scholarly journals Калмыцко-казахское противостояние в Северном Прикаспии в 1723–1724 гг.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Vladimir T. Tepkeev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Engagement ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Source Materials

Introduction. The paper examines an understudied period in the history of the Kalmyk Khanate — beginnings of a military confrontation between joint Kazakh-Karakalpak forces and Kalmyk units in 1723–1724. Goals. The article aims at introducing newly discovered archival data about the reign of Khan Tseren-Donduk (1724–1735). Materials and Methods. The source materials are related records stored at the National Archive of Kalmykia (Coll. И-36). The Register of Kalmyk Affairs contains dispatches and reports by the Governor of Astrakhan, A. Volynsky, clustered under the title ‘About Actual Disagreements and Feuds of Kalmyk Landlords’. The employed historical comparative method makes it possible to specify a chronicle of events on the basis of coinciding events described by all or most of the investigated sources. Results. The 1723 feuds between young Kalmyk princely heirs, Khan Ayuka’s death in 1724, and the unsettled order of succession paved the path for Kazakh and Karakalpak invasions of eastern Kalmyk-inhabited territories between the Volga and the Yaik (Ural) Rivers. Conclusions. Despite the actual political factionalism across the Kalmyk Khanate, eastern landlords headed by Dorji Nazarov were able to repel the aggression of hostile groups. The 1724 battle of the Uzen which ended in a defeat of a small Kazakh-Karakalpak unit had important military and political consequences conveying the message that even amidst the lack of solidarity between Kalmyk noblemen any invasion of their lands should turn an essentially arduous task. However, the successful local engagement of the Volga Kalmyks could not stop the subsequent eastward expansion of Kazakhs.

scholarly journals When research met policy: a history of innovation and a complicated relationship in three Swedish development projects in mathematics education, 1960–2018

ZDM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Prytz
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
School Governance ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Major Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Contemporary Development

AbstractThis paper concerns the relationship between research and governance policy in three Swedish major development projects in mathematics education: the New Math project (1960–1975), the PUMP project (1970–1980), and the Boost for Mathematics project in (2012–2016). All three projects were driven or financed by the Swedish central school authorities. Using a historical comparative method, this study deepens the understanding of how research co-exists with governance policy when preparing innovations in mathematics education. The main historical sources are official reports and governmental decisions concerning the three projects. The analysis is focused on the nature of the innovations of each project and the role of researchers in the process of creating the innovations. The analysis highlights the theories and the methods involved in those processes. The three projects are also positioned in a context of school governance policy. In Sweden, the prevailing school governing policy changed from a highly centralised governance in the 1960s to a highly decentralised governance in the 2010s. The paper concludes by discussing to what degree the researchers adhered to principles of research or school governance; in particular, the Boost for Mathematics project is considered in this regard. The relevance of the paper in relation to the emerging field of implementation research in mathematics education concerns how historical studies can give new insights about contemporary development projects in mathematics education.

The history of the keyboard instrument MNP I 49 from the Museum of Musical Instruments in Poznań. the state of research

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (16) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Wróblewska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Baroque Era ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Keyboard Instrument

The keyboard instrument MNP I 49 from the Museum of Musical Instruments in Poznań has not been a subject of detailed academic studies yet, but there have been mentions of it in various types of publications throughout the years. The item is currently placed in the exhibition hall devoted to the art of the Baroque era in the Museum of Applied Arts in Poznań. It is a unique historical item in the Polish collection due to a very scarce number of harpsichords preserved in Poland. This situation is mainly a result of two world wars in the 20th century. Due to not enough available sources, the exact time of the creation of the instrument and the name of its builder were impossible to determine. The aim of the present article was to compile and arrange previous knowledge about the historical item MNP I 49. The work lists source materials and publications in which the instrument was mentioned, such as documents from the National Archive in Poznań, Raczyński Library in Poznań and National Museum Archive in Poznań. Based on the available source materials, the author was able to determine that the harpsichord appeared at the Skórzewski family’s palace in Czerniejewo before 1855.

