Notaries and Basic-Level Society: A Study of the Itinerant Notary System during the Republican Period

Rural China ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-338
Author(s):  
Yulong Guo (郭玉龙)
Keyword(s):  
Rural China ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Legal Institution ◽  
The West ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
Important Measure ◽  
Nationalist Government ◽  
Basic Level

Abstract The itinerant notary system was an important measure taken by the Nationalist government in Nanjing to enhance its control of grassroots society in rural China. There was no intent to challenge the central government’s wishes of “enlarging government revenues for the benefit of the state treasury” and safeguarding the integrity of the central government’s jurisdiction, which made smooth implementation of the itinerant notary system possible. It was against this background that the court of Linxia, Gansu province, expanded its reach to local business centers, selected superintendents of public notaries from among local gentry elites, and offered awards for notary services. The itinerant notary system thus combined a “modern” legal institution transplanted from the West with endogenous resources, and turned out to be an experiment conducive to overcoming the either/or binary of Western vs. Chinese, exploring a pluralistic and less disruptive path of institutional development.

Economic and Legal Support for Commercialization of Intellectual Property in Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina ◽  
I. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
The West ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Context

The article is devoted to the analysis of the changes in economic and legal context for commercial application of intellectual property created under federal budgetary financing. Special attention is given to the role of the state and to comparison of key elements of mechanisms for commercial application of intellectual property that are currently under implementation in Russia and in the West. A number of practical suggestions are presented aimed at improving government stimuli to commercialization of intellectual property created at budgetary expense.

How to Define the Czechoslovak Underground

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Barbara Bothová
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The West ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Third ◽  
Key Events

What is an underground? Is it possible to embed this particular way of life into any definition? After all, even underground did not have the need to define itself at the beginning. The presented text represents a brief reflection of the development of underground in Czechoslovakia; attention is paid to the impulses from the West, which had a significant influence on the underground. The text focuses on the key events that influenced the underground. For example, the “Hairies (Vlasatci)” Action, which took place in 1966, and the State Security activity in Rudolfov in 1974. The event in Rudolfov was an imaginary landmark and led to the writing of a manifesto that came into history as the “Report on the Third Czech Musical Revival.”

The Munich conference of Minister-Presidents of German lands in 1947

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-2) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
Ivan Popov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Governments ◽  
The West ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

The paper deals with the organization and decisions of the conference of the Minister-Presidents of German lands in Munich on June 6-7, 1947, which became the one and only meeting of the heads of the state governments of the western and eastern occupation zones before the division of Germany. The conference was the first experience of national positioning of the regional elite and clearly demonstrated that by the middle of 1947, not only between the allies, but also among German politicians, the incompatibility of perspectives of further constitutional development was existent and all the basic conditions for the division of Germany became ripe. Munich was the last significant demonstration of this disunity and the moment of the final turn towards the three-zone orientation of the West German elite.

scholarly journals Restructuring the State: Policy Transition of Construction Land Supply in Urban and Rural China

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Renhao Yang ◽  
Qingyuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Rural China ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Central State ◽  
Land Supply ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
State Functions

Encountering the articulation of the strongness of local authorities and market forces in China’s development, attention has been paid to the changing central state which recentralised the regulation capability of localities which has more discretional power on resources utilisation, land for example, in the post-reform era. Yet it is still not clear-cut what drives the state rescaling in terms of land governance and by what ways. After dissecting the evolving policies and practices of construction land supply in China with the focus on the roles of state, we draw two main conclusions. First, the policy trajectory of construction land supply entails a complicated reconfiguration of state functions, which is driven by three interwoven relations: land–capital relation, peasant–state relation and rural–urban relation. Second, state rescaling in terms of the governance of construction land provision works via four important approaches: limited decentralism, horizontal integralism, local experimentalism and political mobilisationism. By reviewing the institutional arrangements of construction land provision and the state rescaling process behind them, this article offers a nuanced perspective to the state (re)building that goes beyond the simplified (vertical or horizontal) transition of state functions.

Science Studies and Early Modern Ottoman Science

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-587
Author(s):  
B. Harun Küçük
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
The West ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Local Perspective ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
Geographies Of Science ◽  
Middle East History

This short essay focuses on three issues: how science studies may facilitate the rapprochement between the philological study of scientific texts and Middle East history; how it may help us reconsider ambiguous if not “black-boxed” terms such as the “state,” “Islam,” and the “West”; and finally, how it may build thematic and theoretical bridges with other histories and geographies of science currently emerging from a more global, and not merely local, perspective.

Contestația privind tergiversarea procesului. Aspecte teoretice şi practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2021) ◽  
pp. 259-287
Author(s):  
Tudor BURLACU ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Procedure ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Institution ◽  
Civil Trials ◽  
Effective Remedy

"This article examines the legal institution of the challenge against the delaying of proceedings, having as premise the raison d’être of this institution. The Romanian legislator took a first step towards conducting proceedings if not within an optimal and foreseeable period, at least within a reasonable one, by amending the Code of Civil Procedure to introduce the institution of the challenge meant to expedite the conducting of civil trials. Throughout this article we will look at how the challenge against the delaying of proceedings has been regulated, but in particular at the problems that have arisen in practice. Finally, several proposals de lege ferenda are put forward, which should be implemented by the legislator in order for this legal institution to achieve the purpose for which it has been adopted, followed by a few conclusions reflecting the state of play of this institution, but especially answering the question of whether the challenge against the delaying of proceedings is an effective remedy, within the meaning of art. 13 of the Convention, against the excessive duration of proceedings."

Pregnancies and Pregnancy Desires at the State Level: Estimates for 2017 and Trends Since 2012

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Kost ◽  
◽  
Isaac Maddow-Zimet ◽  
Ashley C. Little
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Clear Pattern ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

Key Points In almost all U.S. states, pregnancies reported as occurring at the right time or being wanted sooner than they occurred comprised the largest share of pregnancies in 2017, though proportions varied widely by state. The proportion of pregnancies that were wanted later or unwanted was higher in the South and Northeast than in other regions, and the proportion of pregnancies that occurred at the right time or were wanted sooner was higher in the West and Midwest. From 2012 to 2017, the wanted-later-or-unwanted pregnancy rate fell in the majority of states. However, no clear pattern emerged for any changes in the rate of pregnancies that were reported as wanted then or sooner or in the rate of those for which individuals expressed uncertainty.

scholarly journals Presence of anti-Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis antibodies in blood donors in the West-Central region of the State of Paraná, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lais de Souza Braga ◽  
Taísa Rocha Navasconi ◽  
Elen Paula Leatte ◽  
Cissiara Manetti Skraba ◽  
Thaís Gomes Verzignassi Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
The State ◽  
The West ◽  
West Central
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