A History of the Ottoman Fez before Mahmud II (ca. 1600–1800)

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-183
Author(s):  
Youssef Ben Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Global History ◽  
Imperial History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Point Of Departure

Abstract The history of the Ottoman fez is usually told with the nineteenth century as a point of departure. In the 1820s and 1830s, the reforms initiated by Sultan Mahmud II (r. 1808–39) elevated the red felt cap to the rank of official headgear of the Ottoman empire. But little is known about its history prior to its adoption by the state: where did the fez come from and how did it become so prevalent in the Ottoman empire? This essay examines the global history of the fez in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Taking Mahmud II’s reforms as an endpoint, it examines the process by which the headgear first came to be both culturally visible and commercially available in the Ottoman realm. Three aspects of this history are considered: the trans-imperial history of the fez as a commercial commodity, its cultural reception in the Ottoman world, and the establishment of a community of Tunisian fez merchants in early modern Istanbul.

scholarly journals The French Revolution and the New Spatial Format for Empire

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-528
Author(s):  
Megan Maruschke
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Global History ◽  
French Empire ◽  
Imperial History ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
The French Revolution ◽  
The Revolution

Abstract Both global history and the new imperial history identify an emerging convergence of spatial formats, practices, and knowledge for organizing societies during the nineteenth century, though each emphasizes different competitive formats: the territorializing nation-state and the enduring empire. Rather than contrasting empire and nation-state, this article takes their combination seriously through the example of the respatialization of the French Empire during the Revolution and the reorganization of domestic territory into departments. The history of departmentalization underscores the emerging and changing interrelationships between nation and empire. The territorialization of metropolitan France, which developed out of imperial and transregional exchanges, was emblematic of the new type of empire that became a prevailing model for societal organization in the nineteenth century: the nation-state with imperial extensions. L'histoire globale et la nouvelle histoire impériale ont toutes deux signalé l’émergence d'une convergence des formats spatiaux, des pratiques et des savoirs tout au long du dix-neuvième siècle, mais chacun de ces deux champs de recherche insiste sur des formats distincts et rivaux pour organiser les sociétés : l'Etat-nation en voie de territorialisation, d'une part, et l'empire qui perdure, d'autre part. En effet, plutôt que d'opposer l'empire à l'Etat-nation, cet article prend au sérieux leur conjonction en examinant à nouveaux frais la respatialisation de l'empire français pendant la Révolution et la réorganisation du territoire national en départements. L'histoire de la départementalisation met ainsi en évidence l’émergence et le développement des relations mutuelles entre nation et empire. La territorialisation de la France métropolitaine, qui se développa à la faveur d’échanges impériaux et transrégionaux, fut caractéristique du nouveau type d'empire qui devint un modèle dominant d'organisation des sociétés au dix-neuvième siècle : celui de l'Etat-nation pourvu de prolongements impériaux.

ŞEVKET PAMUK, A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire, Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000). Pp. 301. $69.95 cloth.

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-136
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Global History ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Civilization

The title of Şevket Pamuk's book is misleading. Far from restricting himself to monetary phenomena—interest rates, coinage, inflation, and availability of specie—the author has chosen to cast his study of money during the Ottoman period (1300–1918) in the widest possible terms. Viewing some of the crucial issues of Ottoman economic and political history through a monetary lens has produced new and interesting insights—in some cases, the result is a revision of old arguments—but on other matters, Pamuk has produced provocative new hypotheses. Furthermore, the book offers a timely addition to the rapidly developing field of global history. Although most of Pamuk's comparative remarks relate to early modern Europe, his study establishes a benchmark against which the analyses of monetary and economic phenomena in the other two early modern Middle Eastern states—the Mughal and the Safavid—can be measured.

Continuities in Ottoman Centre–Periphery Relations, 1787–1915

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
FREDERICK ANSCOMBE
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Political History ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
History Of

In the political history of the Ottoman Empire, the long nineteenth century (1789–1915) stands out as a period of far-reaching, rapid change in the nature of the state. While the persistence of old practices should not be assumed along all frontiers of the empire, where it was applied the mutual support arrangement worked reasonably well at both ends of the nineteenth century. The two cases examined in this chapter illustrate this in a surprising fashion. The parallels are unexpected because among the notables involved, Tepedelenli Ali Pasha (1787–1820) in Epirus (Greece and Albania) and the Al Sabah and Al Thani shaykhs (1870–1915) in eastern Arabia carry reputations as unwilling subjects who rebelled against the sultan. It was largely due to the centre's failure to continue to uphold its part of the mutual support arrangement.

