scholarly journals Effects of Stimulus Intensity and Frequency on the Force and Timing of Sensorimotor Synchronisation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Neil P. M. Todd ◽  
Peter E. Keller ◽  
Sendhil Govender ◽  
James G. Colebatch
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Acoustic Intensity ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Sensorimotor Synchronisation ◽  
Timing Strategies ◽  
Electroencephalographic Activity ◽  
Timing Processes ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Abstract We report an experiment to investigate possible vestibular effects on finger tapping to an auditory anapaest rhythm. In a sample of 10 subjects, index finger acceleration and tapping force were recorded along with extensor/flexor activity and the associated electroencephalographic activity measured at central and cerebellar surface electrodes. In a prior session with a standard short air-conducted 500-Hz pip, vestibular evoked myogenic potential thresholds were measured and subsequently used to set the acoustic intensity. During the main experiment subjects were asked to synchronise tapping to the pips arranged in the anapaest at two different frequencies, 500 Hz vs 5 kHz, so that only the low-frequency high-intensity condition was a vestibular, as well as an auditory stimulus. We hypothesised that a vestibular effect would manifest in an interaction between the frequency and intensity factors for a range of dependent measures of tapping performance. No clear evidence was found for vestibular effects, but this was likely due to the confounding effects of an independent effect of intensity and the relative weakness of the acoustic vestibular stimulus. However, the data did show novel evidence for two distinct timing processes for the flexion and extension stages of a tap cycle and two distinct timing strategies, which we refer to as ‘staccato’ and ‘legato’, characterised by different profiles of force and extension.

EXPRESS: The effect of low frequency equalisation on preference and sensorimotor synchronisation in music

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110371
Author(s):  
Scott Beveridge ◽  
Estefanía Cano ◽  
Steffen A. Herff
Keyword(s):  
Body Movement ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Signal Processing Technique ◽  
Band Energy ◽  
Sensorimotor Synchronisation ◽  
Specific Frequency

Equalisation, a signal processing technique commonly used to shape the sound of music, is defined as the adjustment of the energy in specific frequency components of a signal. In this work we investigate the effects of equalisation on preference and sensorimotor synchronisation in music. Twenty-one participants engaged in a goal-directed upper body movement in synchrony with stimuli equalised in three low-frequency sub-bands (0 - 50 Hz, 50 - 100 Hz, 100 - 200 Hz). To quantify the effect of equalisation, music features including spectral flux, pulse clarity, and beat confidence were extracted from seven differently equalised versions of music tracks - one original and six manipulated versions for each music track. These music tracks were then used in a movement synchronisation task. Bayesian mixed effects models revealed different synchronisation behaviours in response to the three sub-bands considered. Boosting energy in the 100 - 200 Hz sub-band reduced synchronisation performance irrespective of the sub-band energy of the original version. An energy boost in the 0 - 50 Hz band resulted in increased synchronisation performance only when the sub-band energy of the original version was high. An energy boost in the 50 - 100 Hz band increased synchronisation performance only when the sub-band energy of the original version was low. Boosting the energy in any of the three subbands increased preference regardless of the energy of the original version. Our results provide empirical support for the importance of low-frequency information for sensorimotor synchronisation and suggest that the effect of equalisation on preference and synchronisation are largely independent of one another.

Assessment of Muscle Activity and Joint Angles in Small-Handed Pianists: A Pilot Study on the 7/8-Sized Keyboard versus the Full-Sized Keyboard

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
B G Wristen ◽  
M C Jung ◽  
A K G Wismer ◽  
M S Hallbeck
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Musical Excerpt ◽  
Muscle Loading ◽  
Maximal Angle ◽  
Flexion And Extension

This pilot study examined whether the use of a 7/8 keyboard contributed to the physical ease of small-handed pianists as compared with the conventional piano keyboard. A secondary research question focused on the progression of physical ease in pianists making the transition from one keyboard to the other. For the purposes of this study, a hand span of 8 inches or less was used to define a “small-handed” pianist. The goal was to measure muscle loading and hand span during performance of a specified musical excerpt. For data collection, each of the two participants was connected to an 8-channel electromyography system via surface electrodes, which were attached to the upper back/shoulder, parts of the hand and arm, and masseter muscle of the jaw. Subjects also were fitted with electrogoniometers to capture how the span from the first metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint to the fifth MCP joint moves according to performance demands, as well as wrist flexion and extension and radial and ulnar deviation. We found that small-handed pianists preferred the smaller keyboard and were able to transition between it and the conventional keyboard. The maximal angle of hand span while playing a difficult piece was about 5º smaller radially and 10º smaller ulnarly for the 7/8 keyboard, leading to perceived ease and better performance as rated by the pianists.

Low-frequency calibration of a multidimensional acoustic intensity probe for application to rocket noise

2011 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 2512-2512
Author(s):  
Jarom H. Giraud ◽  
Kent L. Gee ◽  
Scott D. Sommerfeldt ◽  
R. Troy Taylor ◽  
Jonathan D. Blotter
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Intensity ◽  
Frequency Calibration

Comparison of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials elicited by click and short duration tone burst stimuli

2010 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kumar ◽  
S Kumar Sinha ◽  
A Kumar Bharti ◽  
A Barman
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Tone Burst ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Myogenic Potential ◽  
Electrical Impulses

AbstractIntroduction:Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials are short latency electrical impulses that are produced in response to higher level acoustic stimuli. They are used clinically to diagnose sacculocollic pathway dysfunction.Aim:This study aimed to compare the vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses elicited by click stimuli and short duration tone burst stimuli, in normal hearing individuals.Method:Seventeen subjects participated. In all subjects, we assessed vestibular evoked myogenic potentials elicited by click and short duration tone burst stimuli.Results and conclusion:The latency of the vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses (i.e. the p13 and n23 peaks) was longer for tone burst stimuli compared with click stimuli. The amplitude of the p13–n23 waveform was greater for tone burst stimuli than click stimuli. Thus, the click stimulus may be preferable for clinical assessment and identification of abnormalities as this stimulus has less variability, while a low frequency tone burst stimulus may be preferable when assessing the presence or absence of vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses.

Ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in response to bone-conducted vibration in patients with probable inferior vestibular neuritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (7) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Manzari ◽  
A M Burgess ◽  
I S Curthoys
Keyword(s):  
Sense Organ ◽  
Vestibular Neuritis ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Myogenic Potential ◽  
Function Testing ◽  
Utricular Function

AbstractBackground and aims:Previous evidence shows that the n10 component of the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential indicates utricular function, while the p13 component of the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential indicates saccular function. This study aimed to assess the possibility of differential utricular and saccular function testing in the clinic, and whether loss of saccular function affects utricular response.Methods:Following vibration conduction from the mid-forehead at the hairline, the ocular n10 component was recorded by surface electromyograph electrodes beneath both eyes, while the cervical p13–n23 component was recorded by surface electrodes over the tensed sternocleidomastoid muscles.Results:Fifty-nine patients were diagnosed with probable inferior vestibular neuritis, as their cervical p13–n23 component was asymmetrical (i.e. reduced or absent on the ipsilesional side), while their ocular n10 component was symmetrical (i.e. normal beneath the contralesional eye).Conclusion:The sense organ responsible for the cervical and the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials cannot be the same, as one response was normal while the other was not. Reduced or absent saccular function has no detectable effect on the ocular n10 component. On vibration stimulation, the ocular n10 component indicates utricular function and the cervical p13–n23 component indicates saccular function.

EMG based Exoskeleton for Left Hemiplegia patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 471-478
Author(s):  
A N Nithyaa ◽  
◽  
R. Premkumar ◽  
M Gokul ◽  
C Geetha Aanandhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Severe Stroke ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
Rehabilitation System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Paralysis is a condition in which the muscle function is lost in a part of the body. Paralysis is mainly caused as a result of severe stroke, where in the blood supply to a part of the brain is cut off. Hemiplegiais a type of paralysis which affects half of the body includes one arm and one leg on the same side of the body. The case of left Hemiplegia is taken into account, which is caused by the absence of blood supply to the righthemisphere of the brain. Stationary systems like Lokomat, used in the rehabilitation centres to assist training, provide highly repetitive action and just assistance to the patient’s capabilities while walking on a treadmill. However these systems are not portable and cannot be used for home or daily activities. To overcome this, this paper presents the rehabilitation system, which comprises of an exoskeleton that aids the movement of the left upper limb. The entire system is driven by a motor through a microcontroller system which assists patient’s flexion and extension movements. Meanwhile, EMG signal can be recorded by placing surface electrodes to know the recovery of physiological motor function.

Muscular Forces and Joint Angles in Small-Handed Pianists: A Pilot Study on the 7/8 Size Keyboard versus the Full Size Keyboard

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (18) ◽  
pp. 1752-1756
Author(s):  
B.G. Wristen ◽  
A.K.G. Wismer ◽  
M.-C Jung ◽  
M.S. Hallbeck
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Masseter Muscle ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Muscle Loading ◽  
Maximal Angle ◽  
Flexion And Extension

This pilot study examined whether the use of a 7/8 keyboard contributed to the physical ease of small-handed pianists in comparison with the conventional piano keyboard. A secondary research question focused on the transition from one keyboard to the other. For the purposes of this study, we adopted David Steinbuhler's postulated hand span of 8 inches or less as defining a “small-handed' pianist. The goal was to measure muscle loading and hand span during performance of the excerpt. Data collection included each participant being monitored using electromyography via surface electrodes, which were attached to the upper back/shoulder, parts of the hand and arm, and the masseter muscle of the jaw. Subjects were also fitted with electrogoniometers to capture how the span from the first metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint to the fifth MCP joint moved according to performance demands, as well as recording wrist flexion and extension, radial and ulnar deviation. The findings were that small-handed pianists preferred the smaller keyboard and were able to transition smoothly between it and the conventional keyboard. The maximal angle of hand span while playing a difficult piece averaged about 5° smaller on the radial side and 10° smaller on the ulnar side for the 7/8 keyboard, leading to perceived comfort (ease) and better performance as rated by the subjects.

Electrophysiology of the undergraduate neuroscience student: a laboratory exercise in human electromyography.

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (6) ◽  
pp. S42 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Lennartz
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Regular Part ◽  
Knee Jerk ◽  
Laboratory Exercise ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Additional Equipment ◽  
Flexion And Extension

A laboratory exercise is described in which students in a neuroscience, psychobiology, or similar laboratory course record the electromyogram (EMG) from themselves, using surface electrodes (placed on the skin). This exercise is intended to give students a firsthand demonstration that electrical activity is produced within them and to allow the students to use this activity to study biological and psychological concepts. The students study the nature of the EMG (changes with tension and the temporal relationship with limb movement) and the concepts of flexion and extension, reaction time, and patellar ("knee jerk") reflex. In postlaboratory evaluations, undergraduate introductory neuroscience students indicated that they appreciated the opportunity to record electrical activity from their own bodies. The students found the exercise enjoyable, believed that they had learned from it, and indicated that it should be a regular part of the course. If electrophysiology in animal preparations is already part of the course, this exercise requires minimal additional equipment, some of which is easily constructed and the reminder of which is available inexpensively.

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