HISTORIOGRAPHY OF HISTORY OF THE STAVROPOL COSSACKS: KEY ASPECTS OF STUDYING THE REGIONAL COSSACK GROUP’S PAST

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
K.A. Ushmaeva ◽  
◽  
A.S. Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Pedagogical Tools ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Economic Ties

This study is devoted to the study of relevant works on the history of the Stavropol Cossacks, works in the field of education of the Stavropol Cossacks as an independent Cossack group, trade, cultural and economic ties in the Stavropol Territory, spiritual life, language, culture, traditions and customs of the Stavropol Cossacks. Among modern studies in the history of the Stavropol Cossacks, the following topics stand out: military life and everyday life, folklore and song traditions, the movement for the revival of the Cossacks, as well as the current state and prospects for the development of Cossack organizations. The prospect of the development of pedagogical technologies based on the Cossack traditions of educating young people in Stavropol is highlighted as a separate topical topic. The relevance of the study lies in the need for a private study of the historiography of the regional Cossack group of Stavropol Cossacks in order to expand the scientific and pedagogical tools in the field of «Cossack studies». The practical significance of the study is expressed in the possibility of using the data of the article in the search for supporting material for teaching the "History of the Cossacks" in a higher educational institution (taking into account the regional specifics). The scientific novelty of the research is expressed in a new view of the Stavropol Cossacks as an independent Cossack group formed at the end of the XVIII century. The source base is represented mainly by archival data from the State Archives of the Stavropol Territory, data banks on archaeological, cultural and linguistic expeditions, sources of personal origin, the works of contemporary historians and directly the works of historians, whose studies formed the basis of the historiography of the history of the Stavropol Cossacks. The research methodology is based on the principles of historiographic comparative studies and comparative analysis of sources. Within the framework of the sociocultural approach, we rely on the following methods. Special-historical: the narrative method, the historical-comparative method, the historical-systemic method, the retrospective method. Sociological: document analysis, method of generalizing characteristics, method of ideal types. Culturological: comparative method, cultural-systemic method. Pedagogical: pedagogical interviewing, a method of studying and generalizing pedagogical experience.

scholarly journals Determination of the subject of history of state and law in Russian legal science in the late 1950s – early 1960s

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Tatiana Yashchuk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Science Of History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Comparative

The subject of this research is analysis of the process and key approaches towards determination of the subject of history of state and law of Russia in in the late 1950s – early 1960s, considering the designation of science and academic discipline in this period as “The History of State and Law of the USSR”. The research is based on chronological, institutional, and historical-comparative methods. The chronological method allowed reconstructing representation on the subject of the science of history of state and law of the Soviet Union in historical sequence. The institutional method established the basic framework for discussion the subject of science. The historical-comparative method ensured comparison of different approaches towards understanding of the subject of science. It is determined that the initiators of determination of the subject of history of state and law were the educators of historical-legal disciplines. The author reveals and analyzes the main publications that contain records of comprehension of the subject of science. Characteristic is given to the circle of scholars dealing with the indicated problematic. The authorial approaches are discussed.  The general and peculiar comprehension of the subject of science is demonstrated. The general consists in determination of the subject based on the historical type of state and law, highlighting the significance and specificity of the Soviet state and law. The differences pertain to setting priorities in the subject of science: establishment of general patterns in evolution of state and law, or examination of particular phenomena, processes and institutions in the history of state and law. The acquires results can be applies in the history of legal science. Discourse on the subject of history of state and law that unfolded in the late 1950s – early 1960s was beneficial to the advancement of historical-legal science.

scholarly journals The extent to which inscriptional evidence may serve as a source of "vulgar," i.e. spoken Latin

Linguistica ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Paul A. Gaeng
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
American Scholar ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Real Language ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The One ◽  
And Training

"Itis incumbent on Romance scholars to analyze and interpret their exceptionally full stock of linguistic material, using all methods of study at their disposal, working both backward and forward in time. Only thus will Romance linguistics be enabled to do what others expect of it: to serve not only as an end in itself but as a model and training-ground for workers in all fields of historical linguistics." Thus wrote the American scholar, Robert A. Hall, jr. some forty years ago in an essay on the recon­ struction of Proto-Romance. 1 Indeed, the researcher into the history of the Romance languages is faced with, on the one hand, the schemes of reconstruction (essentially based on the principles of the historical comparative method) and the often puzzling testimonies of reality found in the sources. Put in other terms, he has the choice of working with an abstract system represented by starred Latin forms that do not belong to any real language or the reality of the mass of postclassical written records that have come down to us to be analyzed and sifted through with a view to discovering evidences of trends toward Romance in phonology, morpho-syntax, and vocabulary. And while there are, no doubt, materials whose meaning in terms of future evolution of the Romance languages is difficult, if not impossible to discover, there is an abun­ dance of those that prelude the future. It is the attention to the future that, I believe, can give reality and life to the large number of forms collected from inscriptions, late writers, and other sources of so-called "Vulgar", i. e. non-literary Latin.

scholarly journals THE MAIN CONCEPTS OF "RUS CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS REVIVAL" OF THE LAST THIRD OF THE SEVENTEENTH – EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURY AS A PRECONDITION FOR "THE UNION TRIUMPHALISM" IN THE SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF ANDRZEJ GIL AND IGOR SKOCHILIAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Svitlana Bila
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Religious Revival ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
And Control

