Wood Anatomy of Three Lesser Known Species from Mozambique

IAWA Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Uetimane Junior ◽  
Nasko Terziev ◽  
Geoffrey Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Natural Durability ◽  
Ground Tissue ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy ◽  
Diffuse Porous

Three lesser known wood species from Mozambique were studied to generate information for identification purposes and facilitate the introduction of these species into the wood working industry by assigning or widening the potential uses of these species. Selected anatomical features were used to predict some important wood properties, subsequently confirmed by measurements of both density and impregnability. Comparative wood anatomy showed that all three wood species have anatomical features typical for their genus after comparisons with their closest relatives. Both ntholo (Pseudolachnostylis maprounaefolia Pax) and muanga (Pericopsis angolensis Meeuwen) are diffuse-porous (with 14–24 and 16–20 vessels/mm2 respectively), have extractives in the heartwood vessels and thick-walled fibres, features consistent with good natural durability and strength respectively. Metil (Sterculia appendiculata K. Schum.) is also diffuse-porous with very wide vessels at much lower frequency (<5/mm2), it lacks extractives in the heartwood vessels, and thin-walled axial and ray parenchyma constitutes the bulk of the ground tissue. This set of characteristics makes the wood light and satisfactory for construction purposes but highly vulnerable to biodegradation.

Comparative Wood Anatomy of Southern South American Cupressaceae

IAWA Journal ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidel A. Roig
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Parenchyma Cell ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
South American ◽  
Distributional Pattern ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy ◽  
Fitzroya Cupressoides

The wood anatomy is described for the Cupressaceae indigenous to southem South America: Austrocedrus chilensis, Pilgerodendron uviferum and Fitzroya cupressoides. The abundance and distributional pattern of axial parenchyma within each annual ring, height, and the presence or absence of nodules in the end walls of ray parenchyma are all useful anatomical features for distinguishing between the three species. Physical characteristics such as odour and heartwood colour also can be used to separate these species. Axial parenchyma cell length and tracheid length show considerable interspecific variation. Tracheid lengths of Pilgerodendron, but not of Austrocedrus and Fitzroya, decrease with increasing latitude.

REEXAMINATION OF WOOD ANATOMICAL FEATURES IN PINUS KREMPFII (PINACEAE)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie M. Ickert-Bond
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Tangential Wall ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Resin Canals ◽  
Made In

Wood anatomy of Pinus krempfii Lecomte, a pine endemic to Vietnam, is described using twig and mature wood collections made in 1995. Characteristics of Pinus krempfii wood include axial and radial resin canals with 6–8 thin-walled epithelial cells; latewood tracheids with tangential wall pitting; lignified ray parenchyma with 2–5 pinoid pits per cross-field; and few to no ray tracheids. Longitudinal tracheid diameter and ray height are smaller in the twig wood than in the mature wood. These features, especially the near absence of ray tracheids, suggest a relationship with Pinus subgenus Strobus section Parrya subsection Balfourianae, which includes P. aristata Engelm. and P. longaeva D. Bailey.

Unraveling the natural durability of wood: revealing the impact of decay-influencing characteristics other than fungicidal components

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselotte De Ligne ◽  
Jan Van den Bulcke ◽  
Jan M. Baetens ◽  
Bernard De Baets ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Natural Durability ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Material Characteristics ◽  
The One ◽  
Block Test ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe effect of fungicidal components in wood has been known for ages, yet there is no method to assess the impact of such components on the durability of a wood species, as compared to other material characteristics that influence decay. In this paper, the importance of fungicidal effects on the natural durability of 10 wood species is assessed in relation to other decay-influencing factors with a new test, the so-called ‘paste test’. By comparing results from this test with the ‘mini-block test’, on both heartwood and leached sapwood, insight is gained into the significance of fungicidal components on the one hand and other material characteristics on the other hand. The durability of species such as Prunus avium was attributed mainly to fungicidal components. For species such as Pterocarpus soyauxii, durability seemed to be an effect of both fungicidal components and moisture-regulating components, while the latter seemed to be of main importance in regulating the decay of Aucoumea klaineana and Entandrophragma cylindricum. Wood-anatomical features, such as the parenchyma content (in case of brown rot fungi) and the vessel-fiber ratio, possibly affect degradation as well. This work shows that fungicidal components are not always of major importance for the durability of a wood species. The authors hereby emphasize the importance of moisture-regulating components and wood anatomy on the durability of wood.

