linguists researching the Trans-Himalayan family do not have a self-perception as working outside the mainstream of historical linguistics, but ‘word families’ and ‘allofams’ are important elements in their thinking despite the absence of these terms in the wider discipline. A close examination of the practice of historical linguistics in Indo-European and Trans-Himalayan leads to the conclusion that those phenomena treated as word families admit superior analyses in more traditional terms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document