preventive method
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Author(s):  
D.V. Senichev ◽  
R.R. Sulimanov ◽  
R.A. Sulimanov ◽  
E.S. Spasskiy ◽  
A.V. Rebinok

The need to develop new therapeutic methods for diffuse purulent mediastinitis is still an urgent problem in surgery. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of temporary rib fixation in programmed rethoracotomy while treating diffuse purulent mediastinitis. Materials and Methods. The study involved 49 patients with diffuse purulent mediastinitis. All patients underwent programmed rethoracotomy and sanitation of pyogenic sources in the mediastinum. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 19 patients without preventive measures against wound complications; 30 patients of group 2 underwent temporary rib fixation, which contributed to the decrease of wound complications. To reduce trauma and infection of the thoracotomy wound tissue, a special device was created (RF patent No. 2474389). It consists of staples and locks that appose wound edges after rethoracotomy. During the study, we used V.B. Gavrilov and M.K. Mishkorudnaya’s spectrophotometric method; modified Stoke method; N.I. Gabrielian’s spectrophotometric method. Statistical assessment of parameters was carried out using variation statistics. Statistical significance of differences (t) was calculated by Student’s t-test. Results. Measures to prevent purulent-necrotic complications from a thoracotomic wound significantly contributed to their reduction. The indicators of the effectiveness of these measures were changes in the coefficient of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity and midmolecule peptides in the blood serum, the sum of infectious complications and wound complications. Conclusion. Temporary rib fixation contributes to a significant decrease in the number of patients with purulent-necrotic inflammation of thoracotomy wound tissues (p <0.05). Key words: diffuse purulent mediastinitis, programmed rethoracotomy, preventive method, wound infection, complications. Необходимость разработки новых методов терапии диффузного гнойного медиастинита всё ещё остаётся актуальной проблемой в хирургии. Цель исследования. Оценка эффективности использования способа временной фиксации ребер при выполнении программированной реторакотомии в лечении диффузного гнойного медиастинита. Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 49 пациентов с диффузным гнойным медиастинитом, которым при лечении проводились программированные реторакотомии и санации источника нагноения в средостении. Обследуемых разделили на 2 группы: в I группу вошли 19 пациентов, которым не осуществляли профилактику раневых осложнений; во II группе у 30 пациентов выполнили временную фиксацию ребер, которая создавала условия для снижения вероятности раневых осложнений. Для уменьшения травматизации и инфицирования тканей торакотомной раны был создан прибор (патент РФ на изобретение № 2474389), который состоит из скоб и замков, создающих сближение сторон раны после реторакотомии. При проведении исследования использовали спектрофотометрический метод В.Б. Гаврилова, М.К. Мишкорудной; модифицированный метод Stoke; спектрофотометрический способ по Н.И. Габриэляну. Статистическую оценку показателей осуществляли с применением вариационной статистики и расчета критерия достоверности различий (t) по формуле и таблице Стьюдента. Результаты. Меры предупреждения гнойно-некротических осложнений со стороны торакотомной раны достоверно способствовали их сокращению. Показателями результативности этих мер стали изменения коэффициента перекисного окисления липидов, антиоксидантной активности и среднемолекулярных пептидов в сыворотке крови, сумма инфекционных осложнений и осложнений со стороны раны. Выводы. Использование временной фиксации ребер способствует достоверному уменьшению числа пациентов с гнойно-некротическим воспалением тканей торакотомной раны (p<0,05). Ключевые слова: диффузный гнойный медиастинит, программированная реторакотомия, способ предупреждения, раневая инфекция, осложнения.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egger L. Mielberg

A complete dynamic model of the protein and, in particular, the the enzymatic process of synthesis and degradation could significantly improve the quality of diagnosis of diseases of various etiologies at the earliest stages of their development. In this article, we describe our initial attempt to create the above model based on a radically new mathematical approach, Sense Logic [1] in terms of enzymatic kinetics.


Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2015-2015
Author(s):  
Polyxeni Delaporta ◽  
Eugenia Lampropoulou ◽  
Anastasia Moschoviti ◽  
Ilona Binenbaum ◽  
Dimitra Kyriakopoulou ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction: Patients with transfusion-dependent-thalassemia (TDT) are considered as increased risk population for severe and/or morbid COVID-19 infection. Timely vaccination is the main preventive method for severe COVID-19. Different adverse events and reactions following vaccination have been reported, with severe ones being extremely rare. TDT patients may have altered immunity due to chronic transfusions, iron overload and chelation therapy, and splenic dysfunction. The safety profile of vaccination in chronically transfused patients with thalassemia has not been reported. AIM: To evaluate the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines in TDT patients. Patients and Methods: This is a single institution's, retrospective analysis evaluating all TDT patients, older than 18 years old, who had completed the vaccination protocol at least 30 days before data cut-off time (July 20 th 2021). Adverse events were reported by patients up to 30 days post each dose. Demographic data and hematological data, including mean hemoglobin levels before and up to 30 days after each dose, were recorded. T-test was performed to investigate changes in hematological profile and transfusion burden post vaccination. Results:186 patients (median age:45; range:18-61 years old; male/female:87/99) were included for data analysis corresponding to 53% of all TDT patients followed in our Thalassemia Unit. Distribution of vaccine types were: Comirnaty -BNT162b2 (Pfizer Inc. and BioNTech)90.86% (n =168), Vaxzevria (previously COVID-19 vaccine, AstraZeneca)1.61% (n=3), Moderna (Moderna TX Inc.)6.99% (n =13) and JNJ-78436735 (Janssen Pharmaceuticals Companies of Johnson & Johnson)0.54% (n =2). No patients had confirmed or suspected previous COVID-19 infection. Adverse events were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0. The incidence of adverse events after 1 st and 2 nd dose were 43.5% (81/186) and 54.8% (102/186), respectively. Adverse events after 1 st dose included pain at injection site 26.3%( n=49), fatigue 9.7%(n=18), fever 5.4% (n=10),headaches 4.3% (n=8), arthralgia and myalgia 2.2% (n=4), and lymphadenopathy 0.5% (n=1). Adverse events after 2 nd dose included fever 28.5% (n=53), fatigue 17.7% (n=33), pain at injection site 15.6%(n=29), arthralgia and myalgia 11.3% (n=21), headaches 9.1% (n=17), lymphadenopathy 3.2% (n=6), dizziness 0,5% (n=1), tachycardia 0.5% (n=1), diarrhea/ vomiting 0.05% (n=1) and amaurosis fugax 0.5%: (n=1). No grade 4-5 events or anaphylaxis were observed. Two patients (both males, 51 years and 45 years old, respectively) presented with acute hemolytic crisis with hemoglobinuria in 3 rd and 20 th day after the second dose with Pfizer/BioNTech, respectively. They are receiving treatment with corticosteroids without partial response. Both patients had a history of acute hemolysis crisis within the last 3 years. A decrease in Hb levels after either the first or second dose compared to pre-vaccination mean Hb levels was observed (mean=9.9 /sd=0.63 vs mean=9.44 /sd=0.76), (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Compared to the vaccine trials, we observed some lower incidence of vaccine-related adverse events in our cohort of TDT patients, which may be related to the less stringent reporting methods outside official trials. A temporary drop in hemoglobin levels may be noted in chronically transfusion patients, which parallels what is observed when patients are developing infection or inflammation. Of interest, two patients with previous history of alloimmunization, developed hemolysis. Close hematological follow up may be required in TDT patients post vaccination. The risk/benefit of the vaccination is strongly positive for this vulnerable population. Disclosures Kattamis: Agios Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; IONIS: Consultancy; VIFOR: Consultancy; CRISPR/Vertex: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS/Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Chiesi: Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Haghshenas Gorgani ◽  
Sharif Shabani

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic caused an increasing demand for online academic classes, which led to the demand for effective online exams with regards to limitations on time and resources. Consequently, holding online exams with sufficient reliability and effectiveness became one of the most critical and challenging subjects in higher education. Therefore, it is essential to have a preventive algorithm to allocate time and financial resources effectively. In the present study, a fair test with sufficient validity is first defined, and then by analogy with an engineering product, the design process is implemented on it. For this purpose, a hybrid method based on FMEA, which is a preventive method to identify potential failure modes and prioritize their risk, is employed. The method's output is provided to the QFD algorithm as the needs of product customers. Then, the proposed solutions to prevent failures are weighted and prioritized as the product's technical features. Some modifications are made to the classic form of FMEA in the proposed method to eliminate its deficiencies and contradictions. Therefore, our proposed algorithm is a precautionary approach that works to prevent breakdowns instead of fixing them following their occurrence. This issue is very effective in increasing the efficiency of activities in times of crisis. Eventually, a prioritized list of preventive actions is provided, allowing us to choose from available solutions in the circumstances with limited time and budgetary, where we cannot take all possible actions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatmanur Er ◽  
Behzat Çimen ◽  
Canan Yılmaz ◽  
Erdal Zorba ◽  
Nurten Türközkan

Abstract Objectives This study was performed to investigate whether exercise and quercetin have an effect on muscle energy charge in the metabolic syndrome (MetS) model of rats. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats consisting of Control, Fructose, Quercetin, Exercise, Fructose + Exercise, Fructose + Quercetin, Fructose + Quercetin + Exercise groups were randomly divided into seven groups, six rats in each group. Consequently, it was determined that the 20% fructose supplement for 10 weeks with drinking water let to metabolic syndrome in the animals depending on the increase of systolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride, serum insulin and high HOMA-IR scores. MetS criteria were successfully established by oral fructose administration. Results ATP and AMP levels were higher in fructose and exercise groups, and ADP levels were lower. The energy charge increased in quercetin treated groups. We found that regular aerobic exercise and quercetin application might be beneficial in the fructose-mediated MetS in accordance with previous studies. However it was found that quercetin was more effective than exercise in muscle. Conclusions Consequently, it is thought that the regular aerobic exercise alone is a preventive method for the MetS and also it can be used together with quercetin as a beneficial treatment.