Summary. The purpose of the article is to analyze the contribution of Andrzej Gil and Ihor Skochylias to the study of the preconditions for the "triumph" of the union confession in the western dioceses of the Kyiv metropolis in the context of development of new concepts and ideas by these scientists. The research methodology is based on the use of historical-comparative method and methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization. The scientific novelty of the article lies in an attempt to study the innovative concepts of modern scholars on the topic of the history of the union church of the late XVII ‒ early XVIII centuries. Conclusions. The significant source material is the authors’ concept that at the turn of the XVII‒XVIII centuries there was a cultural and religious revival and large-scale modernization reforms in the Kyiv metropolis leading to the formation of an innovative religious model "Slavia Unita". The scholars state that the main initiators and promoters of the Reformation innovations were the uniate metropolitans of Kyiv, representatives of the Basilian order and the local church hierarchy. Implementation and control over the innovations were carried out during regular episcopal and archimandrite visits and episcopal courts. Everything was codified at local diocesan councils. According to historians, this religious model contributed to the formation of a clear union identity and a closer union with European religious culture. At the same time, it contributed to the preservation of the important principles of the Kyivan Christian tradition. There are at least two objective conclusions made by the authors. One of them is that a direct result of this model was "the union triumphalism" and the "golden age of union" in the Kyiv metropolis, and the second one is that the political consequence of "Slavia Unita" is unification around the union denomination of the Rus nation. The Union Church in the Kyiv metropolis became the most widespread confession and an effective representative of the interests of the Rus people.

scholarly journals Борьба с эпидемиями в Казахстане в первой трети ХХ в.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-684
Author(s):  
Gulzhaukhar K.  Kokebayeva ◽  
◽  
Sabit K. Shildebai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Central State ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Historical Comparative

Introduction. Dangerous infectious diseases have always been part of human history. The pandemic associated with the spread of COVID-19 underscores the importance of studying experience of dealing with global epidemics. Research goals and objectives. This article attempts to analyze the problem of spread of infectious diseases in Kazakhstan and the history of dealing with epidemics. The history of combating epidemics in Soviet Kazakhstan covers a large spatial and temporal scale, so the chronological framework of the study is limited to the period up to the early 1930s. Materials and methods. Documents of the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and published reports of the state institutions were used as the research sources. The narrative method selected as appropriate in approaching the issues of “real life” helped reconstruct the conditions that prompted the emergence and spread of epidemics in Kazakhstan, as well as examine the ways employed to combat them. The historical-genetic method was instrumental in shedding light on the essence and dynamics of the epidemic situation in Kazakhstan during the period in question, while the historical-comparative method was helpful in identifying the positive dynamics of the fight against infectious diseases in Soviet Kazakhstan. Results. The research was focused on the epidemic situations in Kazakhstan in the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods. This involved a study of the formation and development of the system of anti-epidemic protection in the Soviet period, as well as of the main methods of combating infectious diseases employed by Soviet and republican government agencies. Conclusion. The research shows the effectiveness of vaccination, medical and sanitary education of the population involved, as well as of other additional measures in eradicating particularly dangerous infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Names Related to Kinship in Dictionary Diwan Lughat at-Turk by M. Kashgari, their Use in the Modern Kyrgyz Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-615
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article is relevant in defining the role of modern Kyrgyz language as one of the ancient Turkic languages and examines the process of the Kyrgyz language development. The purpose of this article is to determine the level of words application related to kinship in the dictionary Diwan Lughat at-Turk by Mahmud Kashgari, a written monument of the 11th century, in comparison with the vocabulary of the modern Kyrgyz language. The object of the research is the Kyrgyz translations in M. Kashgari’s dictionary. The research was carried out on the basis of the historical-comparative method. Words related to kinship studied in the dictionary in comparison with the materials of the modern Kyrgyz language. On this basis, the level of use of the modern Kyrgyz language determined. In some cases, facts from related languages were used for comparison. Therefore, the level of related words use in the modern Kyrgyz vocabulary given in the M. Kashgari’s dictionary determined and distributed as following: Words related to kinship, registered in the dictionary of Diwan Lughat at-Turk by M. Kashgari and used without changes in the modern Kyrgyz language: ата – father, еже – sister, ини – younger brother, еркек – male, атаке – daddy, қыз – girl, киши – human, төркүн – own parents home, келин – bride, қары – old, ак сакал – veteran etc. Words used in the modern Kyrgyz language with phonetic changes in words, related to kinship in the dictionary: уғул – son, уғлан-boy, аба – mother, grandmother, еге – sister, elder sister, өге – brother, өгей уғул – adopted son, қазын – husbands brother, емикдеш – breastfeeding, тун уғул – firt son, йезне – sisters husband, йурығчы – marriage broker, mediator, йеңе – sister in law, савчы – marriage broker,emdiator күни – rival, тағай – uncle, қаңсық ата – stepfather, қаңсық уғул – adopted son, тутунчы уғул – nursed son, ерңен – single (эрен), қаатун – wife etc. Words related to kinship, found in the dictionary by M. Kashgari, but not used in modern Kyrgyz language: үзүк – woman (female), урағут – woman (female), ишлер – wife, woman, (female), ынал – child borned from rich grandmother and poor mother, оғуш – relatives, беки – couples, кис – partner (couple), қузуз – divorced woman, чыкан – cousin, mother sister child, намыжа – brother in law, туғсақ – widow, жамрақ – children, қазнағун – wifes relatives to husband, йурч – wife’s younger brother, husband’s younger brother, йанчы – mediator, қуртға – old woman, туңур – husbands relatives to wife, etc. Thus, most of the words in M. Kashgari’s dictionary used in modern Kyrgyz vocabulary, and this conclusion proves that the Kyrgyz language is one of the ancient Turkic languages. The results of studying the relationship of related words in the dictionary of Diwan Lughat at-Turk by Mahmud Kashgari with the modern Kyrgyz language can be material for a comparative study of the history of the Kyrgyz language, historical lexicology, and names associated with kinship in the Turkic languages.

