Relational Bodies in Japanese Architecture: Sustainability Reconsidered

2016 ◽  
pp. 85-94
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Trisno ◽  
Fermanto Lianto

AbstractJapanese architecture retains the characteristic of appreciating its culture, despite the growing influence of Western architecture. Based on this issue, it is a very interesting area to study to understand the design concepts behind two masterpieces from the world’s architects Kisho Kurokawa and Tadao Ando. This study uses a qualitative method by analyzing theories and case studies in the work of the architects Kisho Kurokawa and Tadao Ando. It conducts the following detailed analyses; (a) Western architects who influenced both design concepts; (b) The primary considerations of the two architects in facing the demands of the times. The study concludes that Kisho Kurokawa was influenced by Kenzo Tange, while Tadao Ando has been influenced by Le Corbusier and Louis Khan. The primary consideration of Kisho Kurokawa is Hanasuki, while for Tadao Ando it is Shintai. The findings in this study are that the two architects in the design concept were inspired by Japanese culture, where Japanese culture is influenced by the philosophy of Lau Tze and Confucius.


Author(s):  
Н.А. Коновалова

Идеи В.Г. Шухова в свое время стали настоящей революцией в архитектуре. Спустя десятилетия они не только не потеряли своей актуальности, но и нашли применение во многих странах мира, в том числе в Японии. Японцы первыми оценили перспективность изобретений великого русского инженера и стали использовать сетчатые оболочки и несущие конструкции на их основе в архитектуре. Главными причинами использования сетчатых оболочек Шухова в архитектуре Новейшего времени является повышение сейсмостойкости зданий и возможность получения новых, более сложных форм перекрытий. В современной японской архитектуре можно встретить ряд ярких примеров, раскрывающих влияние на нее идей инженера В.Г. Шухова и развитие идей русского инженера местными мастерами. Ideas of V.G. Shuchov were revolutionary for his times. Decades passed but these ideas haven’t lost their relevence and found applications in many countries all over the world, including Japan. Japanese were the first ones who acknowledged the perspectivity of great russian engineer’s inventions and started using retinas and supporting structures based on them in architecture. Main reasons of using Shuchov’s retinas in contemporary architecture are increase of seismic resistance in structures and possibility to gain new, more complicated forms of overlays. In contemporary architecture of Japan there are numerous examples, that reveal the influence on it created by V.G. Shuchov and development of russian engineer’s ideas by local masters.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruly Pujantara

Pada era modern sekarang ini, fasade dan bentuk bangunan yang berkembang dan di bangun di kota-kota besar Indonesia adalah kebanyakan fasade dan bentuk bangunan modern dan futuristik. Desainnya mempunyai karakteristik tertentu sesuai gaya Arsitektur Eropa, Amerika dan Jepang. Originalitas fasade bangunan dan bentuk bangunan modern di Indonesia juga mengalami adaptasi mengikuti preseden Arsitektur dunia. Preseden Arsitektur ini menjadi sedikit masalah ketika unsur keamanan, kenyamanan menjadi hilang dan menjadi gangguan dalam struktur perencanaan dan perancangan bangunan di Indonesia. Bagaimana adaptasi karakter fasade pada lingkungan, bentuk preseden arsitektur dan akibatnya kepada keseluruhan desain pasca huni , akan menjadi inti bahasan dalam tulisan ini di dasarkan pada tinjauan filosofi, ilmu pengetahuan, rekayasa teknik dan seni. Membaca dan mengidentifikasi karakteristik dari preseden yang menjadi tema dalam sebuah desain dilakukan dengan membandingkan langsung fasade, bentuk, pola geometri, skala, bidang vertikal dan horizontal yang mempengaruhi pola desain dari arsitek bersangkutan. Hasilnya adalah beberapa bangunan komersial di kota Makassar sangat dipengaruhi oleh preseden arsitektural dari luar, langgam kelokalan hilang, sedangkan bangunan pemerintahan walaupun sedikit dipengaruhi preseden arsitektur dari luar namun masih tetap memasukkan langgam arsitektur lokal dan kultur daerah setempat sebagai identitas kedaerahan In this modern era, futuristic buildings form and facade, nowdays, can be seen at big towns in Indonesia. The design has certain characteristic in accordance to eropean, american and japanese architecture style. The originality of it’s facades were changed, adopting  the global  architectural precedents, and sometimes its turn into problems when adopting process ignoring comfortness, safety, and structure. How is the facade characeristic, the form of precedent, and its impact are the essences of this paper. Discussion constructed based on review of philosophy, science, engineering and art. To read and identify the characteristics of precedent were done by comparing directly the facade, shape, geometry pattern, scale, vertical and horizontal plane that affect the pattern of design. From the result: for some commercial buildings in the Makassar city were strongly influenced by the architectural precedent from the outside, the style of its localities was disappearing. For the government buildings, although is slightly influenced  by the architectural precedents from the outside, but its still keeping the local architectural style and culture of the local area as a regional identity.


