How to Define the Czechoslovak Underground

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Barbara Bothová
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The West ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Third ◽  
Key Events

What is an underground? Is it possible to embed this particular way of life into any definition? After all, even underground did not have the need to define itself at the beginning. The presented text represents a brief reflection of the development of underground in Czechoslovakia; attention is paid to the impulses from the West, which had a significant influence on the underground. The text focuses on the key events that influenced the underground. For example, the “Hairies (Vlasatci)” Action, which took place in 1966, and the State Security activity in Rudolfov in 1974. The event in Rudolfov was an imaginary landmark and led to the writing of a manifesto that came into history as the “Report on the Third Czech Musical Revival.”

Globalization and the death of liberal democracy

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cammack
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Third World ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
The State ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

It is doubtful as to whether the countries of the Third World are likely to move to the kind of liberal democracy that is regarded as characteristic of the West. In particular, parties are often remaining ‘parties of the State’ and not organizations truly competing with each other. This is in part a consequence of economic globalization, as the requirements of global economic liberalization do not fit with the requirements of democracy. In such a context, clientelism around the State may be inevitable and it contributes to ensuring that the main party in the country, and indeed all parties become ‘parties of the State’, as is the case in Mexico or Malaysia and perhaps in the Ukraine and South Africa. Thus, globalization does not mean the end of the State, but possibly the end of liberal democracy.

scholarly journals POLITICAL POLICE OF KOSTROMA PROVINCE AND ITS CADRE PERSONNEL IN 1826–1867

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Gennadiy G. Bril’ ◽  
Leonid N. Zaytsev
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Order ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Third ◽  
Successful Career ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article examines the process of origin and formation of the political police of Kostroma Province in the mid-19th century. Special attention is paid to the issue of its staffi ng and the wide use of army offi cers for service in the political police. The chronological framework covers a little-studied period of activity of the political police in Kostroma Province. The authors of the article note that the Highest orders of military ranks that had a special place in the appointment of the headquarters and chief offi cers of the political police. On the basis of archival materials, the main directions of service activities of the highest ranks of the political police in the region are analysed. The article reveals the contribution of the gendarmes’ Corps chiefs to the protection of public order during the period under review. The author reveals the attitude of the authorities to literacy among the lower ranks of the gendarmerie. On the basis of historical and archival documents, it is concluded that the successful career of offi cers was promoted by conscientious performance of their offi cial duties, their «excellent-diligent and zealous service». It is concluded that special attention was paid to discipline among the gendarmes. The political police were independent of other branches of government, and were subordinate only to the headquarters of the gendarmes’ corps and the third division of His Imperial Majesty’s own offi ce. Gaps in the historical and legal coverage of the work of the state security Agency in the province of the Russian Empire at the fi rst stage of its existence are fi lled.

PENERAPAN REKABENTUK BUMBUNG RUMAH MELAYU TERENGGANU DI DALAM PEMBANGUNAN TERENGGANU

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Nor Hamizah Hamid ◽  
Nor Hidayah Rameli
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
The State ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The West ◽  
Roof Design

AbstrakSenibina rumah tradisional Melayu adalah salah satu warisan pertukangan yang mencerminkan identitimasyarakat Melayu. Ia bukan sahaja merupakan tempat tinggal malahan ia adalah cara hidup dankebudayaan masyarakat Melayu itu. Keindahan dan keunikan yang terdapat pada rekabentuk warisansenibina tradisioanal Melayu adalah hasil pemikiran orang Melayu. Penerapan senibina masakini terhadaprekabentuk bumbung rumah tradisional Melayu terutamanya di negeri Terengganu dapat dilihat di dalampembangunan negeri Terengganu. Kajian ini antara lain membuat pengkhususan ke atas senibinabumbung rumah tradisional Melayu Terengganu bagi melihat dengan jelas akan keunikan yang terdapatdi sebalik rekabentuk yang nyata berbeza berbanding dengan kebanyakan senibina bumbung rumahMelayu lain di Pantai barat Semenanjung dengan mengambil kira ciri-ciri rekabentuk bumbung senibinarumah tradisional Melayu Terengganu. Abstract Architectural traditional Malay house is one of the crafts that reflect the heritage of Malay identity. It isnot only a place to live but it is a way of life and culture of the Malays. The beauty and uniqueness indesign of traditional Malay architectural heritage is the result of thinking of the Malays. Application of thepresent architecture on of the traditional Malay house roof design especially in the state of Terengganucan be seen in the development of the state. This study among others specialises on traditional Malayarchitectural roof Terengganu to see if there uniqueness prevails despite substantially different designcompared to most other Malay architectural roofs in the west Coast, taking into account the characteristicsof a traditional malay roof design architecture in Terengganu.

Roman Education in the Late Republic and Early Empire

1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Eyre
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Early Date ◽  
Formal Knowledge ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
The Third ◽  
Magna Graecia ◽  
Intellectual Achievement ◽  
New Ideas

Early Roman education had been based on the mos maiorum rather than on reason, the guiding light of Greek education. It had been education not so much for intellectual achievement as for a clearly envisaged type of character, summed up in the word gravitas. A Roman, learning a way of life rather than a body of formal knowledge, was ‘usu … et domesticis praeceptis multo magis eruditus quam litteris’. This training was conducted largely by the father and was entirely un-supervised by the state, hi contrast with education in Hellenistic cities, whence, by 100 b.c., many new ideas had come. Such training, however, though suitable for a rural community, was bound to change when Rome became a city and when foreign campaigns during the expansion of her empire took fathers away from home for months on end. Moreover the influence which had been exerted from an early date by the near-by cities of Magna Graecia began to increase after the capture of Tarentum in 272 b.c., and the result of Rome's successive conquests of Sicily, Macedonia, Greece, and Asia during the third and second centuries was so great an increase of Greek culture in Roman life that Horace was finally able to say ‘Graecia capta ferum captorem cepit et artis | intulit agresti Latio’.