The History Of Modern Vaccination In Cooch Behar State In The Nineteenth Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-190
Author(s):  
Rajkumar Bind
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
The State ◽  
The People ◽  
Small Pox ◽  
Preventive Method ◽  
History Of

This paper examines the development of modern vaccination programme of Cooch Behar state, a district of West Bengal of India during the nineteenth century. The study has critically analysed the modern vaccination system, which was the only preventive method against various diseases like small pox, cholera but due to neglect, superstation and religious obstacles the people of Cooch Behar state were not interested about modern vaccination. It also examines the sex wise and castes wise vaccinators of the state during the study period. The study will help us to growing conciseness about modern vaccination among the peoples of Cooch Behar district.   

Medical Martyrs: Nineteenth-Century Representations of Early Modern Inquisitorial Persecution of Spanish Physicians

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Keitt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
National Identities ◽  
History Of

Abstract This essay examines the discourse on medicine and the Inquisition in nineteenth-century Spain. It traces how liberal reformers selectively appropriated aspects of the history of Spanish medicine in the service of their contemporary political and scientific agendas, and how in doing so they contributed to the formation of new professional and national identities.

Panel discussion: ways forward and major challenges

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine Berg
Keyword(s):  
Panel Discussion ◽  
The State ◽  
Global History ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Imperial History ◽  
Global Identities ◽  
And Control

John Darwin has assessed the contributions offered by archives of imperial history in analysing connections, interpretations, and control of empires over their conquered territories. Megan Vaughan has discussed the marginal place of Africa in current global history writing. Peer Vries has challenged the recent focus of global historians on connections, networks, exchanges and transfers. This history leaves out wars, violence, conflicts, and especially the state. Sufumi So and Billy Kee-Long So have sought more use of transnational biographies and narratives of individuals across time and place in Asia as well as Europe. Did some of these perceive themselves within wider world and global identities?

Statistics as Social Science

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-40
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
The State ◽  
Statistical Thinking ◽  
History Of

This chapter discusses statistics as social science. The systematic study of social numbers in the spirit of natural philosophy was pioneered during the 1660s, and was known for about a century and a half as political arithmetic. Its purpose, when not confined to the calculation of insurance or annuity rates, was the promotion of sound, well-informed state policy. Political arithmetic was, according to William Petty, the application of Baconian principles to the art of government. Implicit in the use by political arithmeticians of social numbers was the belief that the wealth and strength of the state depended strongly on the number and character of its subjects. Political arithmetic was supplanted by statistics in France and Great Britain around the beginning of the nineteenth century. The shift in terminology was accompanied by a subtle mutation of concepts that can be seen as one of the most important in the history of statistical thinking.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Faisal H. Husain
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irrigation Agriculture

This chapter introduces the themes and arguments of the book. In particular, it explains the benefits of adopting a holistic approach to the history of the river basin that acknowledges its cultural, physical, and biological unity. Treating the Tigris and Euphrates as a continuous whole brings to light the magnitude and significance of river flow that fostered contacts between upstream and downstream regions. Beyond facilitating communication, the twin rivers formed the backbone of the early modern Ottoman economy in the region by supporting complementary subsistence strategies, such as irrigation agriculture, animal husbandry, and wetland exploitation. In addition to the themes and arguments, this chapter offers a brief introduction to the history of the Ottoman Empire and the ecology of the Tigris-Euphrates basin.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J. V. Fesko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of

This chapter introduces the topic of the history of the early modern Reformed doctrine of the covenant of works. It first defines the doctrine and then provides a state of the question through a survey of relevant secondary literature. After the state of the question, the chapter states the book’s main aim, which is to present an overview of the origins, development, and reception of the covenant of works. In contrast to critics of the doctrine, this book stands within another strand of historiography that sees the covenant of works as a legitimate development of ideas present in the early church, middle ages, and Reformation periods. The chapter then lays out the topics of each of following chapters: the Reformation, Robert Rollock, Jacob Arminius, James Ussher, John Cameron and Edward Leigh, The Westminster Standards, the Formula Consensus Helvetica, Thomas Boston, and the Twentieth Century.

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