Wood anatomy of the neotropical liana lineage Paullinia L. (Sapindaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-300
Author(s):  
Joyce G. Chery ◽  
Israel L. da Cunha Neto ◽  
Marcelo R. Pace ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez ◽  
Chelsea D. Specht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Phylogenetic Constraint ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Cambial Variants

Abstract The liana genus Paullinia L. is one of the most speciose in the neotropics and is unusual in its diversity of stem macromorphologies and cambial conformations. These so-called “vascular cambial variants” are morphologically disparate, evolutionarily labile, and are implicated in injury repair and flexibility. In this study, we explore at the finer scale how wood anatomy translates into functions related to the climbing habit. We present the wood anatomy of Paullinia and discuss the functional implications of key anatomical features. Wood anatomy characters were surveyed for 21 Paullinia species through detailed anatomical study. Paullinia woods have dimorphic vessels, rays of two size classes, and both septate and non-septate fibers. Fibriform vessels, fusiform axial parenchyma, and elements morphologically intermediate between fibers and axial parenchyma were observed. Prismatic crystals are common in the axial and/or ray parenchyma, and laticifers are present in the cortex and/or the early-formed secondary phloem. Some features appear as unique to Paullinia or the Sapindaceae, such as the paucity of axial parenchyma and the abundance of starch storing fibers. Although many features are conserved across the genus, the Paullinia wood anatomy converges on several features of the liana-specific functional anatomy expressed across distantly related lianas, demonstrating an example of convergent evolution. Hence, the conservation of wood anatomy in Paullinia suggests a combination of phylogenetic constraint as a member of Sapindaceae and functional constraint from the liana habit.

scholarly journals Anatomical comparison of branches and trunks of seven commercial wood species

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012071
Author(s):  
R G H Rahmanto ◽  
R Damayanti ◽  
D A Agustiningrum ◽  
C Oktapiani ◽  
E R Satiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
International Association ◽  
Wood Property ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Effective Use

Abstract Indonesia is a mega-biodiversity country that grows about 4000 timber producer tree species in tropical rain forest. The comprehensive information of wood properties and quality is important in managing the natural resources sustainably. However, stem in basic properties studies of wood from the natural forest is limited because of some difficulties in harvesting until the transportation process. Hence, study the wood branches becomes a solution, as sometimes wood core samples are not adequate. The question was whether the branch properties could represent the main stem properties? Wood anatomy is an important wood property that can predict the other properties, for instance, the physical and mechanical properties, that determine the effective use of this material. This paper aims to present the comparison of wood anatomical properties of branches and main stem of seven commercial wood species. Quantitative and qualitative anatomical structures were investigated according to the International Association of Wood Anatomist (IAWA) Committee. Result shows that the quantitative wood anatomy of four samples (Mimba, Leda, Jabon, and Bintangur) was statistically different, while only one parameter in Tusam, Mindi, and Khaya was different. Accordingly, it can be concluded that studying the wood properties could be carried out using branch effectively.

WOOD ANATOMY OF MYRCIARIA, NEOMITRANTHES, PLINIA AND SIPHONEUGENA SPECIES (MYRTEAE, MYRTACEAE)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel U.C.A. Santos ◽  
Cátia H. Callado ◽  
Marcelo da Costa Souza ◽  
Cecilia G. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Square Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Fruit Characters

Myrciaria, Neomitranthes, Plinia and Siphoneugena are closely related genera whose circumscriptions are controversial. The distinctions between Myrciaria vs. Plinia, and Neomitranthes vs. Siphoneugena, have been based on a few fruit characters. The wood anatomy of 24 species of these genera was examined to determine if wood anatomical features could help delimit the genera. It was determined the four genera cannot reliably be separated by wood anatomy alone. Characteristics seen in all four genera are: growth rings usually poorly-defined; diffuse porous; exclusively solitary vessels, usually circular to oval in outline; simple perforation plates; vessel-ray pits alternate and distinctly bordered; fibers with distinctly bordered pits in radial and tangential walls, usually very thickwalled; vasicentric tracheids typically absent; scanty paratracheal parenchyma, sometimes unilateral, and diffuse to diffuse-in-aggregates; chambered crystalliferous axial parenchyma in many species, usually both prismatic and smaller crystals; rays 1–4-seriate, uniseriate rays composed of upright/square cells, multiseriate rays with procumbent body cells and 1 to many marginal rows of upright/square cells; disjunctive ray parenchyma cells usually present.

