Climatic Reconstructions Using Tree-Ring Data from Tropical and Temperate Regions of India - A Review

IAWA Journal ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalava Bhattacharyya ◽  
Ram R. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Tree Ring Data

There are several reports which indicate that the c1imate over the Himalayan region is linked both with the monsoon variation on the Indian subcontinent and in the whole of South-East Asia as well as with the El-Niño/Southem Oscillation. To understand the behaviour ofthese c1imatic phenomena we need long-term high-resolution c1imatic records which are in generallacking in this part of the globe. Tree-ring studies have therefore been taken up in the tropical and Himalayan region in India to develop millennium-long c1imatic reconstructions.

Spatio-temporal variability of lightning and convective activity over South/South-East Asia with an emphasis during El Niño and La Niña

2017 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 150-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upal Saha ◽  
Devendraa Siingh ◽  
S.K. Midya ◽  
R.P. Singh ◽  
A.K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
El Nino ◽  
La Niña ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Convective Activity ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Spatio Temporal

El Nino threat will cloud ASEAN economic outlook

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Weather Phenomenon ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Climatic Pattern

Subject Outlook for the impact of the El Nino weather phenomenon on South-east Asia. Significance The El Nino Southern Oscillation climatic pattern spreading across South-east Asia is expected to be the most severe to affect the region since 1997-98. Building since the middle of this year, the 2015-16 El Nino will bring flooding and drought that will disrupt agricultural production, exports and water-dependent industries, and trigger labour migrations to cities. Impacts Smaller harvests will constrain potential export earnings from agricultural shipments. Economic growth will suffer into 2016, with Indonesia and the Philippines probably affected the most. Flooding will probably increase the incidence of water-borne and crop diseases.

scholarly journals Two Centuries-Long Streamflow Reconstruction Inferred from Tree Rings for the Middle Reaches of the Weihe River in Central China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Liu ◽  
Guang Bao ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Hans W. Linderholm
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Central China ◽  
Streamflow Reconstruction ◽  
Weihe River ◽  
June July ◽  
Weihe River Basin

Water source is one of the most important concerns for regional society and economy development, especially in the Weihe River basin which is located in the marginal zone of the Asian summer monsoon. Due to the weakness of short instrumental records, the variations of streamflow during the long-term natural background are difficult to access. Herein, the average June–July streamflow variability in the middle reaches of the Weihe River was identified based on tree-ring width indices of Chines pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) from the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains in central China. Our model could explain the variance of 39.3% in the observed streamflow period from 1940 to 1970 AD. There were 30 extremely low years and 26 high years which occurred in our reconstruction for the effective span of 1820 to 2005. Several common dryness and wetness periods appeared in this reconstructed streamflow, and other tree-ring precipitation series suggested the coherence of hydroclimate fluctuation over the Weihe River basin. Some significant peaks in cycles implied the linkages of natural forcing on the average June–July streamflow of the Weihe River, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activities. Spatial correlation results between streamflow and sea surface temperature in the northern Pacific Ocean, as well as extremely low/high years responding to the El Niño/La Nina events, supported the teleconnections. The current 186-year streamflow reconstruction placed regional twentieth-century drought and moisture events in a long-term perspective in the Weihe River basin, and provided useful information for regional water resource safety and forest management, particularly under climate warming conditions.

CO emissions from biomass burning in South-east Asia in the 2006 El Niño year: shipboard and AIRS satellite observations

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Nara ◽  
Hiroshi Tanimoto ◽  
Yukihiro Nojiri ◽  
Hitoshi Mukai ◽  
Jiye Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Tropical Pacific Ocean ◽  
Range Transport

Environmental contextAtmospheric carbon monoxide greatly affects the abundance of environmentally important gases, including methane, hydrochlorofluorocarbons and tropospheric ozone. We present evidence for episodes of CO pollution over the tropical Pacific Ocean resulting from intensive biomass burning in South-east Asia and Northern Australia during the 2006 El Niño year. We discuss the locations of the CO emissions and their long-range transport. AbstractBiomass burning is often associated with climate oscillations. For example, biomass burning in South-east Asia is strongly linked to El Niño–southern oscillation activity. During October and November of the 2006 El Niño year, a substantial increase in CO mixing ratios was detected over the Western tropical Pacific Ocean by shipboard observations routinely operated between Japan and Australia and New Zealand. Combining in-situ measurements, satellite observations, and an air trajectory model simulation, two high CO episodes were identified originating from biomass burning in Borneo, Sumatra, New Guinea, and Northern Australia. Between 15°N and the Equator, marked CO enhancements were encountered associated with a significant correlation between CO and CO2 and between CO and O3. The ΔCO/ΔCO2 ratio observed in the fire plume was considerably high (171 ppbv ppmv–1), suggesting substantial contributions from peat soil burning in Indonesia. In contrast, the ΔO3/ΔCO ratio was only 0.05 ppbv ppbv–1, indicating that net photochemical production of O3 in the plume was negligible during long-range transport in the lower troposphere over the Western tropical North Pacific.

scholarly journals El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effect on interannual variability in spring aerosols over East Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 5919-5933
Author(s):  
Anbao Zhu ◽  
Haiming Xu ◽  
Jiechun Deng ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Shuhui Li
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
La Nina

