The Four Levels of Abstraction of Marx’s Concept of ‘Capital’. Or, Can We Consider the Grundrisse the Most Advanced Version of Marx’s Theory of Capital?

2013 ◽  
pp. 71-98 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Advanced Version

The Relationship Between Middle-Class Parents’ Book-Sharing Discussion and Their Preschoolers’ Abstract Language Development

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne van Kleeck ◽  
Ronald B. Gillam ◽  
Lori Hamilton ◽  
Cassandra McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Preschool Language ◽  
Abstract Language ◽  
Language Abstraction ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Book Sharing

Thirty-five mothers and fathers were videotaped in their homes as they read a familiar and unfamiliar book to their preschoolers aged between 3;6 and 4;1. Parental discussions about the text were coded for four levels of abstraction and correlated with children’s gains one year later on a formal test of the same four levels of language abstraction (the Preschool Language Assessment Instrument). Parental input at three of the four levels of abstraction was positively and significantly correlated with their children’s gains at the highest level of abstraction. This was also the level at which children’s scores were the lowest initially and showed the greatest gains. The results suggest that discussions during book reading with preschoolers may be a positive influence, since it was parents’ amount of input at lower as well as higher levels of abstraction that correlated with the children’s development of more abstract language. We speculate that more input at lower levels might enhance learning by creating a climate of success in allowing children to display mastered skills, whereas more input at higher levels might enhance learning by challenging children with abstract language skills they are just beginning to acquire. In contrast to previous research, these results suggest that there is a great deal of variability in middle-class families in the amount of input that children receive at various level of abstractions during book sharing.

A wide-spectrum coordination model of schizophrenia

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
Hendrik Pieter Barendregt
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cognitive Level ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Coordination Model ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Important Notion

AbstractThe target article presents a model for schizophrenia extending four levels of abstraction: molecules, cells, cognition, and syndrome. An important notion in the model is that of coordination, applicable to both the level of cells and of cognition. The molecular level provides an “implementation” of the coordination at the cellular level, which in turn underlies the coordination at the cognitive level, giving rise to the clinical symptoms.

A Metadata Management Model for Massive Data Engineering in Oilfield

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 4372-4377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Ping Xiong ◽  
Wan Wei Liu ◽  
Chun Yu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Petroleum Engineering ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Data Services ◽  
Metadata Model ◽  
Data Engineering ◽  
Four Levels

Petroleum engineering is a complicated subject which involves multidisciplinary teams of scientists, engineers, operators and managers to use real-time and historic data to perform modeling, interpretation, analysis and decision-making activities. During this process, some very crucial tasks come from how to effectively collect and manage the acquired datasets, how to efficiently provide data services, and how to control and assess data quality. In addition, heterogeneous sources and various types of the datasets make the process more complicated. To achieve effective data engineering, metadata is discussed in this paper. Furthermore, a comprehensive, extensible and operational metadata model is presented. The model is discussed from different perspectives. Conceptually, it is a metadata framework with four levels of abstraction. Logically, it characterizes a three-dimensional geological data map that interconnects geological entities on the plane and mounts data resources as sub-trees on the other dimension. Physically, it adopts a federated topology and supports distributed storage and management by virtual nodes mapping. Finally, how the metadata model works in data governance, collection, management, and service is illustrated.

Aspects of a Theory of Transition within the Capitalist Mode of Production

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
K D Gibson ◽  
R J Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Historical Materialism ◽  
General Level ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Capitalist Mode ◽  
Level I ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Mode Of Production