Author(s):  
Нина Анатольевна Коновалова

В первые десятилетия эпохи Мэйдзи, после прекращения самоизоляции Японии в 1868 г., глобальный процесс модернизации охватил все сферы жизни государства и общества. Архитектура в этом процессе играла одну из ведущих ролей. Контакты в сфере архитектуры в этот период у Японии шли прежде всего с Великобританией. Для того чтобы быстрее и качественнее освоить западные стили и методы строительства, японцы стали приглашать в страну консультантов из европейских стран.Томас Джеймс Уотерс, британский инженер-строитель и архитектор, стал одним из первых иностранцев, нанятых новым правительством Мэйдзи (после открытия страны в 1868 г.) на государственную службу. Им был спроектирован и построен ряд ключевых зданий и инженерных сооружений в городах Японии, он проводил обучение японских архитекторов и выполнял многочисленные частные заказы.Проработав на новое правительство 10 лет, Уотерс покинул Японию, столкнувшись с конкуренцией многочисленных иностранных архитекторов, приезжающих в Японию в качестве иностранных консультантов. Главным образом конкуренцию ему составил Джошуа Кондер, получивший серьезные должности и крупные правительственные заказы. Безусловно, вклад Дж. Кондера в развитие современной японской архитектуры был больше, чем кого-либо из иностранцев, и поэтому так хорошо исследован. Однако 10 лет, которые Т. Дж. Уотерс провел на государственной службе в Японии, оказали настолько заметное влияние на введение в стране западной архитектуры, что их называют «эрой Уотерса». In the first decades of the Meiji era, after the end of Japan’s self-isolation in 1868, the global process of modernization covered all spheres of life of the state and society. Architecture played a leading role in this process. As for contacts in the field of architecture in this period, Japan went, first of all, with the UK. In order to quickly and efficiently master Western styles and methods of construction, the Japanese began to invite consultants from European countries, primarily from the UK. Thomas James Waters, a British civil engineer and architect, was one of the first foreigners employed by the new Meiji government (after the country’s opening in 1868) in public service. He designed and built a number of key buildings and engineering structures in Japanese cities, trained Japanese architects, and carried out numerous private commissions. After working for the new government for 10 years, Waters left Japan, facing competition from numerous foreign architects coming to Japan as foreign consultants. His first competitor was Joshua Conder, who received a serious positions and large government commissions. Of course, the contribution of J. Konder in the development of modern Japanese architecture was greater than that of any of the foreigners, and therefore so well researched. However, the ten years that T. J. Waters spent in public service in Japan had such a prominent role in the introduction of Western architecture in the country, that they are called the “Waters era”.


Author(s):  
Diana Soeiro

Kazuo Shinohara was born in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. He graduated from the Department of Architecture, Tokyo Institute of Technology, in 1953. That same year, he commenced his successfull career as an academic and practicing architect. To Shinohara, theory and practice were closely linked and whatever he conceived in theory, he took the chance to experiment with in real-life structures. Academically, he published several hundred articles and books between 1955 and 1990; as an architect, he concluded his first project, House in Kugayama in 1954 and his last work Kumamoto-kita Police Station, was completed in 1990. Shinohara considered himself an individual housing architect, having built around forty residences. Since opening communications with Western countries in the mid-1850s, Japan had been struggling to maintain its own identity. At first, architects started imitating Western styles from different historical periods, experimenting with brick and other materials unknown hitherto in Japan. Some, however, continued to favor traditional Japanese architecture with its predominant use of wood. After 1920 and the Japanese secession, architects started to proclaim their own individual artistic creativity, considering architecture to be not only a science, but also an art.


Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanae Nakao ◽  
Minoru Sakamoto ◽  
Mineo Imamura

The radiocarbon dating method was applied to the study of Japanese traditional wooden buildings. The traditional Japanese architecture studied includes the Main Hall of Banna-ji Temple (Buddhist building), Sekisui-in of Kozan-ji Temple (noble house), Hakogi-ke house (farmhouse), and Kawai-ke house (townhouse).14C dating proved useful as a research method to better understand the history of these buildings and Japanese architecture as a whole.


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