Abstract. Effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the interannual variability in spring aerosols over East Asia are investigated using the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis aerosol data. Results show that the ENSO has a crucial effect on the spring aerosols over mainland South East Asia, southern China, and the ocean south of Japan. The above-normal (below-normal) aerosols are found over these regions during the ensuing spring of El Niño (La Niña). In contrast to the local aerosol diffusion in winter, the ENSO affects East Asian aerosols in the following spring mainly via the modulation of upstream aerosol generation and transport processes. The underlying physical mechanism is that during the ensuing spring of El Niño (La Niña), the dry (wet) air and reduced (enhanced) precipitation are beneficial for the increase (reduction) in biomass burning activities over northern mainland South East Asia, resulting in more (fewer) carbonaceous aerosol emissions. On the other hand, the anomalous anticyclone (cyclone) over the north-western Pacific (WNP) associated with El Niño (La Niña) enhances (weakens) the low-level south-westerly wind from northern mainland South East Asia to southern Japan, which transports more (less) carbonaceous aerosol downstream. Anomalous precipitation plays a role in reducing aerosols over the source region, but its washout effect over the downstream region is limited. The ENSO's impact on the ensuing spring aerosols is mainly attributed to the eastern Pacific ENSO rather than the central Pacific ENSO.

Cross-continental hydroclimate proxies: Tree-rings in Central Chile reconstruct historical streamflow in Southeastern South American rivers

2022 ◽  
pp. 030913332110674
Author(s):  
Christine Lucas ◽  
Isabella Aguilera-Betti ◽  
Ariel A Muñoz ◽  
Paulina Puchi ◽  
Gonzalo Sapriza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Annual Streamflow ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Negro River ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Hydroclimate Variability

Regional teleconnections permit cross-continental modeling of hydroclimate throughout the world. Tree-rings are a good hydroclimatic proxy used to reconstruct drought and streamflow in regions that respond to common global forcings. We used a multi-species dataset of 32 tree-ring width chronologies from Chile and Uruguay as a climate proxy to infer annual streamflow (Q) variability in the Negro River basin, a grassland-dominated watershed of lowland Southeastern South America. A positive linear correlation between tree-ring chronologies from Central Chile and annual Negro River instrumental streamflow from 1957 to 2012 indicated a cross-continental teleconnection between hydroclimate variability in Central Chile and Northeastern Uruguay. This relationship was mediated in part by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), whereby the El Nino 3.4 Index was positively correlated with regional rainfall, annual tree growth, and Q anomalies. Despite the proximity of Uruguayan tree-ring chronologies to Negro River hydrometric stations, the Chilean tree-ring chronologies best predicted annual streamflow. Thus, using tree-ring data from four long-term moisture-sensitive chronologies of the species Cryptocarya alba in Central Chile (32–34°S), we present the first streamflow reconstruction (1890–2009) in the lower La Plata Basin. The reconstruction supports regional evidence for increasing frequency of extreme flood years over the past century in Uruguay. We demonstrate how climate teleconnections that mediate local hydroclimate variability permit the cross-continental reconstruction of streamflow, filling a major geographical gap in historical proxies for flooding and drought in grassland biomes of the southern hemisphere.

scholarly journals El Niño Southern Oscillation signal in a new East Antarctic ice core, Mount Brown South

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla K. Crockart ◽  
Tessa R. Vance ◽  
Alexander D. Fraser ◽  
Nerilie J. Abram ◽  
Alison S. Criscitiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation

Abstract. Paleoclimate archives, such as high-resolution ice core records, provide a means to investigate long-term (multi-centennial) climate variability. Until recently, the Law Dome (Dome Summit South) ice core record remained one of few long-term high-resolution records in East Antarctica. A new ice core drilled in 2017/2018 at Mount Brown South, approximately 1000 km west of Law Dome, provides an additional high-resolution record that will likely span the last millennium in the Indian Ocean sector of East Antarctica. Here, we compare snowfall accumulation rates and sea salt concentrations in the upper portion (~21 m) of the Mount Brown South record, and an updated Law Dome record over the period 1975–2016. Annual sea salt concentrations from the Mount Brown South record preserves a stronger signal for the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO; in austral winter and spring, r = 0.521, p 

Long-term and multilevel impact assessment of the 2015–2016 El Niño on a sandy beach of the southwestern Atlantic

2021 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 145689
Author(s):  
Gabriela Jorge-Romero ◽  
Eleonora Celentano ◽  
Diego Lercari ◽  
Leonardo Ortega ◽  
Juan A. Licandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic

scholarly journals A Chronology of El Niño Events from Primary Documentary Sources in Northern Peru*

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1948-1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Garcia-Herrera ◽  
D. Barriopedro ◽  
E. Hernández ◽  
H. F. Diaz ◽  
R. R. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Proxy Data ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Low Frequency Variability ◽  
Northern Peru

Abstract The authors present a chronology of El Niño (EN) events based on documentary records from northern Peru. The chronology, which covers the period 1550–1900, is constructed mainly from primary sources from the city of Trujillo (Peru), the Archivo General de Indias in Seville (Spain), and the Archivo General de la Nación in Lima (Peru), supplemented by a reassessment of documentary evidence included in previously published literature. The archive in Trujillo has never been systematically evaluated for information related to the occurrence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Abundant rainfall and river discharge correlate well with EN events in the area around Trujillo, which is very dry during most other years. Thus, rain and flooding descriptors, together with reports of failure of the local fishery, are the main indicators of EN occurrence that the authors have searched for in the documents. A total of 59 EN years are identified in this work. This chronology is compared with the two main previous documentary EN chronologies and with ENSO indicators derived from proxy data other than documentary sources. Overall, the seventeenth century appears to be the least active EN period, while the 1620s, 1720s, 1810s, and 1870s are the most active decades. The results herein reveal long-term fluctuations in warm ENSO activity that compare reasonably well with low-frequency variability deduced from other proxy data.

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