scholarly journals Wpływ „kryzysu migracyjnego” na bezpieczeństwo Niemiec i Polski

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-119
Author(s):  
Edyta Chwiej
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Real ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Third ◽  
Migration Experiences ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to study the impact of the “migrant crisis” in 2015 and 2016 on German and Polish security. The article is divided into three parts. The first presents the causes and the evolution of the “migrant crisis” in the European Union. The second part compares previous migration experiences of Germany and Poland. The third part examines the state security implications of the last “crisis”. According to the author, the real impact of the migration processes on the state security is largely determined by the capacity of a government to deal with the changes that occur.

(Non)dangerous Enemies of the Regime: Unknown Stories of Three Famous Women of the Agrarian Party

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-324
Author(s):  
Nurie Muratova
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
The State ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
True Story ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
Agrarian Movement ◽  
Totalitarian State

The paper follows the life trajectory of three women - Rayna Lapardova (1904-1980), Nevena Elmazova (1895-1981) and Tsvetana Tsacheva (1896-1974), who are not even mentioned in the history of the Bulgarian Agrarian Movement to which they devoted their lives nor yet in the stories about the resistance against the communist regime whose victims they became. The Bulgarian Agrarian Union was the biggest political party before the communist take over on 9th of September 1944. In the 1940s and 1950s the members of the Union were supressed and persecuted by the authorities. The author discovered the contradiction between the official archive documents about them and the documents of the repressive services of the totalitarian state. The two sources presented two different stories of the same person. The official archive memory about them contradicts to the true story of their difficult lives which could be reconstructed from their State Security dossiers. Two of them (Rayna Lapardova and Tsvetana Tsacheva) spent several years in the working camps, and the third one (Nevena Elmazova) was kept under observation and under pressure by the State Security for 10 years.

OREL SECURITY OFFICER GAVRIIL STARINOV

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
M.V. SOKOLOV ◽  
◽  
A.V. MERKULOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Career Ladder ◽  
The South ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The West ◽  
Security Officer ◽  
State Security ◽  
Great Patriotic War

The purpose of the article is to study G. G. Starinov’s biography as a successful employee of the state security agencies of 1920s – 1950s. He worked his way up the career ladder from an ordinary courier to the Deputy Chief of the Republican Department of the KGB. Starting his chekist service in the Orel prov-ince, he served in the Central black earth region, visited the Urals, the South – in the Tajik SSR and the Turkmen SSR, and in the West – in the Moldavian SSR and the Estonian SSR. G.G. Starinov held senior positions in SMERSH during the Great Patriotic War. He was wounded and awarded the state awards. Besides serving in the state security agencies, G. G. Starinov served in the army, in the SPU, and in the civil service.

scholarly journals The Crisis of Thought and Ijtihad

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-237
Author(s):  
Taha J. Al 'Alwani
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The West ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Face ◽  
New Type

The Muslim mind experienced a crisis of thought when, duting theearly centuries of the Islamic eta, ijtihad began to be viewed as limitedto legal matters rather than as a methodology for dealing with all aspectsof life. This limited understanding engendered a malaise that allowedtaqlid to attain such prominence and tespectability that its cancetous, constricting,and irrelevant fiqh spread throughout Muslim life. Had ijtihadretained mote of its lexical meaning and cteativity, and had fiqh beenconsidered only one of its uses, perhaps Muslims would have overcomemany of the problems that confronted them. However, this patticularizationof ijtihad confined the Muslim mind, and taqlid eventually led tothe paralysis of its creative abilities.Had ijtihad remained a way of life for Muslims as Allah commanded,they would not have fallen behind in establishing the Islamic sciencesnecessary for their society and civilization. They also would not have hadto watch the reins of leadership fall pass to the West, whose most importantqualification was its ability to engage in creative and scientific teasoning.Although its intellectual tradition was tainted with pagan Greekinfluences, the West achieved world leadetship. Had Muslims taken upthose sciences and laid the foundations of society on the basis of tawbd(unity), the face of the earth would be different today and the state of civilizationitself would be fat more felicitous than it is at present.Before ijtihad was confined to the purely legalistic framework of fiqh,the Muslim mind was enlightened, eager to deal with all manner ofthought, and able to meet challenges, generate solutions, and achieve itsgoals. Had it not been for taqlid and its subduing of the Muslim mind,that mind would have achieved great things. Certainly, a mind with itsbeginnings in the verse, "Read! in the name of your Lord Who created. . ." should be mote than able to renew the ummah's mentality, to continuallyadjust to changing circumstances, and to initiate the sciences ofcivilization at a time when the West was o v e m by wild forest tribes.What Do We Mean by Ijtihad?For the teasons indicated above, we ate calling for a new type of ijtihad.Rather than the ijtihad specified by the scholars of usd, which will ...

Health Informatics Education in the Third World

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 270-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Rienhoff
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Third World ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Educational Tools ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

Abstract:The state of the art is summarized showing many efforts but only few results which can serve as demonstration examples for developing countries. Education in health informatics in developing countries is still mainly dealing with the type of health informatics known from the industrialized world. Educational tools or curricula geared to the matter of development are rarely to be found. Some WHO activities suggest that it is time for a collaboration network to derive tools and curricula within the next decade.

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