Marx's primary focus in his theoretical and practical work was on the transition between modes of production; our concern here, however, is to offer a theory of transition within the capitalist mode of production which is consistent with the fundamental principles of historical materialism. The methodological solution to this problem, we suggest, lies in recognizing the levels of abstraction and corresponding degrees of historical specificity in theoretical concepts. Four levels of abstraction are identified: level I, universal theory; level II, theory of a mode of production in general; level III, theory of variants of a mode of production; and level IV, theoretically informed analysis of real concrete formations. It is at the more historically specific level III that a theory of transition within the capitalist mode of production is offered by identifying four variants of capitalist production: the transitional, competitive, monopoly, and global submodes of production. Finally, it is proposed that at level III a more satisfactory theory of uneven development is possible based on the articulation of submodes of production within given social formations.

scholarly journals Construction of High School Students’ Abstraction Levels in Understanding the Concept of Quadrilaterals

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mega Teguh Budiarto ◽  
Siti Khabibah ◽  
Rini Setianingsih
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Plane Figure ◽  
School Students ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
One Year ◽  
Abstraction Levels

The purpose of this study was to examine the abstraction thinking or the vertical reorganization activity of mathematical concepts of high school students while taking account of the abstraction that was constructed earlier, and the socio-cultural background. This study was qualitative in nature with task-based interviews as the method of collecting the data. It involved 62 high school students, and conducted for one year. The study focused on activities related to how the subjects grouped plane figures, recognized the attributes of each two plane figure, recognized the relation among them based on their attributes, defined plane figures, connected their attributes, as well as constructed the relations among plane figures. The results indicates that the abstraction level of high school students in constructing the relations among quadrilaterals consists of concrete visual level, semi-concrete visual level, semi-abstract visual level, and abstract visual level, together with indicators of each level. Therefore, the researchers suggest that it is necessary to design a learning activity that facilitates the four levels of abstraction, so that a student might increase his/her level of abstraction.

scholarly journals Dashboard for Evaluating the Quality of Open Learning Courses

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3941
Author(s):  
Gina Mejía-Madrid ◽  
Faraón Llorens-Largo ◽  
Rafael Molina-Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Open Learning ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Color Code ◽  
Heat Map ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Learning Projects

Universities are developing a large number of Open Learning projects that must be subject to quality evaluation. However, these projects have some special characteristics that make the usual quality models not respond to all their requirements. A fundamental part in a quality model is a visual representation of the results (a dashboard) that can facilitate decision making. In this paper, we propose a complete model for evaluating the quality of Open Learning courses and the design of a dashboard to represent its results. The quality model is hierarchical, with four levels of abstraction: components, elements, attributes and indicators. An interesting contribution is the definition of the standards in the form of fulfillment levels, that are easier to interpret and allow using a color code to build a heat map that serves as a dashboard. It is a regular nonagon, divided into sectors and concentric rings, in which each color intensity represents the fulfillment level reached by each abstraction level. The resulting diagram is a compact and visually powerful representation, which allows the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of the Open Learning course. A case study of an Ecuadorian university is also presented to complete the description and draw new conclusions.

scholarly journals Applying a Model Driven Architecture Approach: Transforming CIM to PIM Using UML

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (09) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Oualid Betari ◽  
Saida Filali ◽  
Amine Azzaoui ◽  
Mohamed Amine Boubnad
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Model Driven Architecture ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
View Transformation ◽  
Independent Model

Over the last few years, as they evolve with business needs and technology, enterprises are faced with the need to adapt their business processes to work in open settings. In such settings, the automation and the interoperability of business process and applications become a key concern. The Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is introduced as an approach to cope with this challenge. MDA specifies four levels of abstraction, most of the existing studies focus on modeling and transforming the Platform-Independent Model (PIM) to Platform-Specific Model (PSM) levels, while the more conceptual level, the Computation-Independent Model (CIM) is often presumed as present and is not further studied. In this paper, we propose an approach for transforming a CIM into a PIM using the core modeling concepts of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). One important characteristic of this approach is that it provides a method to capture and describe the requirements of the business process using a use cases model. The other important characteristic is proposing an architecture of the PIM based on the classes model. The execution of the transformation is programmed by the Query View Transformation (QVT) language.