Wood Anatomy Of Seven Species Of Tachigali (Caesalpinioideae–Leguminosae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahysa M. Macedo ◽  
Claudia F. Barros ◽  
Haroldo C. Lima ◽  
Cecília G. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Significance ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Thin Walled

This article describes the wood anatomy of seven species of Tachigali Aublet with the aim of identifying 1) diagnostic characters at the species level and 2) anatomical features with potential for future combined morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Tachigali species present fibre dimorphism and can be grouped according to the arrangement of the thin-walled fibres: tangential bands of thin-walled fibres alternating with thick-walled fibres, as in T. duckei and T. vulgaris; wavy bands , as in T. paratyensis, T. glauca and T. vulgaris; well-developed bands to describe the abundance of thin-walled fibres in contrast to thick-walled fibres, as in T. denudata and T. pilgeriana; and in islands or groups of thin-walled fibres scattered among ordinary fibres. It is recommended to explore the phylogenetic significance of the different types of fibre dimorphism in future combined molecular and morphological cladistics analyses.

Comparative wood anatomy of Juniperus from Macaronesia

IAWA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma de Palacios ◽  
Luis G. Esteban ◽  
Francisco G. Fernández ◽  
Alberto García-Iruela ◽  
María Conde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Natural Region ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Number Of Cells

The wood anatomy of the three species of Juniperus occurring in Macaronesia is compared for the first time using representative samples of each species collected in its natural region of provenance: J. cedrus Webb & Berthel and J. phoenicea L. var. canariensis Guyot, in the Canary Islands, and J. brevifolia (Seub.) Antoine, in the Azores. The three species are anatomically similar, although some qualitative differences were observed: distribution of axial parenchyma very scarce in J. phoenicea compared with the other two species, presence of crassulae only in J. phoenicea, presence of torus extensions and notches on pit borders in the radial walls of J. brevifolia, and ray parenchyma end walls slightly nodular in J. cedrus as opposed to very nodular in J. phoenicea and J. brevifolia. In addition, the biometry of tracheid pit diameter in the radial walls, ray height in number of cells, and largest and smallest diameters of cross-field pits shows differences for a significance level of 95%.

Comparative Wood Anatomy of Pinus Sylvestris and Its Var. Compacta in the West Black Sea Region of Turkey

IAWA Journal ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbaros Yaman
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The West ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
Anatomical Properties ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy ◽  
West Black Sea Region

Pinus sylvestris L. subsp. hamata (Steven) Fomin var. compacta Tosun is quite different from the common form of P. sylvestris in its external morphology. The size of the needles, cones and seeds of the former are significantly smaller than those of the latter. Besides, this variety branches out beginning from the ground level, and has very dense branches and needles. The present study describes the anatomical properties of the wood of P. sylvestris var. compacta and compares them with typical P. sylvestris. The woods of these taxa have the same qualitative anatomical features, but most of the quantitative anatomical characteristics show significant differences: variety compacta has lower values than common P. sylvestris in tracheid length and diameter, ray height and bordered pit diameter.

scholarly journals Anatomia da madeira de três lauráceas da Floresta Estacional de Misiones, Argentina

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciela Inês Bolzon de Muñiz ◽  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Microscopic Features

The wood anatomy of Nectandra lanceolata Nees et Mart. Ex Nees, Nectandra saligna Nees et Mart. ex Nees and Ocotea puberula Nees are studied in their general and microscopic features. The three species share the most important anatomical features, described in the literature for the Lauraceae family. Nectandra lanceolata may be easily set apart from the other two species by the absence of crystals in its wood. Nectandra saligna, on the other hand, distinguishes itself from Ocotea puberula by the abundance of crystals in the ray structure and by the presence of oil cells, both in axial and ray parenchyma.

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