Cultural Studies and Cultural Hegemony: Comparing Britain and Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-306
Author(s):  
Hasnul Insani Djohar

Topik dari tulisan ini adalah untuk membahas kajian budaya dengan berfokus pada hegemoni budaya, memperkenalkan gagasan dari kelompok yang berkuasa untuk mengontrol masyarakat.  Tulisan ini akan mengangkat isu bagaimana kelas-kelas yang menguasai hidup pada tahun 1920an. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk menganalisis The Great Gatsby karya Scott Fitgerald untuk menyimpulkan tentang gambaran kelas dan kekuatan aristrokrasi untuk mendominasi kelompok yang tidak berkuasa, dengan menggunakan kajian budaya, dari teori hegemoni Antonio Gramci. Secara khusus, penelitian ini berfokus pada perjuangan Jay Gatsby untuk menghadapi hegemoni kelompok aristokratik, yang kekuasaannya sangat berpengaruh. Dalam cerita tersebut, kelompok kaya baru, yang diwakili oleh Jay Gatsby, hidup di daerah West Egg, sementara kelompok aristokratik, yang diwakili oleh Tom Buchanan, tinggal di East Egg. Tom selalu menjadi pemenang karena dia datang dari kelompok aristokratik, yang keluarganya sangat berpengaruh. Oleh karena itu, Gatsby selalu kalah dalam persaingan melawan Tom walaupun sebesar apapun Gatsby berkuasa. Dengan mempelajari perjuangan Gatsby dalam novel ini, kita mendapatkan sebuah pemahaman yang lebih baik bagaimana kelompok yang lemah, bukan hanya di masyarakat Amerika, tetapi juga masyarakat lain di dunia juga akan berjuang untuk berkompetisi dengan kelompok aristrokratik.---Abstract The topic of this paper is the pursuit of cultural studies focusing on cultural Hegemony, introduces the notion of the dominant groups’ power to control society. It will also raise the issue of how hegemonic classes live in 1920s. The objective is to analyze, using cultural studies, Antonio Gramsci’s Hegemony, Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby in order to come to some conclusions about depictions of aristocratic classes and powers in order to dominate powerless groups. Specifically, the research focuses on Jay Gatsby’s struggles to face the hegemony of aristocratic groups, whose affluent supremacy. In the story, the new moneyed group, represented by Jay Gatsby, lives in West Egg while the aristocratic group, represented by Tom Buchanan, lives in East Egg. Tom is always the winner because he comes from the aristocratic groups, whose prestigious family. Therefore, Gatsby always loses compete against Tom no matter how hard Gatsby tries. By learning Gatsby’s struggle in this novel, we gain a better understanding of how other powerless groups, not only in American society, but also other society in the world, who also struggle to compete with the aristocratic groups.


2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Jajang A. Rohmana

<em>Dangding</em> as a literary work is only meaningful when chanted. When one just reads in his/her mind silently, <em>dangding</em> becomes dry and lacks of meaning. This paper discusses the position of Mustapa’s <em>dangding</em> in literary context and their relevance to contemporary Sundanese discourse. The main focus of this study is the character of his mystical verses, structural aspects of <em>dangding</em> as a Sufism vessel, and to examine any discrepancy of meaning in reading process on his <em>dangding</em> for Sundanese literary today. Cultural studies approach is used to analyze the meaningfulness of his works in the current widespread popular cultural challenges. The study finds that with the decline of <em>dangding</em> tradition, Mustapa’s works receive a great deal of challenges seen from the development of modern literary: the influence of Indonesian literature (short stories, novels, etc.) to the Sundanese literary; <em>dangding</em> becomes marginalized along with the loss of many cultural institutions where it is appreciated; and the problem of meaning discrepancies on reading it in popular culture, which is dominated by massively printed works that lost the meaning behind words and melody. It is difficult for it to compete in popular cultural hegemony that relies on uniformity, profit-oriented and passive consumer.


2022 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
Shaymaa Neamah Mohammed ALMKHELIF

The current research paper considers theory of cultural hegemony as reflected in the Nigerian novelist Chinua Achebe's 1958 novel Things Fall Apart. The study aims to examine Achebe's novel as a profound example of cultural hegemony during the colonial era. The novelist exhibits his mother land Nigeria as a culturally hegemonized territory by the English colonizer at that time. The study also presents Antonio Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony as the main subject in the development of both fields Cultural Studies and Postcolonialism. The research paper is divided into three main sections and a conclusion. The first section shows the development of cultural hegemony as a new theory at the hand of the Italian theorist Antonio Gramsci, who is known for his own perspective of hegemony as a cultural component. Based on Gramsci's theory, the second section examines the significance of cultural hegemony in the fields of Cultural Studies and Postcolonialism. As for the third section, it tackles the theory of cultural hegemony through a selective analysis of Achebe's novel. As far as Things Fall Apart is concerned, the analysis traces the novelist's attempt to expose colonialism as a hegemonic power through an overt portrayal of the cultural struggle between the colonizer and the colonized in Nigeria. Finally, the study ends with a conclusion that sums up the ultimate findings of the research..


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bender

Abstract Tomasello argues in the target article that, in generalizing the concrete obligations originating from interdependent collaboration to one's entire cultural group, humans become “ultra-cooperators.” But are all human populations cooperative in similar ways? Based on cross-cultural studies and my own fieldwork in Polynesia, I argue that cooperation varies along several dimensions, and that the underlying sense of obligation is culturally modulated.


1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Martínez-Arias ◽  
Fernando Silva ◽  
Ma Teresa Díaz-Hidalgo ◽  
Generós Ortet ◽  
Micaela Moro

Summary: This paper presents the results obtained in Spain with The Interpersonal Adjective Scales of J.S. Wiggins (1995) concerning the variables' structure. There are two Spanish versions of IAS, developed by two independent research groups who were not aware of each other's work. One of these versions was published as an assessment test in 1996. Results from the other group have remained unpublished to date. The set of results presented here compares three sources of data: the original American manual (from Wiggins and collaborators), the Spanish manual (already published), and the new IAS (our own research). Results can be considered satisfactory since, broadly speaking, the inner structure of the original instrument is well replicated in the Spanish version.


1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (4, Pt.2) ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry C. Triandis ◽  
Vasso Vassiliou ◽  
Maria Nassiakou

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