Optimization of a Hybrid Methodology (CRISP-DM)

2012 ◽  
pp. 356-379
Author(s):  
José Nava ◽  
Paula Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Project Outcomes ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Mining Project ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Mining Model

Data mining is a complex process that involves the interaction of the application of human knowledge and skills and technology. This must be supported by clearly defined processes and procedures. This Chapter describes CRISP-DM (Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining), a fully documented, freely available, robust, and non proprietary data mining model. The chapter analyzes the contents of the official Version 1.0 Document, and it is a guide through all the implementation process. The main purpose of data mining is the extraction of hidden and useful knowledge from large volumes of raw data. Data mining brings together different disciplines like software engineering, computer science, business intelligence, human-computer interaction, and analysis techniques. Phases of these disciplines must be combined for data mining project outcomes. CRISP-DM methodology defines its processes hierarchically at four levels of abstraction allowing a project to be structured modularly, being more maintainable, scalable and the most important, to reduce complexity. CRISP-DM describes the life cycle of a data mining project consisting of six phases: business understanding, data understanding, data preparation, modeling, evaluation, and deployment.

Optimization of a Hybrid Methodology (CRISP-DM)

Data Mining ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 1998-2020
Author(s):  
José Nava ◽  
Paula Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Project Outcomes ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Mining Project ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Mining Model

Data mining is a complex process that involves the interaction of the application of human knowledge and skills and technology. This must be supported by clearly defined processes and procedures. This Chapter describes CRISP-DM (Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining), a fully documented, freely available, robust, and non proprietary data mining model. The chapter analyzes the contents of the official Version 1.0 Document, and it is a guide through all the implementation process. The main purpose of data mining is the extraction of hidden and useful knowledge from large volumes of raw data. Data mining brings together different disciplines like software engineering, computer science, business intelligence, human-computer interaction, and analysis techniques. Phases of these disciplines must be combined for data mining project outcomes. CRISP-DM methodology defines its processes hierarchically at four levels of abstraction allowing a project to be structured modularly, being more maintainable, scalable and the most important, to reduce complexity. CRISP-DM describes the life cycle of a data mining project consisting of six phases: business understanding, data understanding, data preparation, modeling, evaluation, and deployment.

scholarly journals A methodology for supporting “transfer” in biomimetic design

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Sartori ◽  
Ujjwal Pal ◽  
Amaresh Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Biomimetic Design ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Generic Set

AbstractBiomimetics involves transfer from one or more biological examples to a technical system. This study addresses four questions. What are the essential steps in a biomimetic process? What is transferred? How can the transferred knowledge be structured in a way useful for biologists and engineers? Which guidelines can be given to support transfer in biomimetic design processes? In order to identify the essential steps involved in carrying out biomimetics, several procedures found in the literature were summarized, and four essential steps that are common across these procedures were identified. For identification of mechanisms for transfer, 20 biomimetic examples were collected and modeled according to a model of causality called the SAPPhIRE model. These examples were then analyzed for identifying the underlying similarity between each biological and corresponding analogue technical system. Based on the SAPPhIRE model, four levels of abstraction at which transfer takes place were identified. Taking into account similarity, the biomimetic examples were assigned to the appropriate levels of abstraction of transfer. Based on the essential steps and the levels of transfer, guidelines for supporting transfer in biomimetic design were proposed and evaluated using design experiments. The 20 biological and analogue technical systems that were analyzed were similar in the physical effects used and at the most abstract levels of description of their functionality, but they were the least similar at the lowest levels of abstraction: the parts involved. Transfer most often was carried out at the physical effect level of abstraction. Compared to a generic set of guidelines based on the literature, the proposed guidelines improved design performance by about 60%. Further, the SAPPhIRE model turned out to be a useful representation for modeling complex biological systems and their functionality. Databases of biological systems, which are structured using the SAPPhIRE model, have the potential to aid biomimetic concept generation.

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