Food and wine tourism and urban local development

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Gabriele Di Francesco
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
City Brand ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Craft Skills ◽  
Natural Foods ◽  
Commercial Distribution

Food and wine tourism in Italy is characterized by the reference to natural foods and to the history of the cities. For most of the foods the bond with the territories and especially with the cities was and is crucial. Always food, typically produced in a family business, have the same name of the cities, as if the city was the real corporate brand of taste. This city brand is often copied in many countries of the world to product industrial supplies that have a wide commercial distribution. These products are impossible to reproduce. They are the result of the combination of local products, craft skills, bonds with legendary or real historical events. The reflection on the food and wine tourism and urban development, comes from these assumptions. With a socio-anthropological approach, some methods and qualitative techniques were used, as the historical comparative method, document analysis and participant observation. These methods were applied to investigate three different Italian towns that gave the name to three foods: Marino, with the wine festival, Fabriano with its production of salami and Ascoli Piceno with the production of the Ascoli olive. The Marino Grape Festival is based on legendary events, on the presence of ancient vineyards, on the representation in the style of 1500s square machines. In Fabriano is produced a famous salami dates back to medieval times, reproduced in paintings and frescoes and handed down to us with a disciplinary unchanged. Ascoli Piceno has given its name to a prized food preparation called Oliva Ascolana. Marino has thousands of visitors every year to drink and buy wine and to participate in the grape and wine festivals. Fabriano has a tourism that seeks the history, architecture, art and the taste of his salami. The Ascoli olive stuffed with meat and spices is great tourist vehicle to Ascoli Piceno.

Historiography of the History of Law and the State of Russia: Pre-Revolutionary and Soviet Periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Marina A. Kozhevina ◽  
Tatyana F. Yashchuk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
Historical Comparative

Introduction. The historiographic experience of studying the history of law and the state of Russia was not the subject of independent scientific analysis. Certain aspects were touched upon in the prefaces to the reprints of classical scientific works, publications of a biographical nature, in the literature reviews preceding the main part of the works. In modern humanities, there is an increasing interest in the scientific problems of the genesis and evolution of individual disciplines. The history of law and the state of Russia is a part of legal and historical knowledge and requires substantive consideration. Purpose. The goal is to determine the main conceptual approaches that have formed and developed within the framework of historical and legal science during the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods. Methodology. The methodology is represented by a number of methods. The chronological method and the method of periodization were used to build the sequence of the historiographic process. The historical-comparative method in the diachronic version made it possible to compare the content of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods in the historiography of the issue, to reveal the features of each period. The institutional method showed the process of delimiting the history of law and the state of Russia from other scientific disciplines. The method of hermeneutics was necessary for the textual analysis of works of legal and historical content. Results. The process of institutionalization of the history of law and state of Russia is shown. As a result, this led to the emergence of its own historiography within its framework. The main research directions are systematized; the factors that influenced the development of historical and legal science in the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods are identified; a circle of scholars dealing with historical and legal problems has been established; the most significant publications are indicated. Conclusion. Two periods of the historiography of the history of law and the state of Russia are highlighted and characterized. The basis for the study of the next modern period is being created.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document