2021 ◽  
pp. 147797142110269
Author(s):  
Denise Calhoun

This paper demonstrates the effects of education on cognitive functioning which could serve as an alternative preventive method to halt or delay cognitive decline in older adults. The purpose of this proposal is to discuss and illustrate the benefits of improving cognitive ability through continuing education. As such, taking advantage of educational programmes that are already in place would not only provide mental stimulation for older adults, but would be a source for social networking, as well as technology training and physical education activities. To establish a link between cognition and education, this paper provides examples from a number of studies as well as a review of a longitudinal study on educational differences in the prevalence of dementia. The findings of this systematic review revealed a connection between cognitive decline and education after considering regions and economic status. Suggestions from these reviews imply that keeping one’s mind stimulated could be influential in delaying the onset of dementia resulting in possibly extending the time older adults are independent.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-246

The os penis is a unique structure existing in some placental mammals, however it predisposes the organ to fracture. Partial penectomy is an incomplete penile amputation which is carried out when the transection site needed. In this report, a clinical case of partial penectomy in a raccoon was described. A 20-month-old, male albino raccoon (Procyon lotor) was referred to University Veterinary Hospital in Universiti Putra Malaysia with the penile prolapse. Preliminary therapeutic plan included prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotic and anti-inflammatory. Partial penectomy was arranged in this case. Postoperative treatment prescribed were fluoroquinolone antibiotic and analgesics. The prognosis was good due to minimal complication. The clinical symptoms on fracture of os penis, complications of partial penectomy, and options for treatment on fracture of os penis were discussed in this report. Castration can be an alternative preventive method to prevent trauma related to the fracture of masturbation os penis.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egger L. Mielberg

Qualitatively new mechanisms for the analysis of blood cells and blood plasma proteins may open up the possibility of constructing a hematological data model (HDM) for early detection of a pathological process during the latent period of the disease. As such mechanisms, we use the algorithms of Sense Theory, new mathematics for artificial intelligence. In this article, we use the results of a clinical blood test as a practical example.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
Jayakrishnan Anilakkad Raman ◽  
Vasanthi Varadharajan

With the pervasive usage of sensing systems and IoT things, the importance of security has increased. Attempts towards breaching IoT security systems by attackers are on upsurge. Many intrusions in embedded systems, sensing equipment and IoT things have occurred in the past. Though there are cyber security tools like Antivirus, Intrusion detection and prevention systems available for securing the digital devices and its networks. However, a forensic methodology to be followed for the analysis and investigation to detect origin cause of network incidents is lacking. This paper derives a comprehensive preventive cyber forensic process model with honeypots for the digital IoT investigation process which is formal, that can assist in the court of law in defining the reliability of the investigative process. One year data of various attacks to the IoT network has been recorded by the honeypots for this study. The newly derived model HIM has been validated using various methods and instead of converging on a particular aspect of investigation, it details the entire lifecycle of IoT forensic investigation. The model is targeted to address the forensic analysts’ requirements and the need of legal fraternity for a forensic model. The process model follows a preventive method which reduce further attacks on network.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2234
Author(s):  
Oscar Illescas ◽  
Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa ◽  
Manuela Gariboldi

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a common feature in colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Adoption of the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for the prevention of multiple diseases, and one of its mechanisms of action is the modulation of the microbiota. We aimed to determine whether MD can be used as a preventive measure against cancer and inflammation-related diseases of the gut, based on its capacity to modulate the local microbiota. A joint meta-analysis of publicly available 16S data derived from subjects following MD or other diets and from patients with CRC, IBD, or other gut-related diseases was conducted. We observed that the microbiota associated with MD was enriched in bacteria that promote an anti-inflammatory environment but low in taxa with pro-inflammatory properties capable of altering intestinal barrier functions. We found an opposite trend in patients with intestinal diseases, including cancer. Some of these differences were maintained even when MD was compared to healthy controls without a defined diet. Our findings highlight the unique effects of MD on the gut microbiota and suggest that integrating MD principles into a person’s lifestyle may serve as a preventive method against cancer and other gut-related diseases.


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